專題1 閱讀理解：細(xì)節(jié)理解題-高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

2022二輪復(fù)習(xí)專用細(xì)節(jié)理解題考前4天專題一：閱讀理解一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式細(xì)節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息。常見的命題方式有：1．特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問(wèn)詞開頭引出的問(wèn)題。2．判斷是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue/false或EXCEPT等的判斷是非的問(wèn)題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。3．以“Accordingto...”開頭的提問(wèn)形式。4．填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom__________.此類題目相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，只要考生認(rèn)真并且細(xì)心，得分就會(huì)比較容易。設(shè)問(wèn)方式二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)的特征1．同義替換。對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork。有時(shí)候詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important改成ofimportance；改變?cè)闹芯渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。2．語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。3．正話反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。正確選項(xiàng)細(xì)節(jié)理解題無(wú)論以怎樣的方式提問(wèn)，考生都要記住一個(gè)解題原則——“文本主義”，一切從原文出發(fā)，無(wú)需讀很多段落甚至全文后去歸納總結(jié)、分析推理，正確答案就對(duì)應(yīng)原文的某一處具體信息。第一步審讀題干和選項(xiàng)，回到原文定信息區(qū)間通過(guò)題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞找到定位點(diǎn)，開始精讀文章直到下一題的定位區(qū)域出現(xiàn)。只有兩種情況需要向上找尋信息：定位到的信息為數(shù)字串，或舉例說(shuō)明部分；出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞(therefore,so,asaresult)或代詞(that,these,it)。第二步將選項(xiàng)和原文一一對(duì)比，求同排異定答案利用“同義原則”，找出原文中與正確選項(xiàng)匹配的同義詞組，將原文出現(xiàn)的信息和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對(duì)，確定正確選項(xiàng)。做任何閱讀理解題都不是找感覺(jué)，本質(zhì)上是找同義詞，解題時(shí)找出的同義詞組越多，答案就越準(zhǔn)確，這是解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題的基本方法?；炯记?.事實(shí)信息題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題常在應(yīng)用文中出現(xiàn)，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動(dòng)安排類、書籍電影介紹類、演出信息類等。題目一般就文中的某一具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)題，設(shè)問(wèn)方式多為以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句，在原文中可直接找到答案。1.事實(shí)信息題——題干定位法事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解，“題干定位法”是做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本的也是最常用的方法：第一步：根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容提取關(guān)鍵信息定位詞。定位詞主要是題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞和數(shù)詞等，即問(wèn)題的核心信息。在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞，找出相關(guān)的句子；第二步：運(yùn)用跳讀、略讀技巧快速在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞，迅速定位原文，找出相關(guān)的句子；第三步：分析比對(duì)選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)，得出正確答案。1.事實(shí)信息題——題干定位法(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ·A)Lostproperty(失物招領(lǐng))CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7：30amto5：00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.22．Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A．Altandi. B．RomaStreet.C．VarsityLakes.

D．FortitudeValley.1.事實(shí)信息題——真題體驗(yàn)【答案】

B【解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息詞thelostpropertyoffice和whichstation定位Lostproperty部分中的信息詞located。由此可知，在RomaStreet你可以找到失物招領(lǐng)辦公室。故選B。1.事實(shí)信息題——真題體驗(yàn)(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ，A)

The

AudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan，aboutQueenElizabethⅡoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W．45thSt.212-239-6200.)22．WhoisthedirectorofThe

Audience?A．HelenMirren. B．PeterMorgan.C．DylanBaker.

D．StephenDaldry.1.事實(shí)信息題——真題體驗(yàn)【答案】

D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問(wèn)的是“誰(shuí)執(zhí)導(dǎo)了The

Audience？”關(guān)鍵信息詞是director。據(jù)此可快速定位該部分中的“StephenDaldrydirects.”，選出答案D。1.事實(shí)信息題——真題體驗(yàn)(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·C篇)Inastudydescribingthetechnology，theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive，plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B．It’llreachconsumerssoon.C．It’llbemadeofplastics.D．It’llhelpspeeduptyping.1.事實(shí)信息題——真題體驗(yàn)【答案】

B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干“研究者對(duì)于智能鍵盤有什么期望”及關(guān)鍵詞“expect”與最后一句中“hope”的呼應(yīng)，可直接定位到最后一句話“該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望在不久的將來(lái)，將智能鍵盤推向市場(chǎng)”。故選B。1.事實(shí)信息題——真題體驗(yàn)2.間接信息題考查間接信息題時(shí)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。常用方式是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語(yǔ)言(詞匯和句式結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，或者把文中信息整合歸納，來(lái)表達(dá)相同的意思。2.間接信息題——斷章取義法在做間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)所找信息，分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)比其中所用詞匯，以及表達(dá)方式，最后確定選項(xiàng)。第一步：閱讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵詞；第二步：定位題干關(guān)鍵詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式(同義詞、近義詞、釋義等)，或者對(duì)原文的概括歸納，鎖定原文相關(guān)信息；第三步：利用正確選項(xiàng)特征，確定答案。正確選項(xiàng)特征：(1)用同義或近義詞(組)復(fù)現(xiàn)。(2)同根詞或原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(3)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化或?qū)υ母爬w納。簡(jiǎn)化原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，或者用一句話概括歸納，并設(shè)置為答案。(4)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)。2.間接信息題——斷章取義法(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ·C)Asaresult，shesays，someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning，suchasrunner’sknee，areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips，sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact，anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique，shesays.Ittakessomepractice.30．WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A．Gettingexperts’opinions.

B．Havingamedicalcheckup.C．Hiringanexperiencedcoach.

D．Doingregularexercises.2.間接信息題——真題體驗(yàn)【答案】

A【解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Dr.Norberg說(shuō)的話“Infact，anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique”(事實(shí)上，任何想嘗試競(jìng)走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募记?可知，Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競(jìng)走的人征詢專家的建議。選項(xiàng)A.Gettingexperts’opinions.與文中consultacoachorexperiencedracer相一致。故選A項(xiàng)。2.間接信息題——真題體驗(yàn)

(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ，A)SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機(jī)會(huì))ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram，studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService，itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.23．Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A．JobsforYouth.

B．SummerCompany.C．StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.

D．SummerEmploymentOpportunities.2.間接信息題——真題體驗(yàn)【答案】

D【解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞thedisabled與根據(jù)文章的最后一句“personswithadisability”是同義詞語(yǔ)，由此句可知，SummerEmploymentOpportunities對(duì)殘疾人放寬了年齡限制，給予了特殊照顧。故選D。2.間接信息題——真題體驗(yàn)(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀B)Ofthecommonberries，strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC，although，becauseoftheirseeds，raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì))，ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein)．Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì))．TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃)，theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However，theyarerichinvitaminC.

24．Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A．Theycontainprotein.

B．TheyarehighinvitaminA.C．Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D．Theyarerichinantioxidants.2.間接信息題——真題體驗(yàn)【答案】

C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句可知，應(yīng)該選C項(xiàng)，櫻桃很美味。haveapleasanttaste與besodelicious表義相同，屬于同義替換。2.間接信息題——真題體驗(yàn)3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題既然是閱讀理解題，數(shù)字計(jì)算題并不是真正考查考生的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算能力，主要仍是考查考生對(duì)文中涉及一些數(shù)字的某部分和題干的理解能力，數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算方面是很基礎(chǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單的。3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題——查讀分析法1．審明題干要求，提取題干中的關(guān)鍵詞尋讀原文，同時(shí)標(biāo)記數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等相關(guān)信息。2．弄清題干詢問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)與原文數(shù)據(jù)的邏輯關(guān)系，并進(jìn)行加減乘除計(jì)算。3．特殊信息詞應(yīng)注意：(1)特殊數(shù)字：decade十年；fortnight兩周；double兩倍；couple兩個(gè)；score二十；dozen十二。(2)特殊詞匯：off削價(jià)，減價(jià)；discount折扣。(2018·江蘇高考·A篇)Admission$25.00recommendedforadults，$12.00recommendedforstudents，includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊)onthesameday；freeforchildrenunder12withanadult....56．Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A．$12. B．$37.

C．$50. D．$62.3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題——真題體驗(yàn)【答案】

C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Howmuch和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00recommendedforadults，$12.00recommendedforstudents，includestheMainBuildingandTheCloistersonthesameday；freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.”可知，成人票價(jià)25美元，12歲以下兒童在大人的陪同下免費(fèi)。因而11歲的女孩和其父母只需支付兩張成人票款即可。通過(guò)計(jì)算可知答案應(yīng)為C項(xiàng)。

3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題——真題體驗(yàn)4.細(xì)節(jié)排序題細(xì)節(jié)排序題一般就是要求考生把所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)按語(yǔ)篇中事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后順序進(jìn)行排序。4.細(xì)節(jié)排序題——首尾排除法第一步：審讀題干，根據(jù)原文和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，首先確定首和尾；第二步：根據(jù)首尾，排除掉部分選項(xiàng)，縮小范圍。如排序內(nèi)容較少，一般即可快速得出答案；第三步：如排序內(nèi)容較多，再查看剩余選項(xiàng)的異同處，進(jìn)一步縮小范圍，以確定答案。4.細(xì)節(jié)排序題——首尾排除法(2020·北京海淀一模)EarlyFebruary，IwasflyinguptoOhio.Wellprepared，Ihadeverythinginmyfavour—fuelforfivehours，chartsinorder，myflightplanonmylap，andabeautifulclearsky.Iwaswrong.IhadheardaboutAlbertaClipperscomingoutofCanada.Iknewallaboutthem—howanentireairmasswasstreamingalongatoversixtymilesanhour.Thatmorning，theWeatherBrieferinformedmethatanAlbertaClipperwasgoingoverChicagoaboutthetimeIgottotheairport.Chicagowassome400milesfrommydestination—notafactor，orsoIthought.ThatwasthefirsthintImissed.ThecontrollercalledandaskedifIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Ididthecheckandeverythingwasinthegreen.SoItoldhimno.TwentyminuteslaterthecontrollercalledagainaskingwhetherIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Icheckedeverything.Allwasfine.Iignoredthathint.Iwasfooledbythesmoothairandlimitedexperiencewitharapidlymovingairmassthatwasnotchangingviolently.TheAlbertaClipperwasclippingalong.4.細(xì)節(jié)排序題——真題體驗(yàn)Thatmorning，theWeatherBrieferinformedmethatanAlbertaClipperwasgoingoverChicagoaboutthetimeIgottotheairport.Chicagowassome400milesfrommydestination—notafactor，orsoIthought.ThatwasthefirsthintImissed.ThecontrollercalledandaskedifIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Ididthecheckandeverythingwasinthegreen.SoItoldhimno.TwentyminuteslaterthecontrollercalledagainaskingwhetherIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Icheckedeverything.Allwasfine.Iignoredthathint.Iwasfooledbythesmoothairandlimitedexperiencewitharapidlymovingairmassthatwasnotchangingviolently.TheAlbertaClipperwasclippingalong.Thefirstblastofturbulence(氣流)struckmyplane.Igotslammedintotheroof，andthenslammedsidewayshittingthewindowwithsuchforceupmynosethatIstartedbleeding.Aftera2-hourflightof100miles，Irealizedfuelwasnowanissue.Sowaslanding.IcalledFlightFollowing.WefiguredouttheairportIcouldland.4.細(xì)節(jié)排序題——真題體驗(yàn)Theenginestopped.Sodidmyheart.Thereisnoquietasquietlystunningasthisoneatsuchanaltitude.Ihadrunoutoffuelinthelefttank，andonlyalittleinmyrighttank.Theenginequitforasecondtime.Ideclaredanemergency.IwastoldthatImightgetanotherfewminutesoffuelifIgentlybankedtheairplane.Luckily，itworked.Then，theenginequitforthelasttime.Iwasaglidernow.Imadealonglazyspiraldescent.DownIwent.Istoppedattheveryendoftherunway.Imadesomanymistakes，missedsomanyclues，andshowedmyignorancesomuchthatIbeatmyselfupoverandoveragaininmymind.IlearnedtextbookdescriptionsofAlbertaClippersandreal-lifeexperiencewithonearetotallydifferent.Iwillneverforgetthesoundofthatsilence.Iflewhomethenextday.Older.Wiser.Humbler.Lucky.4.細(xì)節(jié)排序題——真題體驗(yàn)36．whichistherightorderoftheevent?a．Ideclaredanemergency.b．Myairplanewasrunningoutoffuel.c．Iinsistedoncarryingonmyflightplan.d．Iwasthrowntotheroofbytheviolentairmass.e．Islightlybankedmyairplaneandmadealanding.A．dcbea B．dcebaC．cdabe D．cdbae4.細(xì)節(jié)排序題——真題體驗(yàn)【答案】

D【解析】