考研考博-英語-北京工商大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京工商大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Thetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadoncebeen（）onlytotheveryrich.

問題1選項

A.manageable

B.measurable

C.acceptable

D.affordable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。manageable“可管理的”；measurable“可衡量的”；acceptable“可接受的”；affordable“可負擔得起的”。句意：技術的進步讓中產階級也能夠享受原本只有富人能夠供應得起的東西。D項符合題意。

2.單選題

Environmentalistsmaygetoffonterrifyingclimatechange,butmostpeoplejustturnaway.“Ifitwasreallysobad,they’ddosomething,”saysonecolleague.ThehumantendencytoconvinceyourselfthateverythingisOK,becausenooneelseisworried,isdeeplyseated.

Ourtendencytoshrugoffresponsibilityseemstoholdtrueevenwhenweourselvesareindanger.JohnDarleyandBibbLataneaskedaseriesofcollegestudentstositinaroomandfilloutaquestionnaire.Whensmokestartedtopourintotheroomthroughavent,theothers,allactors,ignoreditandwentonwritingcalmly.Ninetypercentofsubjectscopiedtheactors,evenwhenthesmokebecamesothickthattheycouldbarelyseeandwerecoughing.Butsubjectswhowerealoneintheroom,underthesameconditions,almostallreportedthesmokeasanemergency.Thatisanastonishingfinding—thattheinactionofotherpeoplecanmakeusunderestimatethreatstoourownsafety.

Inthepastfewweekswehavebeentold,byreputablesources,thattheoceansarewarmingfasterthananyonepredicted.Thatspeciesarebecomingextinctahundredtimesfasterthanfossilsrecord.Thatweareapproachingtippingpointsthatmaymakeclimatechangeirreversible.Thisstuffmakesmefeelprettydesperate.Iwouldthinkthatotherpeoplewouldworrytoo.ButthenIgototheoffice,andtofriends’houses,andnoonementionsit.Nordothepoliticians.Despitethenoisefromgreengroups,welookforget-outclauses.Weblameothercountriesorbigcorporations.Thepartofourbrainthatisprogrammedtoimitatedominatesthepartcuedtoself-preservation—especiallywhenthethreatsarecomplexandlong-term.

Couldwesendtheherdintheotherdirection?Maybe.TenyearsafterDarleyandLatane’ssmokeexperiment,anotherprofessorArthurBeamanshoweditsfilmstohisstudents.Heexplainedthepsychology.Andinfuturethosestudentswere,apparently,almosttwiceaslikelyasotherstoreacttohelpotherpeople.

InJanuaryIcountedaToyotaPriushybridcaronalmosteveryoneoftherichstreetsinapartofLondonjusteastofmyhouse.YesterdayIdidanothercount.Theyseemedtohaveincreasedtotwoorthree.Thatisthepowerofimitation,forpeoplewhocanaffordit.Buthowdoyougetotherpeopletoimitatebehaviorthatislessvisible:buyingless,travelinglessorchangingtheirelectricitysupplier?Theanswersmustsurelylieinsocialetiquette.Ifweareprogrammedtoactlikelemmings,thenwemustgivesomepeopleincentivestobreakoutandpublicizetheiractivities.

Thesmokeiscomingupthroughthevent.Ifenoughpeoplestarttalkingaboutthesmoke,perhapsotherswillstarttoseeittoo.Andifenoughpeopleact,therestmayfollow.Forthat,itseems,ishumannature.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatpeopletendto

（

）.

2.Infaceofenvironmentaldegradation,mostpeopleare（

）.

3.ProfessorArthurBeaman'sexperimentshowsthat

（

）.

4.Theauthorsuggeststhatinordertocounterclimatechange,（

）.

問題1選項

A.beoptimisticaboutchangesoccurringaround

B.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreats

C.havetheirjudgmentsinfluencedbyothers

D.waitforsomeoneelsetoactfirst

問題2選項

A.feelingunabletoassumesuchabigresponsibility

B.endeavoringtofindoutitscauses

C.imitatingothers'inaction

D.tryingtoprotectthemselves

問題3選項

A.it’shumannaturetoshrinkfromresponsibility

B.environmentaleducationshouldbeginwiththeyoungpeople

C.therewillbemanymorewhoarereadytohelpothers

D.properguidancecanmakepeoplemoreconcernedaboutclimatechange

問題4選項

A.moreattentionshouldbepaidtopsychologicalaspects

B.imitationshouldbeminimizedoravoided

C.morepopularizationshouldbedoneaboutitsdanger

D.somerestrictionsshouldbemadeonpeople’sspendingpattern

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段和第二段主要講了人的從眾性心理，第一段借助同事說的Ifitwasreallysobad,they'ddosomething（如果真的那么糟糕，他們會做些什么）來表示人們總是指望其他人去行動；通過第二段中的“煙霧實驗”對比的結果可知，其他人的不作為會使我們低估對我們自身安全的威脅，因此D選項“等別人先采取行動”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的內容可知，面對環(huán)境惡化，除了來自環(huán)保主義的聲音，沒有人提及關心這個嚴峻的問題，采取不作為的態(tài)度。這個深層次的原因是Thepartofourbrainthatisprogrammedtoimitatedominatesthepartcuedtoself-preservation—especiallywhenthethreatsarecomplexandlong-term.（與大腦中提醒我們自我生存的那一部分相比，我們大腦中用來模仿他人的那一部分占了上風。當我們面臨的威脅復雜且具長期性時，更是如此）可知C選項“效仿他人的不作為”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第四段講述了教授通過讓學生觀看影片并用心理學知識加以解釋，會使這些學生將來的行動的積極性提高，可推測在正確的引導下，人們行動的積極性可以提高，根據文章提到氣候變化，因此D選項“適當的指導可以使人們更加關注氣候變化”最為恰當。

4.主旨大意題。文章首先通過分析指出，從眾心理使人們面對氣候變化缺乏行動，然后指出正確利用從眾心理可以使人們行動起來，全文一直都是從心理角度來提出解決氣候變化的問題，因此A選項“應該更關注心理學層面”符合題意。

3.單選題

AttheendoftheSecondWorldWar,Americanspendingonresearchanddevelopment（

）

halftheworld’stotal;today,ithasdroppedtoonethird.

問題1選項

A.madeup

B.madefor

C.madeupfor

D.madefrom

【答案】A

【解析】句意:二戰(zhàn)結束吋，美國在研究和發(fā)展上的支出占世界在這些方面總支出的一半，如今該比例下降到了三分之一。

考查短語辨析。選項均為對應短語的過去式。makeup和解，和好，組成，構成，編造，化妝，拿定主意;makefor為…生產；走向，有利于，撲向；makeupfor補償，彌補，補救；makefrom由…制造，用…制成，以…謀生。

4.單選題

Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration—atasksomecomputersecurityconsultantssayisnearlyimpossible.Plansfortheprivatenetwork,calledGovnet,hingeonwhetherareliablenetworkinfrastructurecanbebuiltatanaffordableprice,officialssaid.Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds.RichardClarke,whowasappointedspecialadvisertothepresidentforcyberspacesecuritythisweek,saidhebelievesamorereliablesystemcanbebuilt.Ninetypercentofavailablefiber-opticspaceisunusedandfairlyinexpensivetoobtain,hesaid.

GovnetispartofaplanClarkeannouncedearlierthisweektosecureourcyberspacefromarangeofpossiblethreats,fromhackerstocriminalstoterroristgroups,toforeignnations,whichmightusecyber-waragainstusinthefuture.GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment’splan.TherequestfromtheGeneralServicesAdministrationasksthattelecommunicationscompaniessubmitproposalsabouthowthenetworkcouldbebuilt,howmuchitwouldcost,andhowlongitwouldtaketoconstruct.

Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses.ThesystemwasalsoroughedupbytheCodeRedcomputerwormandanattackprogramcalled“ILoveYou'.Thevirusesaffectedthousandsofgovernmentcomputers.LastyearareportbytheGeneralAccountingOffice,aninternalgovernmentwatchdog,foundweaknessesinthecomputernetworkthatcouldallowterroristsorhackerstoseverelydamageordisruptnationaldefenseorvitalpublicoperationsorstealsensitivedata.Clarkesaidthegovernment’scurrentvirtualprivatenetworkisvulnerabletovirusesanddenial-of-serviceattacksthatwouldmakeitmoredifficulttoexecuteGovnet.

Aninternalnetwork,suchastheGovnetproposal,isworthinvestigatingbutwillprobablyfalltosophisticatedhackers,saidAmitYoran.chiefexecutiveofthesecurity-servicescompanyRiptechInc.andaformerinformation-securityprogramdirectorattheDefenseDepartment."Itisprobablymorefeasibletoimplementandstronglyenforceglobalsecurityposturesandpracticesratherthangooutandpurchasenewassets.”Yoransaid.“Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks.Someonewillgetin.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisGovnet?

2.ItisimpliedthatsomecomputerconsultantsconsiderGovnettobealmostimpossiblebecause（）.

3.BywhatmeanswillGovnetrealizetheenhancementofthegovernment’scyber-security?

4.WhatAmitYoransaidamountstodenying（）.

5.Theinitiativeforconstructinganinternalnetworkstemsfrom（）.

問題1選項

A.Areliablenetworkinfrastructurethatcanbebuiltatanaffordableprice.

B.Agovernmentcomputernetworkthatmayproveimmunetopenetration.

C.Anationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedbythegovernment.

D.Aprivatenationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedagainstoutsideinvasion.

問題2選項

A.aconsiderablecostwillberequired

B.thereisn’tareliablenetworkinfrastructureyet

C.itistotallydifferentfromtheInternet

D.notelecommunicationscompanycanaffordit

問題3選項

A.Bysteppingupitsvirus-killingsoftware.

B.Byscanningforvirusesandattacksconstantly.

C.BysecludingitselffromtheInternet.

D.Byestablishinganinternalwatchdogcommittee.

問題4選項

A.thefeasibilityofbuildingasecurityprogram

B.theefficiencyofthepresentnetworkincounteringoutsideattacks

C.theconceivedsecurityofGovnet

D.thepossibilityofenhancingthesecurityofthegovernmentnetwork

問題5選項

A.thevulnerabilityofthepresentnetworktooutsideattacks

B.theimprovementinnetworksecuritytechnology

C.thedesiretobuildastrongernationaldefensesystem

D.theproposalssubmittedbytelecommunicationscompanies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。Govnet的意思可參考首句:Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration(政府新的網絡安全官員昨天要求電信公司幫助建立一個不會受到外來入侵威脅的政府計算機網絡)。由此可知，B項“一個可能證明免于侵入的政府計算機網絡”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds(計算機系統(tǒng)顧問們稱，由于政府的巨大規(guī)模和安全需要，所以他們無法估算該網絡的花費)。由此可知A項“需要相當大的花費”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment'splan(根據政府的計劃，Govnet將完全獨立于互聯(lián)網，以幫助抵御黑客和病毒)。由此可知C項“通過讓自身與互聯(lián)網隔離開”正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位至最后一段Yoran所說:Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks(一旦有人能夠進入，那么他們將會找到一個薄弱的連接。當你有一個政府網絡大小的網絡時，這里將會有薄弱的連接)。因此，選C項“(Yoran所說的等于否定了)設想的政府網絡的安全性”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意為:構建內部網絡的倡議來自于…。倒數第二段指出:Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses(今年，現(xiàn)在的網絡被黑客、計算機蠕蟲和病毒攻破過)。因此，A項“現(xiàn)在的網絡對外來攻擊的脆弱性”正確。

5.翻譯題

SinceAlfredNobeldiedin1896wehaveenteredanageofstormandtragedy.Thepowerofmanhasgrownineverysphereexceptoverhimself.Neverinthefieldofactionhaveeventsseemedsoharshlytodwarfpersonalities.Rarelyinhistoryhavebrutalfactssodominatedthoughtorhassuchawidespreadindividualvirtuefoundsodimacollectivefocus.

WeinEuropeandthewesternworldwhohaveplannedforhealthandsocialsecurity,whohavemarveledatthetriumphsofmedicineandscience,andwhohaveaimedatjusticeandfreedomforall,haveneverthelessbeenwitnessesoffamine,misery,cruelty,anddestructionbeforewhichpalethedeedsofGenghisKhan.Andwewho,firstintheLeagueofNationsandnowintheUnitedNations,haveattemptedtogiveanabidingfoundationtothepeaceofwhichmenhavedreamedsolonghavelivedtoseeaworldmarredbycleavagesandthreatenedbydiscordsevergraverandmoreviolentthanthosewhichconvulsedEuropeafterthefalloftheRomanEmpire.

AlfredNobelhasleftbehindhimabrightandenduringbeamofculture,ofpurpose,andofinspirationtoagenerationwhichstandsinsoreneed.Thisworld-famousinstitutionpointsatruepathforustofollow.Letus,therefore,confronttheclatterandrigidityweseearounduswithtolerance,variety,andcalm.

【答案】自阿爾弗萊德?諾貝爾先生1896年去世后，我們就進入了一個狂暴而悲慘的時代。人類的勢力在每個領域都有所發(fā)展，只有其自身除外。在戰(zhàn)場上從未有過如此殘酷之事，人格如此卑微，歷史上思想受控于殘酷的事實也是罕有，廣為舍棄的美德也從未如此黯淡無光。

我們所在的歐洲和西方社會，曾注重醫(yī)療事業(yè)和社會安全事業(yè)，曾在醫(yī)學和科學上取得驚人成功，曾致力于全人類的正義和自由，可我們現(xiàn)在卻見證了饑荒、痛苦、殘忍和毀滅。這些足以使成吉思汗的豐功偉績黯然失色。從起初的國際聯(lián)盟到今天的聯(lián)合國，我們一直嘗試著給人們夢想已久的和平，建立一個持久的基礎。我們目睹了分崩離析、戰(zhàn)火紛飛的破損社會，其動蕩比羅馬帝國崩潰后對歐洲的震動更慘重和劇烈。

阿爾弗萊德?諾貝爾先生將輝煌而不朽的文化、意志和靈感的燈火留給了急需滋養(yǎng)的一代。這個舉世聞名的機構指出了一條真正的道路，引領我們前行。所以讓我們用忍耐、機敏與冷靜，來對抗我們身邊嘈雜與僵化的環(huán)境吧。

6.單選題

Manyaninstitutionhasbeensetuptotryandmakesenseoftheinscrutablenatureofushumanbeings,andalthough（）,itisonlyinstrumentalinshowinghowlittlewereallyunderstand.

問題1選項

A.aninroadhasbeensetup

B.theinroadhasbeensetup

C.aninroadhasbeenmade

D.inroadshavebeenmade

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配和語法題。根據后面主句中的it可判斷although引導的讓步狀語從句中主語應該為名詞單數，所以選項D可排除。又根據固定搭配makeaninroad“取得進展”。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

問題1選項

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項takeintoaccount“考慮、顧及”；B選項accountfor“說明、解釋”；C選項makeupfor“補償、填補”；D選項makeout“理解、辨認”，句意為：我想知道他在當地其他農民和商人中的聲望，然后決定是否批準貸款。D選項符合句意，因此選D。

8.單選題

It'sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofcrimeswedoknowaboutweredetected（）,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.

問題1選項

A.byaccident

B.onschedule

C.ingeneral

D.atintervals

【答案】A

【解析】byaccident偶然，意外地；onschedule按時；ingeneral通常，一般而言，總之；atintervals不時。句意：令人不安的是，我們所知道的許多罪行都是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而不是通過系統(tǒng)的檢查或其他安全程序發(fā)現(xiàn)的。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Physicallywefeelcomfortable.But（

）,wesufferalot.

問題1選項

A.psychologically

B.moderately

C.naturally

D.precisely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。psychologically“心理上地”；moderately“適度地”；naturally“自然地”；precisely“精準地”。句意：我們身體上很舒服，但是精神上備受折磨。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen'se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit"open-sourceintelligence",andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasits.merelyoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying（covering-nationsfromChiletoRussiA.tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.M.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine."Assoonasthatreportruns,we'llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,"saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor."Andwe'llhearbackfromsomeofthem."Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That'swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagencieschancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.ThetextmentionsDonovan'sstoryto（）.

3.Themostprobablemeaningof"makingthebiggestsplash"（Line1,Paragraph3）is（）.

4.Paragraph4suggeststhat（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

問題1選項

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

問題2選項

A.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.introducethetopicofonlinespying

問題3選項

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

問題4選項

A.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford'sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitford'spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

問題5選項

A.officialstatus

B.efficientstaff

C.nonconformistimage

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第一段最后一句“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.”可知，網絡已經改變了購書和寄信等日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多諾萬的職業(yè)。而有上文可知，多諾萬早前從事的是情報工作，所以網絡的出現(xiàn)重塑了情報工作。因此，本題正確答案為B選項。

2.推理判斷題。文章的開始通過介紹多諾萬的故事引入了話題“網絡的出現(xiàn)重塑了情報工作”。之后又介紹了網絡對于信息搜集和分享的影響，由此可以判斷作者提到多諾萬的故事就是為了引入話題。故本題正確答案為D選項“引入網上間諜的話題”。

3.詞匯題。通過上下文語境以及句意可知，這家公司在情報分析領域名聲大噪，取得了巨大成功。因此C選項含義與“makingthebiggestsplash”含義最為接近，都表示取得了很大成功，因此本題正確答案為C選項。

4.推理判斷題。由原文第四段可知，網絡是一種信息收集和發(fā)布相互強化的工具。公司可以從世界的角落收集數據，而在發(fā)布相關報告后，又會有人予以回復，反饋最新情況，所以由此可知，網絡的存在使得Straiford公司能夠提供可靠有可信度的信息。因此本文正確答案為A選項。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由原文最后一句“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”可知，斯特雷福德為自己的獨立聲音感到自豪。說明斯特雷福德公司敢于發(fā)聲，不落俗套，從不墨守成規(guī)。因此本題正確答案為C選項。

11.單選題

Theydon’tknowhowtoputinacentral-heatingsystem,buttheymanageditbytrialand______.

問題1選項

A.fault

B.slop

C.error

D.mistake

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.fault過錯；缺點B.slop泔水；（倒掉的）剩飯菜

C.error錯誤；差錯D.mistake錯誤，失誤

【答案】C

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】按照句意“他們不知道如何安裝中央供暖系統(tǒng)，但他們通過試驗和______設法做到了”，由bytrial可知，bytrialanderror是固定搭配，表示“反復試驗”，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項泛指抽象的過失、過錯、責任等，不符合句意；

B項不符合句意；

D項指判斷或理解方面的錯誤，或是由于缺乏思考或疏忽而造成的錯誤，不符合句意。

【句意】他們不知道如何安裝中央供暖系統(tǒng)，但他們通過反復試驗設法做到了。

12.不定項選擇題

Whileit’swidelyacceptedthatdrinkingtoomuchisbadforyou,conventionalwisdom—andthegovernment’sdietaryguidelines—saythatalcoholcanbeconsumedinmoderation.TheUSgovernmentdefinesthatasonedrinkadayforwomenandtwoformen.Thisstudy,publishedintheBMJonTuesday,findsthatdrinkingaroundtheselevels—8to12drinksaweek—isassociatedwithafewmeasuresofcognitivedeclinethatshoweduponbrainscans.

Researchersbrought550LondonerstoOxfordandranthemthroughanMRImachine.Buttheseweren’tjustanyLondoners—theyweregovernmentemployeeswho,abouteveryfiveyearssince1985,hadbeenfillingoutsurveysabouttheirhealthregimens,includinghowmuchalcoholtheyconsumed.Thisenabledtheresearcherstolookforrelationshipsbetweentheindividuals’drinkinghabitsandwhatshowedupontheirbrainscans.

Theresearchersfoundthatmoderatedrinkingoverthose30-plusyearswasassociatedwithdegenerationandshrinkingofthehippocampus,aregionofthebraininvolvedinmemoryandnavigation,anddegenerationofthebrain’swhitematter.Consumingonemorealcoholicdrinkperweekwasassociatedwitha0.01percentdecreaseinthesizeofthehippocampus.Forcomparison,agingoneyearisassociatedwitha0.02percentdecrease.

ThestudyonlylookedatafewhundredLondoners,mostlywell-educatedandmiddle-class,soitmaynotberepresentativeofawiderpopulation.Topiwala,apsychiatryprofessorattheUniversityofOxford,pointedouttheremighthavebeen“selectionbias”inthesample—individualshadtogetfromLondontoOxfordinordertoundergotheMRIscansandthenspendanhourinabrainscanningmachineandundergoothermemorytests—whichindividualswhowerealcoholdependentorhadsufferedbraindamagefromalcoholusemightbelesslikelytodo.

Inanaccompanyingeditorial,KillianWelch,aneuropsychiatristatahospitalinScotland,wrotethatthestudymightchangewhatwethinkconstitutesahealthylevelofdrinking.“Thefindingsstrengthentheargumentthatdrinkinghabitsmanyregardasnormalhaveadverseconsequencesforhealth,”Welchwrote.Thisisimportant.Wealluserationalizationstojustifypersistencewithbehaviorsnotinourlong-terminterest.Withthepublicationofthispaper,justificationofmoderate’drinkingonthegroundsofbrainhealthbecomesalittleharder.

48.TheUSgovernmentwouldprobablyagreethat________.

49.Thesubjectsoftheresearch________.

50.AccordingtoParagraph3,hippocampus________.

51.Thestudyisquestioned,because________.

52.WhatcanweinferfromWelch’scommentary?

53.Thispassagecouldbebesttitled________.

問題1選項

A.8to12drinksaweekisanacceptablelevel

B.dietaryguidelinesshouldbemodified

C.moderatedrinkingcanleadtobraindamage

D.thefindingsoftheBMJstudyhavebeenconfirmed

問題2選項

A.donotliveinLondonpermanently

B.regularlyreportedtheirdrinkinghabits

C.wereskepticaloftheMRIresults

D.believedinthenegativeeffectofdrinkingonhealth

問題3選項

A.coordinatesbrainfunctions

B.remainsstableinsizewithoutdrinking

C.getssmallerwhenpeopledrinkmore

D.resultsintheshrinkingofthewhitematter

問題4選項

A.thesubjectsareunderstresswhentakingMRI

B.thesamplingprocessisnotscientificenough

C.thememorytestsarenotfromauthoritativesources

D.thealcoholicsarelikelytosufferbraindamage

問題5選項

A.Ahealthylevelofdrinkingisimportant.

B.Brainhealthwillimproveifdrinkingisonlymoderate.

C.Evenmoderatedrinkingisharmfultohealth.

D.Thesalesofalcoholwilldecreaseafterthispublication.

問題6選項

A.DrinkingHabitsShouldBeAbandoned

B.ModerateDrinkingCouldCauseBrainDecline

C.GovernmentalGuidelinesShouldBeFollowed

D.AgingProcessAffectstheSizeofHippocampus

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】48.【選項釋義】

TheUSgovernmentwouldprobablyagreethat________.美國政府可能會同意________。

A.8to12drinksaweekisanacceptablelevelA.每周喝八至十二杯是一個可接受的水平

B.dietaryguidelinesshouldbemodifiedB.飲食指南應該被修改

C.moderatedrinkingcanleadtobraindamageC.適度飲酒會導致腦損傷

D.thefindingsoftheBMJstudyhavebeenconfirmedD.BMJ的研究結果已被證實

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞USgovernment可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句“盡管人們普遍認為飲酒過量對身體有害，但傳統(tǒng)觀點和政府的飲食指南（government’sdietaryguidelines）都認為，飲酒可以適度（inmoderation）。美國政府（TheUSgovernment）將其定義為女性每天一杯，男性每天兩杯?！保f明美國政府對于飲酒習慣的態(tài)度是飲酒可以適度，并且定義了適度飲酒的范圍，即女性每天一杯，男性每天兩杯，每周八至十二杯屬于該范圍之內。因此A選項“每周喝八至十二杯是一個可接受的水平”正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“飲食指南應該被修改”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“適度飲酒會導致腦損傷”，文章中說的是人們認為飲酒過量對身體有害，但適度飲酒是可以接受的，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“BMJ的研究結果已被證實”，文章中只提到BMJ的研究顯示飲酒和大腦認知能力下降指標有關，沒有說研究結果已被證實，屬于推理過度。

49.【選項釋義】

Thesubjectsoftheresearch________.該研究的對象________。

A.donotliveinLondonpermanentlyA.并非長期居住在倫敦

B.regularlyreportedtheirdrinkinghabitsB.定期報告他們的飲酒習慣

C.wereskepticaloftheMRIresultsC.對磁共振成像的結果持懷疑態(tài)度