電氣安全培訓(xùn)PPT（89中英文）

ELECTRICALSAFETY電氣安全1Currentflowthroughthebody電流通過人體體Yourbodyactslikeaconductor.你的身體是一一個導(dǎo)體Mostcommonpathusuallyinvolvesheart&lungs.一般路線會經(jīng)經(jīng)過心臟和肺肺2ElectricalInjuries電的傷害Therearefourmaintypesofelectricalinjuries:電傷害的主要要類型：Direct直接的:Electrocutionordeathduetoelectricalshock電死或電擊致致死Electricalshock電擊Burns電灼傷Indirect–Falls間接－墜落3Theeffectsthatelectricshockwillhaveonanindividualwilldependuponthetypeofcircuit,itsvoltage,resistanceamperage,thepathwaythroughthebody,andthedurationofthecontact.Electricshockproducedbyalternatingcurrentsofpowerlinefrequency(normally50Hertz)passingfromhandtofootforonesecondcanproducethefollowingeffects:觸電對人體產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的危害要要視電路的類類型，電壓，，電阻大小，，(相同電流交流流比直流危險險,電壓越高越危危險,電阻越小越危危險).電流流經(jīng)人體體的路線以及及接觸持續(xù)的的時間而定(胸至手,手至腳最危險險;手至手,背或臀至手比比較危險;電流經(jīng)過大腦腦時相當(dāng)危險險;腳至腳危險性性較小)。由電源線（（通常為50赫茲）的交流流電從手流到到腳1秒鐘的的觸電會產(chǎn)生生以下的后果果：TheEffectsOfElectricalShock觸電的結(jié)果40.7~1milliamp-(LADY-MEN)barelyperceptible.0.7~1毫安－剛能覺覺察到（手指指麻刺）9-25milliamps-Interruptionofmuscularcontrol.9-25毫安－對肌肉肉的自控中斷斷（手迅速麻麻痹，呼吸困困難）milliamps-interruptionofheartfunction75毫安－心臟功功能中斷（心心室開始顫動動）amps-Immediatecardiacarrest4安培－心博立立即停止TheEffectsOfElectricalShock觸電的結(jié)果5Secondaryinjuriesarefrequentlyassociatedwithelectricalshock.Theseinjuriesarenormallyassociatedwithfallsorcollisionsrelatedtotheelectricalshockcausinginvoluntarymusclereactions.Obviously,inthecaseoffallstheresultcanalsobefatal.電還會經(jīng)常引引發(fā)二次傷害害。這類傷害害通常與因觸觸電引起肌肉肉不自覺的反反射而跌倒或或碰撞相關(guān)。。顯然，如果果跌倒的話，，也會引起傷傷害甚至死亡亡。6內(nèi)容綜述：Today’’stopicsinclude:雷電Lightning電動工具electricalHandTools配線及插座Wring&ExtensionCords接地/接零電電流保護(hù)EarthLeakageProtection臨時用電設(shè)施施ElectricalTemporaryFacilities系統(tǒng)掛牌、加加鎖lockout/Tagout其它要求Additionrequirement7雷電LIGHTNING8Lightningclassification直擊雷Directclashlightning靜電感應(yīng)雷Staticinductionlightning電磁感應(yīng)雷Magneticinductionlightning雷擊分類9Lightning’scharacteristics完全不可預(yù)測測Totallyunpredictable極高的能量Highenergy雷電的危害Lightning’sharm人身傷亡Humaninjuries電力中斷、設(shè)設(shè)備及建筑物物損壞Poweroutage&equipment,buildingsdamage火災(zāi)及爆炸Fires&explosions雷電的特性10Rulesofthumbs––estimatingthedistancebetweenyouandalightningflash看見閃電和聽聽到雷聲之間間的時間/你你和雷電之間間的距離SecondsBetweenSeeingLightningandHearingtheThunder/5=Distance(miles)記?。豪纂娍煽梢該糁?0英里外的物物體Remember:Itcanstrikeasfaras10milesfromthestormcloud.1英里=1.609千米經(jīng)驗——估計計你和雷電之之間的距離11告訴你的上級級和你的同事事Tellyoursupervisorandyourco-workers.主管必須采取取所有必要的的預(yù)防措施保保護(hù)工人Thesupervisormusttakeallprecautionsnecessarytoprotecttheworkers.把有關(guān)防雷的的緊急程序納納入工作計劃劃的一部分Prepareanemergencyprocedureaspartofthejobplan.當(dāng)看到閃電或或聽到雷聲時時，你應(yīng)該Do’swhenyouseethelightningorhearthethunder12進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)，或或車內(nèi)Getindoors,orinsideacar.遠(yuǎn)離門窗，避避免與任何金金屬物接觸Stayawayfromwindowsanddoors,avoidcontactwithanyconductors.避免使用電話話，除非是無無繩電話或移移動電話Avoidusingthetelephoneunlessitisacordlessorcellularphone.當(dāng)雷電來臨時時，保護(hù)你自自己Whenlightningcomes,protectyourself13卸除你的工具具帶，手中不不要拿任何東東西Removeyourtoolbeltanddon’tholdanyobjectsinyourhands.遠(yuǎn)離樹木和水水Stayawayfromtreesandwater.蹲下并使雙腳腳盡量靠緊.Putyourfeetasclosetogetheraspossibleandcrouchdown.除了腳以外，，不要讓你身身體的任何部部分接觸到大大地Donotletanypartofyourbodyotherthanyourfeetcontacttheground如果你沒法進(jìn)進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)Ifyoucannotgetindoors14手持電動工具具ELECTRICALPOWEREDHANDTOOLS15確定你已接受受足夠的可以以安全使用工工具的訓(xùn)練Ensurethatyouhavebeenproperlytrainedtousethetoolsafely.保證工具的完完善(外殼,手柄柄,負(fù)荷線,插頭,開關(guān)關(guān)等)Ensurethetool’’sintegrity.使用合理的插插頭Ensureelectricalcords,connectionsandplugsareproper.在使用手持電電動工具前應(yīng)應(yīng)做些什么?Whatshouldyoudobeforeusingpoweredhandtools?16每次使用前Priortoeachuse.檢查其外表是是否有裂紋或或其他損傷Checktheoutsideforcracksorotherdamages.檢查導(dǎo)線是否否損壞，檢查查插頭是否有有裂紋或插針針錯誤Inspectthecordsfordefects.Inspecttheplugforcracksandforfaultyprongs.Note:Portableelectricalequipmentshouldnotbepickeduporcarriedbyitspowercord.手提式電氣設(shè)設(shè)備的電源線線不能作提起起或搬運用。。何時/如何檢檢查電動工具具?Whenandhowshouldyouinspectpoweredhandtools?17馬上換掉———不要““使用”Replaceitimmediately–labelthetoolwith““donotuse””清楚的標(biāo)示示Markitclearly.工具必須交交給合格的的人員修理理Havetoolsrepairedbyaqualifiedperson.當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)工具具損壞時如如何處理？？Whatshouldyoudoifyoufindatooldefective?18當(dāng)有連續(xù)的的火花產(chǎn)生生或?qū)Ь€過過熱時應(yīng)立立即檢查Checkimmediatelyifthecordfeelsmorethancomfortablywarmoratoolissparkingexcessively.在調(diào)整和更更換附件時時應(yīng)斷開電電源Disconnectthepowersupplybeforemakingadjustmentsorchangingaccessories.使用時，導(dǎo)導(dǎo)線遠(yuǎn)離工工具，只能能用經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)的合格插插座Duringuse,keeppowercordsclearoftools.Usetheapprovedextensioncordsonly.使用手持電電動工具時時Whenyouusethepoweredhandtools19將工具存放放于干燥，，安全的地地方Storetoolsinadry,securelocation.不要采用拔拔扯電源線線的方法斷斷開電源Donotdisconnectthepowersupplybypullingorjerkingthecord.在潮濕環(huán)境境使用時應(yīng)應(yīng)小心，保保持手的干干燥Takecarewhenuseelectrictoolsinwetconditions.Keepyourhandsdry.X使用手持電電動工具時時Whenyouusethepoweredhandtools20當(dāng)使用插座座提供臨時時電源線時時Whenyouusetheextensioncords插座只可用用于提供臨臨時電源Extensioncordsmayonlybeusedtoprovidetemporarypower.每次使用前前檢查Inspectthembeforeanyuse.插座電源線線必須為三三芯或五芯芯Extensioncordsmustbeofthethree-wireorfive-wiretypes.現(xiàn)場制作的的插座電源源線須由合合格人員完完成Job-madeextensioncordsmayonlybebuiltbyqualifiedpersons.必須使用接接地保護(hù)短短路器Ground-faultcircuitinterruptermustbeused.使用時避免免損壞Preventdamagewhenyouusethem.21ToolSafetyTips電動工具使使用小知識識Useglovesandappropriatefootwear使用手套和和適當(dāng)?shù)男琒toreindryplacewhennotusing當(dāng)不用時存存儲在干燥燥的地方Don’tuseinwet/dampconditions不要在潮濕濕環(huán)境里使使用Keepworkingareaswelllit作業(yè)區(qū)域有有足夠的照照明Ensurenotatrippinghazard確保沒有絆絆倒危險Don’tcarryatoolbythecord不要搬動被被束縛的工工具Don’tyankthecordtodisconnectit拆除連接時時不要拽電電源線Keepcordsawayfromheat,oil,&sharpedges避免電線接接觸熱，油油和鋒利的的邊緣Disconnectwhennotinuseandwhenchangingaccessoriessuchasblades&bits不用時或更更換附件如如刀片時拆拆除連接Removedamagedtoolsfromuse禁止使用損損壞的工具具22接地故障斷斷路器GroundFaultCircuitInterrupter23Grounding接地/接零Groundingcreatesalow-resistancepathfromatooltotheearthtodisperseunwantedcurrent.接地在工具具和地面之之間形成低低阻路徑，，分散不需需要的電流流Whenashortorlightningoccurs,energyflowstotheground,protectingyoufromelectricalshock,injuryanddeath.發(fā)生短路或或閃電時，，能量流入入地面，避避免人觸電電/受傷/死亡。2425人員安全Safetyofpersonnel.配電回路的的安全Safetyofpowerdistributioncircuit.減少短路造造成的事故故Minimizestheaccidentcausedbyelectricalfaults.接地故障斷斷路器保護(hù)的目的的PurposesofGroundFaultCircuitInterrupter26接地故障斷斷路器保護(hù)護(hù)應(yīng)用于TN-S接零系統(tǒng)TheGroundFaultCircuitInterruptershouldonlybeusedinTN-Ssystem.保證上下極極動作的選選擇性Ensuretheselectivecharacteristics.保證接線的的正確性Ensurethecorrectwiringmethod.保證選擇正正確的規(guī)格格Ensuretherightchoiceofrating.注意Attention:27臨時用電設(shè)設(shè)施TEMPORARYELECTRICALFACILITIES28承包商應(yīng)遵遵守當(dāng)?shù)卣块T頒頒發(fā)的所有有相關(guān)規(guī)定定。例如：：《施工現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場臨時用用電安全技技術(shù)規(guī)范》》JGJ46-2005Contractorswillcomplywithallrelevantrulesasissuedbylocalauthorities,suchas““SiteSafetyTechnicalSpecificationsforTemporaryPowerSupply””JGJ46-2005建筑施工現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場采訪臨臨時用電工工程中性點點直接接地地的三相四四線低壓電電力系統(tǒng),必須符合下下列規(guī)定:采用三級配配電系統(tǒng)采用TN-S接零保護(hù)系系統(tǒng)采用二級漏漏電保護(hù)系系統(tǒng)總體要求Generalrequestforthepowersupply:29施工現(xiàn)場臨臨時用電設(shè)設(shè)備在5臺及以上或或設(shè)備總?cè)萑萘吭?0KW及以上者,應(yīng)編制用電電組織設(shè)計計.所有從事電電氣工作的的人員，包包括臨時供供電或接線線作業(yè)的人人員應(yīng)具備備當(dāng)?shù)卣块T頒發(fā)發(fā)的有效的的電工操作作證書。AllpersonsengagedinelectricalworkinvolvingatemporarypowersupplyorassociatedwiringshallpossessavalidElectriciansCertificateissuedbythelocalauthority.總體要求Generalrequestforthepowersupply:30AllTemporaryPowerSupplyequipment,facilitiesandwiringshallbeselectedasperthevoltagelevelofthesuppliedelectricalpower.AllassociatedelectricalcomponentsshallsatisfytherequirementsasindicatedinassociatedNationalSpecificationsandStandards.Threephasesandfive-wiresystemshallbeusedforlowvoltagetemporarypowersupply.所有臨時用用電設(shè)備，，設(shè)施和線線路必須按按供電電壓壓正確選用用，所有有有關(guān)的電氣氣元器件必必須滿足相相關(guān)的國家家規(guī)范和標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，，臨時用電電電源和有有關(guān)的線路路必須嚴(yán)格格遵守電氣氣施工和安安裝規(guī)范。。低壓臨時時用電設(shè)施施采用三相相五線制31Alltemporarypower(Allportabletoolsdrivenbyelectrical)facilitiesshallhavesuitableleakageandgroundingprotectionandbeoperatedinamodeof““Onetool,oneswitch”.Theratingoftheelectriccurrentoftheleakageprotection/groundingdeviceshallnotgreaterthan30mAandtheactiontimemustbelessthan0.1s.Bypassingfusesorusingordinarywireinsteadoffusewireisstrictlyforbidden。所有的臨時時用電設(shè)施施(包括便攜式式電動工具具)應(yīng)有合適的的漏電保護(hù)護(hù)器和接地地保護(hù)。并并且實行““一閘一機(jī)一一保護(hù)”,開關(guān)箱漏電電保護(hù)器動動作電流應(yīng)應(yīng)不超過30毫安，且反反應(yīng)時間應(yīng)應(yīng)小于0.1秒。嚴(yán)禁用用普通電線線代替保險險絲.32電箱設(shè)置一般以三級級配電,即即總配電箱箱,分配電電箱,開關(guān)關(guān)箱.分開關(guān)箱與與開關(guān)箱距距離不得超超過30m,開關(guān)箱與用用電設(shè)備不不宜超過3m,配電箱應(yīng)裝裝設(shè)在干燥燥,通風(fēng)的的常溫場所所.箱體應(yīng)采用用冷軋鋼板板或阻燃絕絕緣材料制制作,固定定式下底與與地1.4m~1.6m,移動式的0.8m~1.6m,一般固定式式電箱要重重復(fù)接地,電箱必須須防雨,防防潮,防塵塵.33PowerDistributionBoxmustbeweatherproofed34臨時電源箱箱的低壓出出線及其它它臨時用電電線路，應(yīng)應(yīng)采用絕緣緣良好的橡橡皮軟導(dǎo)線線；在地下下敷設(shè)時，，每隔20米清晰的標(biāo)標(biāo)記所有地地下電纜的的走向。如如架空敷設(shè)設(shè)時，可選選用絕緣導(dǎo)導(dǎo)線，嚴(yán)禁禁采用裸線線。電纜不不能直接敷敷設(shè)在地上上，保證電電纜不直接接接觸地面面。Lowvoltageoutgoingcablefromtemporarypowersupplysubstationandothertemporarypowersupplywiringshallbeofsoftrubbertypewithsoundinsulation.Whenitisnecessarytobelaidonorunderground,rubbersleevecableshallbeused.Allundergroundcablesshallbeclearlymarkedwithredandwhiteconcretemarkersatthesurfaceatintervalsof20m.Whenitistobelaidoverhead,insulationcableshallbeselected,bareleadisstrictlyforbidden.Cablesshallnotbelaiddirectlyonthegroundbutshallbesupportedbypoleswithsufficientspacingtoensurecabledoesnottouchtheground.電纜線要求求35Temporarypowercable,whencablescrossingaroadmustbeguardedbyinstallingasteelprotectionsleeve.Protectionmeasuresshallbetakeninplaceswhereembeddedcablescouldbesubjecttomechanicaldamage.臨時時用用電電線線路路穿穿過過馬馬路路的的電電纜纜應(yīng)應(yīng)安安裝裝金金屬屬保保護(hù)護(hù)套套管管。。埋埋地地電電纜纜在在可可能能受受到到機(jī)機(jī)械械損傷傷的的區(qū)區(qū)域域應(yīng)應(yīng)采采取取保保護(hù)護(hù)措措施施Alltemporarypowersupplycablesandwiringmusthavesoundinsulation,propersplicesandbereliablyconnected,andshallnotbelaidinplaceswheretheycouldsustaindamageorcreateahazardouscondition.i.e.tooclosetosteampipeline.所有有臨臨時時用用電電電電纜纜和和配配線線要要有有可可靠靠的的絕絕緣緣，，正正確確的的接接線線，，可可靠靠的的連連接接，，并并且且不不得得敷敷設(shè)設(shè)在在可可能能遭遭到到傷傷害害或或產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生生危危險險的的地地方方，，例例如如太太靠靠近近蒸蒸氣氣管管線線電纜纜線線要要求求36電纜纜需需有有過過路路保保護(hù)護(hù)Noproperprotectionforpowercablecrosstheroadsurface37Cablecrossroadprotection√Touseappropriatecablecoverageacrosstheroad38電箱箱內(nèi)內(nèi)電電器器應(yīng)應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)具具有有電電源源隔隔離離,短路路,過載載及及漏漏電電保保護(hù)護(hù)功功能能Ifacircuitisopenedbythetrippingofaprotectivedevicesuchasafuse,circuitbreaker,donotresetthecircuituntilyouhaveidentifiedandresolvedtheproblem.Insomecases,itmaybenecessaryfora““Qualified””persontoinvestigateandcorrectthesituation.Protectivedevicesinacircuitarethereforapurposeandarenottobedefeated,modified,orbypassedeventemporarily.若電電熔熔絲絲熔熔斷斷、、斷斷路路器器等等保保護(hù)護(hù)裝裝置置的的跳跳閘閘而而斷斷開開時時，，在在找找出出原原因因和和解解決決故故障障之之前前，，不不要要重重新新接接通通電電路路。。有有時時，，可可能能需需要要請請專專業(yè)業(yè)人人員員到到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場場尋尋找找原原因因并并解解決決問問題題。。電電路路中中的的保保護(hù)護(hù)裝裝置置在在電電路路中中都都是是有有它它的的用用途途，，不不能能隨隨意意修修改改或或被被短短接接，，即即使使臨臨時時這這樣樣做做也也不不行行。。電箱箱內(nèi)內(nèi)電電器器要要求求39AllTemporaryPowerSupplyandDistributionpanelsandcabinetsonsiteshallbeproperlynumberedandequippedwithrainprotection.Thedoorsofalltemporarypowersupplycabinetsandpanelsshallbefirmlyclosedandallincome/outcomecableoftemporarypowersupplycabinetshallbecorrectlyandneatlylaidout。現(xiàn)場上所所有臨時時用電設(shè)設(shè)施、配配電盤和和配電柜柜應(yīng)正確確編號并并配備防防雨保護(hù)護(hù)設(shè)施。。所有臨臨時用電電配電柜柜和配電電盤的門門應(yīng)關(guān)閉閉好，所所有臨時時配電盤盤/柜的進(jìn)線線/出線應(yīng)正正確地和和整潔地地敷設(shè)。。Thevoltageofanyportablelampshallnotexceed36V.Whileworkinginextraordinarydampandwetworkenvironmentsorinsidemetalequipmentsuchasprocessvessels,containerortanks,thevoltageofthetemporaryportablelampshallnotexceed12V.任何一個個手提燈燈的電壓壓不應(yīng)超超出36V。當(dāng)在特別別潮濕的的環(huán)境或或在金屬屬設(shè)備如如工藝塔塔、容器器、集裝裝箱或罐罐內(nèi)工作作時，臨臨時手提提燈的電電壓不應(yīng)應(yīng)超過12V電箱內(nèi)電電器要求求40一個重要要原則是是：盡可可能減小小被損害害的可能能Oneofthemostimportantprincipleis:minimizetheriskofdamageaspracticalaspossible.臨時電纜纜Temporarycabling41與項目其其他永久久電纜及及設(shè)施之之間至少少2米凈凈距Aminimum2mseparationwithanypermanentprojectcablingorotherservices.高壓電纜纜埋深：：-0.8米；；低壓電電纜埋深深：-0.7米ForHVcablesdepth:-0.8mminimum;LVcables:-0.７mminimum.所有電纜纜宜沿途途采用標(biāo)標(biāo)記Allthecablesshouldbeproperlymarkedalongtherouting.地下電纜纜UndergroundCable42如果不可可避免，，電纜與與道路的的凈距為為：Ifitisunavoidable,thecleanheightabovetheroadandroutecrossingsare:當(dāng)?shù)缆愤^過車時，，6.0米6.0m,wheretheroadsandroutesaredesignatedforusebyvehiculartraffic.當(dāng)?shù)缆方管囕v輛通行時時，3.5米地上電纜纜應(yīng)采取取措施固固定，并并盡可能能避開人人行道、、扶梯、、樓梯等等Abovegroundcablesshallbefixedonsite,andbeinstalledclearofpassageways,ladders,stairetc.wherepossible.地上電纜纜AboveGroundCable43地上電纜纜應(yīng)纏繞繞黃/黑黑色膠帶帶Abovegroundcablesshallbelabeledwithyellow/blackcoloredtapes.與管道設(shè)設(shè)施保持持最少150厘厘米的間間距Keepdistancewithpipedservices,ataminimumof150mm.經(jīng)常移動動的電纜纜應(yīng)采用用重型氯氯丁橡膠膠電纜或或類似功功能電纜纜Frequentlymovedcablesshallbeflexibleheavy-dutyneoprenerubbertypeorequivalent.地上電纜纜AboveGroundCable44低壓接地地系統(tǒng)采采用TN-S保護(hù)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng).LVsuppliesearthingsystemshallbearrangedasTN-S.接地網(wǎng)電電阻不應(yīng)應(yīng)大于4歐姆。。接地線線應(yīng)為標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)銅導(dǎo)導(dǎo)體黃綠綠色PVC絕緣，應(yīng)應(yīng)選用合合適規(guī)格格。Theresistanceofearthinggridshallnotexceed4.Earthwiresshallbeofthestandardcopperconductorwithgreen/yellowPVCsheathing,andproperlysized.接地/接接零保護(hù)護(hù)45Transformersubstations所有戶外外型變電電所均應(yīng)應(yīng)滿足戶戶外使用用要求Allthesubstationsusedoutdoorshallmeettheoutdooruserequirements.變壓器連連接組別別應(yīng)為三三角形-星形連連接，低低壓中性性點應(yīng)直直接接地地Transformersshallbeconnecteddelta-starandtheLVneutralpointshallbesolidlyearthed.使用緊湊湊型變電電所時，，保證其其置于水水泥柱基基礎(chǔ)上并并圍以帶帶鎖的圍圍欄Whenusethepackagedsubstations,makesuretheyaremountedonconcreteplinthswithafencedenclosurewithpadlockablegates.使用角桿桿保護(hù)變變電所不不受車輛輛影響，，其與路路邊的距距離宜大大于5米米Thecornerpostsshallprotectthesubstationequipmentfromvehicleimpact.Anditshouldbelocatedatleast5mclearfromtheedgeofanyroad.變電所46Distributionboards(LV)所有戶外外用配電電柜均應(yīng)應(yīng)滿足戶戶外使用用要求Allthedistributionboardsusedoutdoorshallmeettheoutdooruserequirements.回路應(yīng)采采用熔斷斷器或塑塑殼短路路器保護(hù)護(hù)，最大大不超過過355安TheoutgoingcircuitsshallbeprotectedbyfusesorMCCBshavingamaximumratingof355A.分配電盤盤Forthesub-distributionboard應(yīng)有進(jìn)線線開關(guān)Oneincomingswitchshallbeprovidedwith.所有配出出回路均均應(yīng)采用用短路及及漏電電電流保護(hù)護(hù)。最大大不超過過125安Eachoutgoingfeedershallbeprovidedwithshortcircuitandresidualcurrentprotection.Maximumoutgoingfeederratingshallbe125A.配電盤（（低壓））47系統(tǒng)掛牌牌、上鎖鎖SystemLockout/Tagout48系統(tǒng)掛牌牌、加鎖鎖可保護(hù)護(hù)人員、、設(shè)備在在項目建建設(shè)及起起動過程程中不受受危險能能源的危危害，并并為停用用的系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)設(shè)備及及系統(tǒng)提提供信息息Safetytagsandlockoutswillhelptoprotectpersonnelandequipmentformhazardousenergysourcesduringtheconstructionandstartupphaseoftheproject,andalsoprovideadescriptionoftheequipmentcomponentsandsystemsthatareoutofservice.目的Purpose49Twotypesoftags危險———不得操操作/移移除掛掛牌Danger-DoNotOperate/RemoveTag禁止人員員操作、、通電、、或加壓壓設(shè)備及及電氣回回路prohibitingpersonnelformoperating,energizing,orpressurizingequipmentandelectricalcircuits.兩種掛牌牌形式50注意———限制操操作掛牌牌Caution–RestrictedOperationTag控制人員員操作、、通電或或加壓于于設(shè)備或或電路的的方法。。controllingthemethodspersonnelmayusetooperate,energizeorpressurizeequipmentandelectricalcircuits.51ElectricalLock-Out電的鎖定定的要求求Intheeventanelectricalsystemisrequiredtobelocked-out,theSupervisoroftheEmployeerequestingthelock-outmustcontacttheappropriateProjectorUnitpersonnel.QualifiedProjectorUnitpersonnelwillassistwithisolationoftheelectricalsystemsneededtoisolatetheelectricalenergysourceby:在電系系統(tǒng)要要求鎖鎖定的的情況況下，，主管管人員員要求求鎖定定必須須與項項目或或者單單位人人員進(jìn)進(jìn)行適適當(dāng)?shù)牡臏贤ㄍ?，項項目或或單位位有資資格的的人員員將幫幫助隔隔離電電源：：Placingalock-outdeviceontheappropriateisolatingdevice.放一個個鎖定定裝置置在適適當(dāng)?shù)牡母綦x離裝置置上。。Placingacompletedtagoneachlock-outdevicehe/sheplaced.在放鎖鎖定裝裝置上上放一一個有有效的的標(biāo)簽簽52Tryingtooperateequipmentormachinerylocked-outtoassureisolation.試著操操作設(shè)設(shè)備或或機(jī)械械確保保隔離離有效效Removelock-outdevicesandtagslast,afterallworkandotherlock-outdevicesandtagshavebeenremoved.在所有有工作作完成成并且且其它它的鎖鎖定和和標(biāo)簽簽已取取消后后取消消鎖定定和標(biāo)標(biāo)簽。。EachSupervisoroftheanydepartmentworkingwiththeelectricallock-outmustensurethelock-outofthesystembytestingstartbuttonsorswitches.每個工工作要要在電電鎖定定部門門的主主管要要確保保鎖定定系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)經(jīng)過過起動動試驗驗或開開關(guān)試試驗。。ElectricalLock-Out電的鎖鎖定的的要求求53ELECTRICALLOCKOUT電氣開開關(guān)鎖鎖定54注意Requirements加鎖是是好方方法Locksarepreferredmeans.在正確確位置置掛牌牌Usethetaginrightplace.兩種掛掛牌不不可用用于同同一設(shè)設(shè)備Thetwotypesoftagsshallnotbehungonthesamecomponent.決不可可操作作危險險掛牌牌的設(shè)設(shè)備。。NoonemayoperateacomponentwiththeDangerTag.ELECTRICALLOCKOUT電氣開開關(guān)鎖鎖定55其它要要求及及常見見問題題AdditionalRequirementandCommonIssue56對帶電電設(shè)備備進(jìn)行行操作作前，，摘下下首飾飾（如如指環(huán)環(huán)、項項鏈、、手表表、手手鏈等等）。。細(xì)察看看潛在在的危危險：：如潮潮濕的的地板板、不不接地地的擴(kuò)擴(kuò)展電電源線線、磨磨損的的電源源線;將緊急急開關(guān)關(guān)放在在工作作間，，以便便事故故發(fā)生生時，，迅速速切斷斷電源源；如如果有有潛在在的危危險，，請不不要單單獨工工作；；進(jìn)進(jìn)行行檢查查前，，務(wù)必必請斷斷開電電源；；如如果果事故故發(fā)生生，關(guān)關(guān)掉系系統(tǒng)電電源；；報警警；判判斷是是否受受害者者需要要進(jìn)行行人工工呼吸吸，及時尋尋求醫(yī)醫(yī)療幫幫助。。設(shè)備只只允許許經(jīng)培培訓(xùn)合合格的的人員員操作作和維維護(hù)；；系系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)上電電前，，請認(rèn)認(rèn)真閱閱讀安安裝指指南。。帶電作作業(yè)57keepingaprescribedsafedistance(Attachtable)fromexposedenergizedlines,avoidingtheunsafeuseofelectricalequipment,andfollowinglockout/Tag-outprocedures.離開暴暴露的的帶電電線路路保持持規(guī)定定的安安全距距離(附表)，避免免使用用不安安全電電氣設(shè)設(shè)備，，遵守守上鎖鎖或掛掛牌程程序58Attachment附表1.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforcranetopowerlineatfollow:起重機(jī)機(jī)與架架空導(dǎo)導(dǎo)線低低端的的最小小安全全距離離導(dǎo)線電電壓等等級(KV)<1以內(nèi)1035110220330500垂直方方向(m)1.53.04.05.06.07.08.5水平方方向(m)1.52.03.54.06.07.08.52.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceoperatepersonstonakedpowerlineatfollow:操作人人員與與帶電電體的的最小小安全全距離離設(shè)備電電壓等等級(KV)10以內(nèi)20~354460~110154220最小安安全距距離(m)1.5233.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforweldingtonakedpowerlineatfollow:電氣焊焊作業(yè)業(yè)與帶帶電體體的最最小安安全距距離設(shè)備電電壓等等級(KV)110以內(nèi)10以上最小安安全距距離(m)11.534.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforoperatepersonsonpoleortowertonakedpowerlineatfollow:在帶電電線路路的桿桿,塔上作作業(yè)與與帶電電體的的最小小安全全距離離導(dǎo)線電電壓等等級(KV)10以內(nèi)20~354460~110154220最小安安全距距離(m)0.711.21.52359Electricityhastheabilitytoarc,orjumpfromunguardedpowerlinestoanindividualincloseproximitytotheline.Quiteafewpeoplehavebeenkilledorinjuredwhilecarryingapieceofconductiveequipment,suchasaladder,inanelevatedpositionorbybeingincontactwithavehiclethatcomeswithinarcingrangeofanoverheadpowerline.電可產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生電電弧，，能從從未做做防護(hù)護(hù)的電電源線線跳到到附近近的人人身上上。所所以有有人在在高處處扛著著一個個導(dǎo)電電的設(shè)設(shè)備（（如梯梯子））走的的時候候，或或接接觸了了處于于架空空電源源線電電弧范范圍內(nèi)內(nèi)的車車輛，，觸到到電源源線的的電弧弧而死死亡或或受傷傷。60DuringHighpotentialinspectionsonelectricequipment,theareaaroundshouldbeclearandbarricadewithredropes,notauthorizedpersoncannotenter.電氣設(shè)備作耐壓試驗時應(yīng)應(yīng)保持設(shè)備周圍有有安全空間間，人員不可可進(jìn)入，并圍上警示帶，，避免人員誤入。Before,duringandafterDCHighVoltageinspection,workershouldusesuitableelectrographicpenciltotouchtheelectrifiedportionwheretheelectriccanbetouchedbygrounding.直流耐壓實實驗時不論測試前后,人員接觸帶電部份時均應(yīng)先以驗電筆驗電電，以免人員觸電.Shouldassignapersontowatchandkeepotherpeopleasafedistanceaway.需有人員警警戒避免人人員誤接觸造成觸電。61BeforeEnergization,Visuallycheckandmakesuretheconnectionandrelayapparatusareingoodconditionandwithoutanyotherequipmentoncircuit.電氣設(shè)備送送電前以人工目視檢查各輸配電設(shè)備內(nèi)有無異物，各接點連接是否正常常,繼電保護(hù)設(shè)定是否正正確.Anybodyshallbeinformedofemergencyalwayshappening.Whenoperatetheswitchbreakersnostandingoppositethebreakersisallowed.告知每一位位參與者，再好的設(shè)設(shè)備都可能發(fā)生故事，操操作開關(guān)應(yīng)避開正面位置，而以斜角角或側(cè)面方式操作作.62Informalltherelativedepartmentswithofficialnoticesenergizingareasshallbeclearlyshownonthedrawingsandgoodwarningsignssuchasunderenergizationshallbeavailableintheworkingarea.以正式文件件通知相關(guān)單位人員送電危險區(qū)域及電壓等級，並於於明顯處張貼平面圖標(biāo)示已送電區(qū)域，所有送電開關(guān)盤盤面應(yīng)加掛標(biāo)示「送電中危險」。Anyisolationworkforthepowersupplyswitchesshallbesignedwithwarningboardsandlocked.Powersupplyshallbetterbeoff.任何隔離工作必須參考單線圖所示，隔離所有開關(guān)，并加掛告示牌牌及上鎖，最好上一一層電源切斷。63Hazard–ExposedElectricalParts危害-電器器元件的曝曝露Coverremovedfromwiringorbreakerbox電盒蓋被移移走64IsolateElectricalParts-Cabinets,Boxes&Fittings隔離電器元元件-電柜柜,電箱或或及裝置Conductorsgoingintothemmustbeprotected,andunusedopeningsmustbeclosed導(dǎo)體穿過必必須有保護(hù)護(hù),并且不不用的開口口應(yīng)密封65Hazard–OverloadedCircuits電路過載過載會引起起著火66SiteElectricityFacilitiesinBTESCaojing拜耳漕涇現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場的電設(shè)設(shè)施67SiteSubstation現(xiàn)場變電站站68697071TDI項目配電箱箱要求1.外裝插座必必須防水,三相380V插座一箱只只允許裝一一個,單相220V允許裝2個.2.中心點離地地不小于0.8米.3.總電箱及分分配電箱必必須掛明鎖鎖并鎖住.4.電箱有標(biāo)識識,包括單位名名稱,電工姓名,電話及警示示標(biāo)志.5.月檢標(biāo)簽.6.地拖及拖線線盤嚴(yán)禁使使用.72總配電箱73分配電箱74開關(guān)箱外部部要求75電箱的日檢檢查76現(xiàn)場用電設(shè)設(shè)備安全77焊接機(jī)械:電焊機(jī)械應(yīng)應(yīng)放置在防防雨,干燥和通風(fēng)風(fēng)良好的地地方,現(xiàn)場不得有有易燃易爆爆物品.交流弧焊機(jī)機(jī)變壓器的的一次側(cè)電電源線長度度不應(yīng)大于于5米,其電源進(jìn)線線處必須設(shè)設(shè)置防護(hù)罩罩.發(fā)電機(jī)式直直流電焊機(jī)機(jī)的換向器器應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢檢查和維護(hù)護(hù),應(yīng)消除可能能產(chǎn)生的異異常電火花花.電焊機(jī)械開開關(guān)箱中的的漏電保護(hù)護(hù)器必須符符合要求,交流電焊機(jī)機(jī)械應(yīng)配裝裝防二次側(cè)側(cè)觸電保護(hù)護(hù)器.電焊機(jī)機(jī)械械的二次線線應(yīng)采用防防火橡皮護(hù)護(hù)套銅芯軟軟電纜,電纜長度不不應(yīng)大于30m,不得采用金金屬構(gòu)件或或結(jié)構(gòu)鋼筋筋代替二次次線的地線線；使用電焊機(jī)機(jī)械焊接時時必須穿戴戴防護(hù)用品品．嚴(yán)禁露露天冒雨從從事電焊作作業(yè)．現(xiàn)場電氣設(shè)設(shè)備-焊機(jī)使用安