Unit7-8知識梳理-牛津上海版七年級下學(xué)期英語

識梳理識梳理7BU7知識點復(fù)習(xí)I.重點詞匯Ⅰ.Words.1.ableadj.有能力的Sheisanablesecretary.她是一位能干的秘書。2.planetn.行星Theplanetsmovearoundthesun.行星繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。指點迷津:star,planet與satellitestar指恒星，planet指行星，satellite指衛(wèi)星。太陽、地球和月亮就分別屬于這三種。3.pilln.藥丸；藥片Shehadtotakesleepingpillseverynight.她每天夜里都得服安眠藥。4.mealn.餐；一頓飯Theycookedtheirownmeals.他們自己做飯吃。指點迷津：dinner與meal(1)dinner指“正餐（午飯或晚飯）”或“宴會”。Cometodinnerwithustonight.今晚和我們共進晚餐吧。(2)meal指“一餐（一頓飯）”而言。Wehavethreemealsaday.我們每天吃三頓飯。5.hopen.希望；期望v.希望，期望（某事發(fā)生）【友情提示】hope既可作名詞用也可作動詞用，使用時應(yīng)注意區(qū)分。Doyouhaveanyhopethathe'llcome?你覺得他有可能過來嗎？（hope作名詞）Ihopethathewillsucceed.我希望他會成功。（hope作動詞，后接賓語從句）Ihopetoseeyouandyourfamilysoon.我期待不久就能見到你和你的家人。(hope作動詞，后接動詞不定式)6.secretadj.秘密的；保密的Wediscoveredasecretpassagebehindthewall.我們在墻后發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條秘密通道?！就卣埂縮ecretn.秘密：What’sthesecretofbakinggoodbread?烘烤出好面包的秘訣是什么？7.signv.簽（名）；簽字Hesignedhisnameonthecontract.他在合同上簽了名?！就卣埂縮ignn.標(biāo)志：Thesignsays“Noparking”.告示牌上寫著“禁止停車”。8.*sealv.密封Theenvelopewasfirmlysealed.這個信封封得很嚴實?！就卣埂縮ealn.海豹9.everyonepron.每人；人人I'msureeverybodyelsewillagreewithme.我敢說其他人都會同意我的想法?！窘x詞】everybodypron.每人；人人II.重點短語1.talkabout討論；談?wù)?；商談Theauthorlikestotalkabouthiswork.這位作者喜歡談?wù)撟约旱淖髌?。Wecantalkaboutthismatteratthemeeting.我們可以在會上討論這件事情?！窘x詞】discussv.討論2.(be)ableto意為“能夠；有能力”，與can意思相近。You'llbeabletocome,won'tyou?你能來的，對嗎？指點迷津：can與beableto(1)can表示“能力”時，在很多場合都可以和beableto換用。但要表示過去經(jīng)過一番努力才能完成的事情時，只能用beableto?！菊緾anyouspeakanyforeignlanguages?你會說外語嗎？【正】Areyouabletospeakanyforeignlanguages?你會說外語嗎？【正】Thefirespreadtothewholebuildingquicklybuteverybodywasabletoescape.大火迅速蔓延到整幢大樓，但大家都逃了出來?！菊`】Thefirespreadtothewholebuildingquicklybuteverybodycouldescape.(2)beableto比can有更多的變化形式。Whenhegrowsup,hewillbeabletosupporthisfamily.長大后他就能養(yǎng)家了。Frankisill.Hehasn'tbeenabletogotoschoolforaweek.弗蘭克病了，他已經(jīng)有一個星期沒去上學(xué)了。I'msorryfornotbeingabletohelpyouintime.對不起，我未能及時幫你的忙。(3)could經(jīng)常和see,hear,smell,taste,feel,remember,understand等動詞連用。Whenwewentintothehouse,wecouldsmellsomethingburning.進屋時，我們聞到什么東西燒焦了。(不用wasableto)Shespokeinaverylowvoice,butIcouldunderstandwhatshesaid.雖然她講話的聲音很低，但我還是明白了她說的話。(4)在談?wù)摵驼f話時發(fā)生的動作，一般用can而不用beableto。【正】Look!Icanswim.看！我會游泳了！【誤】Look!I'to是“去（某地）”的意思。與goto相比，travelto往往指路上花費的時間相對較長、距離較遠。ShetravelstoEuropethissummer.這個夏天她去歐洲旅行了。4.writedown意為“將……寫下¨。Iwanttowritedownthewords.我想把這些單詞寫下來。7BU8知識點復(fù)習(xí)I.重點詞匯1.enjoyableadj.有樂趣的；使人快樂的；令人愉快的Thetripwasmuchmoreenjoyablethanwehadexpected.這次旅行比我們所預(yù)期的更愉快?！就卣埂縠njoyv.享受……的樂趣enjoyablyadv.愉快地；有趣地【近義詞】pleasantadj.令人愉快的2.*idealadj.理想的，完美的，最合適的Itisanidealdayforapicnic.這是一個外出野餐的好日子?！就卣埂縤dealn.理想Iamlookingforahouseinthecountrybuthaven'tfoundmyidealyet.我正在鄉(xiāng)下找一棟房子，但還沒有找到理想的（房子）。3.conductv.組織；安排Theguideconductedusonatouroftheoldestmuseuminthecountry.導(dǎo)游帶我們游覽了這個國家最古老的博物館。Myauntconductsherbusinessverysuccessfully.我嬸嬸把她的企業(yè)經(jīng)營得很成功?！就卣埂縞onductorn.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者；經(jīng)理；售票員；列車長4.modernadj.現(xiàn)代化的Intheafternoontheywenttoanexhibitionofmodernart.他們下午去參觀了現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)展。Shewearsamoderndress.她穿著一件時髦的禮服?！窘x詞】up-to-dateadj.最新（式）的；現(xiàn)代化的【反義詞】out-of-dateadj.落后的；過時的5.experimentn.實驗，試驗Somepeoplelearnbyexperimentandotherslearnbyexperience.一些人通過實驗學(xué)習(xí)，另一些人則從經(jīng)驗中學(xué)習(xí)。Theteachergaveeachofusapieceofpaperbeforedoingtheexperiment.實驗之前，老師給我們每人發(fā)了一張紙?！就卣埂縠xperimentn.做實驗；做試驗：Somescientistsexperimentonanimals.有些科學(xué)家用動物做試驗。6.organizev.組織；籌備Janeorganizedtheparty.Sheaskedpeopletocomeandboughtthefoodanddrinks.簡組織了這個聚會。她請大家參加，并買了食品和飲料。【拓展】organizationn.組織；構(gòu)成；編制：Theyhavesetupastudentorganization.他們成立了一個學(xué)生組織。7.impossibleadj.不可能存在（或做到）的；不可能的Ican'tcometoday;it’simpossible.今天我不能來，實在是沒有辦法。【反義詞】possibleadj.可能的【拓展】im-是一個常見的反義詞前綴，通常用于以字母p開頭的形容詞前。又如：polite(有禮貌的)→impolite(無禮的；粗魯?shù)?8.necessaryadj.必需的；必要的Sleepingisnecessarytohealth.睡眠對健康是必需的?！痉戳x詞】unnecessaryadj.不必要的9.unnecessaryadj.不需要的；不必要的；多余的Allthoseclothesareunnecessaryonsuchahotday.在這樣一個大熱天，所有那些衣服都不需要了?！痉戳x詞】necessaryadj.必需的；必要的【拓展】un-也是一個反義詞前綴。又如：comfortable（舒適的）→uncomfortable（不舒服的），like（像）→unlike（不像），able(有能力的)→unable(沒有能力的)。10.uninterestingadj.不吸引人的；無趣的；無聊的Hewasabletofinishsuchanuninterestingtask.他終于完成了這項如此乏味的工作。【近義詞】boringadj.乏味的；無趣的【反義詞】interestingadj.有趣的11.yourselvespron.你們自己Didyoumakethesecakesyourselves?這些蛋糕是你們親手做的嗎？Helpyourselvestosandwiches.請你們隨意吃三明治。helponeselftosomething意為“隨便吃，別客氣”。【拓展】yourselfpron.你自己12.ourselvespron.我們自己Wehaveabathroomtoourselves.我們自己有一間浴室。Wehaveboughtourselvesanewhouse.我們給自己買了一棟新房子?！就卣埂縨yselfpron.我自己13.themselvespron.他們自己；她們自己；它們自己Theywenttoseeitforthemselves.他們自己親自去看了。Theteachertoldthechildrentobehavethemselves.老師叫孩子們規(guī)矩一點?！就卣埂縣imselfpron.他自己herselfpron.她自己itselfpron.它自己II.重點短語1.findout意為“查明；弄清楚”。指點迷津:find,findout與lookfor(1)find意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到”，指通過搜索找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)藏匿或遺失的人或物，強調(diào)找到的結(jié)果。Ican'tfindmypen.我找不到我的鋼筆了。(2)findout意為“查明；弄清楚”，指經(jīng)過探聽、詢問、調(diào)查之后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)某物。Pleasefindouttheanswertothequestion.請找出這個問題的答案。Pleasefindoutwhosekeyitis.請查明這是誰的鑰匙。(3)lookfor意為“尋找”，強調(diào)找的過程或動作。-Whatareyoulookingfor?你在找什么？-I'mlookingformywatch.我在找我的手表。2.putup意為“張貼；置……于明顯處”。Theyputupaposterhighonthewall.他們在墻壁的高處張貼了一張海報?！就卣埂縫utup還有其他含義：(1)提高：Theworkersaskedtheirbosstoputuptheirsalaries.工人們要求老板提高他們的工資。(2)給某人提供住宿：Wecanputallofyouupforthenight.我可以安排你們所有人過夜。3.cleanup是“打掃（或清除）干凈”的意思。Youshouldalwayscleanuptheroom.你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常清理房間。【拓展】clean-upn.（口語）掃除；清掃Theclean-upbeganimmediatelyinthestreetafterthetyphoonwentaway.臺風(fēng)過后，清掃大街的工作馬上就展開了。Exemplify（例題分析）Exemplify（例題分析）I. Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福? )1. Thereis______breadinthefridge.Goandgetsome.(★)few B)afew C)little D)alittle( )2. Wearegladthatwehavelearned______fromourparents.(★★)many B)little C)much D)alotof( )3. Jim’sbikeisthenewest______allunderthetree.(★)in B)of C)between D)from( )4. Sheis______youngerthanhersister.(★)too B)much C)so D)very( )5. Mary’smotherlooks_______,andshecooks______.(★★)nicely,well B)nice,good C)nicely,good D)nice,well( )6. ______knowswhathappenedyesterday.(★)Anybody B)Somebody C)Nobody D)Everybody( )7. Stop______andlet’sdoourhomework.(★★)watchingTV B)watchTV C)towatchTV D)watch( )8. Thisshirtistooexpensive.Wouldyoupleaseshowme______.(★★)another B)theother C)other D)others( )9. Janehashad______foodand______vegetables.That’stoobad.(★)toomany...tofew B)toomany...toolittle C)toomuch...tolittle D)toomuch...toofew( )10. OurEnglishteacher______angrywhenshegotTim’shomework.(★)toget B)got C)tobe D)getting( )11. Lifeinourschoolis______exciting______interesting.(★★)either...or B)neither...or C)either...nor D)both...nor( )12. Mybrotherhadabadcoldyesterday,so______myfather.(★★)do B)had C)did D)has( )13. IfDanny______tomorrow,Iwillcome.(★★)willcome B)comes C)iscoming D)came( )14. Everyoneinourclassenjoys______English.(★)speaking B)tospeak C)saying D)tosay( )15. There______anEnglishcompetitionnextweek.(★★)willhas B)willhave C)willhad D)willbe( )16. ______nicedayitistoday.(★★)How B)What C)Whata D)Howa( )17. Theregoesthebell.It’stime______anEnglishlesson.(★)tohaving B)have C)having D)tohave( )18. MayIuseyourpen?Ican’tfind______.(★★)A)it B)your C)mine D)my( )19. ______israininghard.Wecannotgooutingtoday.(★)Theweather B)Weather C)It D)Thesky( )20. IwenttoSuzhoufora______packagetourlastholiday.(★★)threedays B)threedays’ C)three-day D)three-daysII. Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.（用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填 空）Policemenhelptokeepourcity______.(safely)Theoldalsoneedenough______everyday.(asleep)TheweatherinShanghaiis______recently.(change)Whatdoyouwanttobein15______time.(year)You’dbettereat______friedwings.(little)Great______havetakenplaceinShanghaiinthepasttenyears.(change)It’s______foryoutoliveonthemoonnow,Jack.(possible)Help______tothedishes,everyone.(you)III. Rewritethefollowingsentencesasrequired.（根據(jù)要求改寫句子）Wearegoingtovisitouruncleintwodays.(對劃線部分提問）_____________areyougoingtovisityouruncle?Tomdidsomereadingthismorning.（改為否定句）Tom____________anyreadingthismorning.3. Thespeechcontestwilllastthreehours.（對劃線部分提問）____________willthespeechcontestlast?4. Emmalostherwaytothecinema.（改為否定句）Emma____________herwaytothecinema.5. Wehaveaclassmeetingonceaweek.（對劃線部分提問）____________doyouhaveaclassmeeting?6. HisuncleusedtoliveintheeastofShanghai.（改為一般疑問句）______hisuncle______toliveintheeastofShanghai?7. IwassorrythatIheardthebadnews.（保持句意基本不變）Iwassorry____________thebadnews.8. Heneedstimeandmoney.（改為否定句）He______needtime______money.9. Therearefewhigh-risesinthesmalltown.（改為反意疑問句）Therearefewhigh-risesinthesmalltown，____________?Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.（改為反意疑問句）Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom，____________?11. MymothertakesgoodcareofmewhenIamill.（保持句意基本不變）Mymother____________mewellwhenIamill.12. Thechildrenhadlanternsintheirhands.（改為反意疑問句）Thechildrenhadlanternsintheirhands,____________?13. Ittookmeanhourtofinishmyhomeworklastnight.（保持句意基本不變）I______anhour______myhomeworklastnight.14. Ittakesmetenminutestowalkfrommyhometoschool.（保持句意基本不變）It’saboutten____________frommyhometoschool.Heneedsourhelpatthemoment.（改為否定句）He____________ourhelpatthemoment.Exemplify（例題分析）Exemplify（例題分析）I. Choosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage.（根據(jù)文章選擇最佳答案）For99％ofhumanhistory,peopletooktheirfoodfromtheworldaroundthem.Theyateallthattheycouldfind,andthenmovedon.Thenabout10,000yearsago,orfor1％ofhumanhistory,peoplelearnedtofarmtheland.Thekindoffoodweeatdependsonwhichpartoftheworldwelivein,orwhichpartofourcountrywelivein.Forexample,inthesouthofChinatheyeatrice,butinthenorththeyeatnoodles.InEuropeancountriesnearthesea,peopleeatalotoffishes.Incentral（中部）Europe,awayfromthesea,peopledon’teatsomuchfish,theyeatmoremeat.InGermanyandPolandtherearehundredsofdifferentkindsofsausages.InNorthAmerica,Australia,andEurope,peopleeatwithknivesandforks.InChina,peopleeatwithchopsticks.InpartsofIndiaandtheMiddleEastpeopleusetheirfingersandbreadtopickupfood.Nowadaysitispossibletotransport（運輸）foodeasilyfromonepartoftheworldtotheother.Wecaneatwhatwelike,whenwelike,atanytimeoftheyear.InBritain,bananascomefromAfrica,ricecomesfromIndiaortheUSA,strawberriescomefromChileorSpain.Foodisverybigbusiness.Butpeopleinpoorcountriesarestillhungry,andpeopleinrichcountrieseattoomuch.( )1) 10,000yearsago,people______.learnedtofarmthelandcookeddifferentkindsoffoodcouldn’tfindfoodaroundthemtransportedfoodfromonecountrytoanother( )2) InNorthAmerica,awayfromthesea,peopleeat______.morenoodles B) muchfishC) moremeat D) muchrice( )3) InNorthAmerica,Australia,andEurope,people______.eatwithchopsticks B) eatwithknivesandforksC) usetheirfingerstopickupfood D) usebreadtopickupfood( )4) ______havemanykindsofsausages.ChileandSpain B) AmericaandAustraliaC) ChinaandJapan D) GermanyandPoland( )5) WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?Whatweeatdependsonwherewelive.Poorcountriesarestillhavingfoodproblems.Richcountriesdon’tneedfoodfromothercountries.Nowadayswecaneatwhatwelikeatanytimeoftheyear.( )6) Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage？WaystoFindFood B) FoodAroundtheWorldC) FoodChoices D) WorldFoodProblemsII. Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞語完成短文）Whydowecountthingsingroupoften?Thereasonisthatwehavetenfingers.Longago,whenpeoplehadtocountalotofthings,theymatchedthemagainsttheir___1___.Firsttheycountedoutenoughobjectstomatchthefingersof___2___andthenputthemasideinonegroup.Itthereweremorethanthen,theyformedmoregroups.Wecancallournumbers“two-handednumbers”,becausetheydevelopedfromthe___3___thatpeoplecountedthingsontwohands.Somepeoplehad“___4___numbers”,too.Becausetherearefivefingersononehand,theycountedthingsoutingroupsoffive.Itwas___5___byRomanswholivedinItalyover2,000yearsago.Wecalltheir___6___numbersRomannumeralsandweusethemeventoday.InRomannumerals,“I”standsforone,and“V”standsforfive.Inordertowritesix,theRomanwrote“VI”.Manypeoplecountedobjectsingroupsof12.We___7____usethe12-in-one-groupsystemfortellingtimewithaclock.Wecountthehoursfromonetotwelveandthenstartwithoneagain.( )1. A)numbers B)hands C)fingers D)feet( )2. A)allhands B)bothhands C)eachhand D)eitherhand( )3. A)idea B)rule C)fact D)reason( )4. A)one-hand B)two-handed C)ten-in-all D)half( )5. A)discovered B)made C)taken D)used( )6. A)old B)written C)counting D)one-to-ten( )7. A)still B)seldom C)usedto D)havestoppedtoIII. Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithsuitablewords（根據(jù)所給單詞的首字母填空）Onedayawealthyfamilywentonatriptothecountryside.Thefatherwantedtoshowhissonhowpooralifepeoplelivesotheyspentadayandanightonthefarmofaverypoorf___1___.Whentheygotbackfromtheirtrip,thefatheraskedhisson,“Mydearson,howwasthetrip?”“Verygood,dad.”“Didyouseehowpooralifepeoplelive?”thefatherasked.“Yeah.”“Andwhatdidyoul___2___?”Thesonanswered,“Isawthatwehaveadogathome,andtheyhavefour.Wehaveapoolthatreachestothemiddleofthegardenandtheyhaveacreek（小溪）thathasnoe___3___.Wehaveimportedlampsinthegardenandtheyhavethes___4___.Ourpatio（露臺）reachestothefrontyard,yettheyhaveawholeharizon（地平線）.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.Hissonsaid,“Thankdadforshowingmehowpoorweare!”Isn’tittruethatitalldependsonthew___5___youlookatthings?Ifyouhavelove,friends,family,hea