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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都農(nóng)業(yè)科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hislawyercollectedenoughevidenceto____thechargeagainsthim.

問題1選項

A.nominate

B.criticize

C.rebut

D.analyze

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.nominate提名;指派;指定B.criticize批評;指責(zé)

C.rebut反駁;證明(言論等)錯誤D.analyze分析

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“他的律師收集了足夠的證據(jù)”,后文內(nèi)容為“對他的指控”,根據(jù)前后語義可知,他的律師收集的證據(jù)應(yīng)該是為了反駁對他的指控,證明對他的指控是錯誤的。因此,C選項“反駁;證明(言論等)錯誤”,符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】他的律師收集了足夠的證據(jù)來反駁對他的指控。

2.單選題

HehasbeeninChinaforayearandstudiedthemarkettodiscoverthe(

)forprofitableinvestment.

問題1選項

A.necessity

B.reality

C.capacity

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他在中國待了一年來研究市場,以便發(fā)現(xiàn)投資獲利的可能性。

考查名詞辨析。Necessity必然,必要,需要;reality現(xiàn)實,事實;capacity容量,能力,職位;potential可能,潛能。故D符合句意。

3.單選題

)ofthegrasslanddwellersoftheNorthAmericancontinentistheantelope,orpronghorn.

問題1選項

A.Typical

B.Thetypical

C.Typicalis

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。分析句子可知,這是一個倒裝句,正常的語序是:theNorthAmericanantelope,orpronghornistypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinent。選項A符合題意。句意:美洲羚羊,又叫叉角羚,是北美大陸典型的草原動物。

4.單選題

Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas()regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.

問題1選項

A.remote

B.virgin

C.alien

D.barren

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項remote“遙遠(yuǎn)的;偏僻的;疏遠(yuǎn)的”;B選項virgin“純潔的;未經(jīng)利用的,處于原始狀態(tài)的”;C選項alien“外國的;性質(zhì)不同的;不相容的”;D選項barren“貧瘠的;不生育的;無益的”。句意:盡管很多人認(rèn)為沙漠是不生育的地區(qū),但是許多動植物物種卻已適應(yīng)了那里的生活。由關(guān)鍵詞“deserts沙漠”的對應(yīng)知“不生育的”符合語境,因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Over-cultivationandalongperiodoferosionhasreducedthe()ofmuchofthecountry'sfarm?land.

問題1選項

A.sufficiency

B.fertility

C.prosperity

D.mobility

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。sufficiency"充足";fertility"肥力";prosperity"興旺,繁榮";mobility"活動性,靈活性"。句意:過度耕種和長期的水土流失降低了這個國家大部分農(nóng)田的肥力。選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

Thegovernmentwilltakesomeactionto()thetwobigquarrelingcompanies.

問題1選項

A.jigsaw

B.jot

C.impulse

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。jigsaw用鋸鋸;jot匆匆記下;impulse推動;reconcile調(diào)和。句意:政府將采取措施這兩家起爭執(zhí)的大公司。因此D項符合句意。

7.單選題

)tellermachineshavereducedtheneedforbankvisitstoobtaincashandcarryout

transactions.

問題1選項

A.Correlated

B.Automated

C.Incorporated

D.Prototyped

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。correlated意為“相互關(guān)系的”;automated意為“自動化的”;incorporated意為“組成公司的”;prototyped意為“原型的”。

句意:自動取款機(jī)減少了去銀行提取現(xiàn)金和進(jìn)行交易的需要。

8.單選題

Whileotherssatathomestudyingpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoaboatandmade()observations.

問題1選項

A.of-the-spot

B.in-the-spot

C.on-the-spot

D.at-the-spot

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配題。on-the-pot指"立即,當(dāng)場"。句意:當(dāng)其他人坐在家里研究這一課題的論文時,Jefferson上了一艘船并進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場觀察。

9.單選題

Fitnesshelps______signsofdepression,suchasindecisionandlackofzestfordailyactivities.

問題1選項

A.alleviate

B.diagnose

C.assess

D.manipulate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項alleviate“減輕,緩和”;B選項diagnose“診斷;斷定;判斷”;C選項assess“評定;估價;對……征稅”;D選項manipulate“操縱;操作;巧妙地處理;篡改”。句意:健康有助于緩解抑郁跡象,如優(yōu)柔寡斷和對日常活動缺乏熱情。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Shecriticizedmywritingbutinawaythatwasvery().Ilearnedalotfromher.

問題1選項

A.autonomous

B.constructive

C.fundamental

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。autonomous"自治的";constructive"有益的,建沒性的";fundamental"基本的,必要的";elementary"基本的,初級的"。句意:她批評了我的寫作,但批評的方式很有建設(shè)性。我從她身上學(xué)到了很多。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat(

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat(

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat(

4.Thearticleconcludesthat(

問題1選項

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.

C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.

D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.

問題2選項

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.

問題3選項

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.

C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.

D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.

問題4選項

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.

B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.

C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.

D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段,高失業(yè)率確實是現(xiàn)在存在的一種社會現(xiàn)象,并且會持續(xù)下去。所以選項中“atruthoflife”最符合題意,選項D最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”,第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工業(yè)時代的到來推動了整個工業(yè)模式的變化。選項C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段。所有人都受到了就業(yè)影響,其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”,那些沒有受雇的人,如學(xué)生和退休人員,故選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”,可知選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

WhenJackwas28,he()thesmallbookshopandinfiveyearsdevelopeditintosixchainstores.

問題1選項

A.tookafter

B.tookin

C.tookon

D.tookover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞短語。A選項tookafter“相像,效仿”;B選項tookin“吸收,領(lǐng)會,欺騙”;C選項tookon“承擔(dān),呈現(xiàn),具有”;D選項tookover“接管,借用”。句意:當(dāng)杰克28歲時,他接管了這個小書店,在五年內(nèi)發(fā)展成了六個連鎖店。根據(jù)空格后提到的thesmallbookshop,與之可以相對應(yīng)搭配的短語只有D選項tookover,意為接管了商店。因此D選項符合題意。

13.單選題

hedefectinDavid’scharacterhas(

)himfromadvancementinhiscareer.

問題1選項

A.exempted

B.forbidden

C.undermined

D.hindered

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞辨析。exempt“免除”;forbidden“禁止”;undermined“破壞”;hindered“阻礙”。句意為:大衛(wèi)的性格缺陷阻礙了他的事業(yè)發(fā)展。選項D符合句意。

14.不定項選擇題

SomerecenthistorianshavearguedthatlifeintheBritishcoloniesinAmericafromapproximately1763to1789wasmarkedbyinternalconflictsamongcolonists.Inheritorsofsomeoftheviewpointsofearlytwentieth-century.ProgressivehistorianssuchasBeardandBecker,theserecenthistorianshaveputforwardargumentsthatdeserveevaluation.

Thekindofconflictmostemphasizedbythesehistoriansisclassconflict.YetwiththeRevolutionaryWardominatingtheseyears,howdoesonedistinguishclassconflictwithinthatlargerconflict?Certainlynotbythesideapersonsupported.AlthoughmanyofthesehistorianshaveacceptedtheearlierassumptionthatLoyalistsrepresentedanupperclass,newevidenceindicatesthatLoyalists,likerebels,weredrawnfromallsocioeconomicclasses.(Itisnonethelessprobablytruethatalargerpercentageofthewell-to-dojoinedtheLoyaliststhanjoinedtherebels.)Lookingattherebelside,wefindlittleevidenceforthecontentionthatlower-classrebelswereinconflictwithupper-classrebels.Indeed,thewareffortagainstBritaintendedtosuppressclassconflicts.Whereitdidnot,thedisputingrebelsofoneoranotherclassusuallybecameLoyalists.Loyalismthusoperatedasasafetyvalvetoremovesocioeconomicdiscontentthatexistedamongtherebels.Disputesoccurred,ofcourse,amongthosewhoremainedontherebelside,buttheextraordinarysocialmobilityofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety(withtheobviousexceptionofslaves)usuallypreventedsuchdisputesfromhardeningalongclasslines.Socialstructurewasinfactsofluid-thoughrecentstatisticssuggestanarrowingofeconomicopportunityasthelatterhalfofthecenturyprogressed-thattotalkaboutsocialclassesatallrequirestheuseoflooseeconomiccategoriessuchasrich,poor,andmiddleclass,oreighteenth-centurydesignationslike“thebettersort”.Despitethesevaguecategories,oneshouldnotclaimunequivocallythathostilitybetweenrecognizableclassescannotbelegitimatelyobserved.OutsideofNewYork,however,therewereveryfewinstancesofopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.

Havingsaidthis,however,onemustaddthatthereismuchevidencetosupportthefurtherclaimofrecenthistoriansthatsectionalconflictswerecommonbetween1763and1789.“ThePaxtonBoys”incidentandtheRegulatormovementarerepresentativeexamplesofthewidespread,andjustified,discontentofwesternsettlersagainstcolonialorstategovernmentsdominatedbyeasterninterests.Althoughundertonesofclassconflictexistedbeneathsuchhostility,theoppositionwasprimarilygeographical.Sectionalconflict-whichalsoexistedbetweenNorthandSouth-deservesfurtherinvestigation.

Insummary,historiansmustbecarefulaboutthekindofconflicttheyemphasizeineighteenth-centuryAmerica.Yetthosewhostresstheachievementofageneralconsensusamongthecolonistscannotfullyunderstandthatconsensuswithoutunderstandingtheconflictsthathadtobeovercomeorrepressedinordertoreachit.

1.TheauthorsuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttherepresentativenessofcolonialorstategovernmentsinAmericafrom1763to1789?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutsectionalconflictsinAmericabetween1763and1789?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingsocioeconomicclassandsupportfortherebelandLoyalistcausesduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldbelikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesocialstructureofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety?

I.Itallowedgreatereconomicopportunitythanitdidsocialmobility.

II.Itpermittedgreatereconomicopportunitypriorto1750thanafter1750.

III.Itdidnotcontainrigidlydefinedsocioeconomicdivisions.

IV.Itpreventedeconomicdisputesfromarisingamongmembersofthesociety.

5.Theauthormostlikelyrefersto“historianssuchasBeardandBecker”(lines5-6)inorderto____.

問題1選項

A.Thegovernmentsinadequatelyrepresentedtheinterestsofpeopleinwesternregions.

B.Thegovernmentsmoreoftenrepresentedclassintereststhansectionalinterests.

C.Thegovernmentswerelessrepresentativethantheyhadbeenbefore1763.

D.Thegovernmentsweredominatedbytheinterestsofpeopleofanuppersocioeconomicclass.

E.Thegovernmentsofthenortherncolonieswerelessrepresentativethanwerethegovernmentsofthesoutherncolonies.

問題2選項

A.Theseconflictswereinstigatedbyeasterninterestsagainstwesternsettlers.

B.TheseconflictswerethemostseriouskindofconflictinAmerica.

C.Theseconflictseventuallyledtoopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.

D.Theseconflictscontainedanelementofclasshostility.

E.Theseconflictsweremotivatedbyclassconflicts.

問題3選項

A.Identifyingaperson’ssocioeconomicclassistheleastaccuratemethodofascertainingwhichsidethatpersonsupported.

B.IdentifyingapersonasamemberoftherebeloroftheLoyalistsidedoesnotnecessarilyrevealthatperson'sparticularsocioeconomicclass.

C.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtherewerefewerdisputesamongsocioeconomicclassesontheLoyalistside.

D.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtheLoyalistsidewasmadeupprimarilyofmembersoftheupperclasses.

E.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughmanyupper-classrebelseventuallyjoinedtheLoyalists.

問題4選項

A.IandIVonly

B.IIandIIIonly

C.IIIandIVonly

D.I,II,andIIIonly

E.I,II,III,andIV

問題5選項

A.isolatethetwohistorianswhoseworkismostrepresentativeoftheviewpointsofProgressivehistorians

B.emphasizetheneedtofindconnectionsbetweenrecenthistoricalwritingandtheworkofearlierhistorians

C.makeacasefortheimportanceoftheviewsoftheProgressivehistoriansconcerningeighteenth-centuryAmericanlife

D.suggestthatProgressivehistorianswerethefirsttodiscovertheparticularinternalconflictsineighteenth-centuryAmericanlifementionedinthepassage

E.pointouthistorianswhoseviewsofhistoryanticipatedsomeoftheviewsoftherecenthistoriansmentionedinthepassage

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:E

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

TheauthorsuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttherepresentativenessofcolonialorstategovernmentsinAmericafrom1763to1789?關(guān)于1763年至1789年美國殖民政府或州政府的代表性,作者建議下列哪個選項?

A.Thegovernmentsinadequatelyrepresentedtheinterestsofpeopleinwesternregions.A.政府沒有充分代表西部地區(qū)人民的利益。

B.Thegovernmentsmoreoftenrepresentedclassintereststhansectionalinterests.B.政府更多地代表階級利益而不是地方利益。

C.Thegovernmentswerelessrepresentativethantheyhadbeenbefore1763.C.政府沒有1763年以前那么有代表性。

D.Thegovernmentsweredominatedbytheinterestsofpeopleofanuppersocioeconomicclass.D.政府被上層社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階級的利益所支配。

E.Thegovernmentsofthenortherncolonieswerelessrepresentativethanwerethegovernmentsofthesoutherncolonies.E.北方殖民地的政府不如南方殖民地的政府有代表性。

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第二段,該處講到“1763年至1789年間,派系沖突很常見”,還講“西方定居者普遍而合理地不滿于由東方利益主導(dǎo)的殖民地或州政府”。換言之,政府沒有充分地代表西方的利益。比對選項,A選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“政府更多地代表階級利益而不是地方利益”,倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“盡管在這種敵意之下存在著階級沖突的隱蔽性,但這種對立主要是地區(qū)性的”,因此更多地代表地區(qū)性利益,B選項屬于反向干擾;

C選項“政府沒有1763年以前那么有代表性”,文中沒有提到,C選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“政府被上層社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階級的利益所支配”,文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

E選項“北方殖民地的政府不如南方殖民地的政府有代表性”,文中倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“區(qū)域沖突——也存在于北方和南方之間——值得進(jìn)一步調(diào)查。”并沒有直接說明,因此屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutsectionalconflictsinAmericabetween1763and1789?根據(jù)文章,下列哪項是關(guān)于美國1763年至1789年之間地區(qū)沖突的真實陳述?

A.Theseconflictswereinstigatedbyeasterninterestsagainstwesternsettlers.A.這些沖突是由東方利益集團(tuán)反對西方定居者挑起的。

B.TheseconflictswerethemostseriouskindofconflictinAmerica.B.這些沖突是美國最嚴(yán)重的沖突。

C.Theseconflictseventuallyledtoopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.C.這些沖突最終導(dǎo)致了公開表達(dá)的階級對立。

D.Theseconflictscontainedanelementofclasshostility.D.這些沖突中含有階級敵對的成分。

E.Theseconflictsweremotivatedbyclassconflicts.E.這些沖突是由階級沖突引起的。

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第二段,該處講到“盡管在這種敵意之下存在著階級沖突的隱蔽性,但這種對立主要是地區(qū)性的”。換言之,這種沖突含有隱蔽的階級性。比對選項,D選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“這些沖突是由東方利益集團(tuán)反對西方定居者挑起的”,文中倒數(shù)第二段說西方定居者不滿東方,且并沒有說這些沖突是由東方利益集團(tuán)挑起的。A選項為相反選項,屬于無中生有;

B選項“這些沖突是美國最嚴(yán)重的沖突”,并沒有說是最嚴(yán)重的沖突。B選項屬于過度推斷;

C選項“這些沖突最終導(dǎo)致了公開表達(dá)的階級對立”,文中提到“在紐約以外,公開表達(dá)階級對立的例子卻很少”,C選項屬于反向干擾;

E選項“這些沖突是由階級沖突引起的”,文中提到東西區(qū)域沖突是由不滿足利益引起的。所以并不是由階級沖突引起的。E選項屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingsocioeconomicclassandsupportfortherebelandLoyalistcausesduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar?從文章中可以推斷出,作者最可能同意下列哪項關(guān)于美國革命戰(zhàn)爭期間的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階級和對反叛和保皇黨事業(yè)的支持的陳述?

A.Identifyingaperson’ssocioeconomicclassistheleastaccuratemethodofascertainingwhichsidethatpersonsupported.A.確定一個人的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層是確定這個人支持哪一方的最不準(zhǔn)確的方法。

B.IdentifyingapersonasamemberoftherebeloroftheLoyalistsidedoesnotnecessarilyrevealthatperson'sparticularsocioeconomicclass.B.認(rèn)定一個人是叛逆者或?;逝傻某蓡T并不一定表明這個人的特定社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層。

C.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtherewerefewerdisputesamongsocioeconomicclassesontheLoyalistside.C.叛軍和?;逝啥加猩鐣?jīng)濟(jì)階層的成員,盡管?;逝缮鐣?jīng)濟(jì)階層之間的爭端較少。

D.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtheLoyalistsidewasmadeupprimarilyofmembersoftheupperclasses.D.叛軍和保皇派都有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層的成員,盡管保皇派主要由上層階級的成員組成。

E.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughmanyupper-classrebelseventuallyjoinedtheLoyalists.E.叛軍和?;庶h雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層的成員,盡管許多上層叛軍最終加入了?;庶h。

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段,該處講到“新的證據(jù)表明,?;庶h像反叛者一樣,來自所有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層”。換言之,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層大幅度參與了兩派,兩黨都有來自社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層的人。比對選項,B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“確定一個人的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層是確定這個人支持哪一方的最不準(zhǔn)確的方法”,文中只是說社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層開始在兩黨之間流動。A選項屬于過度推斷;

C選項“叛軍和?;逝啥加猩鐣?jīng)濟(jì)階層的成員,盡管?;逝缮鐣?jīng)濟(jì)階層之間的爭端較少”,文中沒有提到保皇派社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層之間的爭端較少,C選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“叛軍和?;逝啥加猩鐣?jīng)濟(jì)階層的成員,盡管?;逝芍饕缮蠈与A級的成員組成”,文中提到“盡管許多歷史學(xué)家接受了早期的假設(shè),即?;庶h代表上層階級,但新的證據(jù)表明,?;庶h像反叛者一樣,來自所有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層”,該選項無中生有;

E選項“叛軍和?;庶h雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層的成員,盡管許多上層叛軍最終加入了?;庶h”,文中沒有說到上層叛軍加入了?;庶h,E選項無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Thepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldbelikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesocialstructureofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety?

I.Itallowedgreatereconomicopportunitythanitdidsocialmobility.

II.Itpermittedgreatereconomicopportunitypriorto1750thanafter1750.

III.Itdidnotcontainrigidlydefinedsocioeconomicdivisions.

IV.Itpreventedeconomicdisputesfromarisingamongmembersofthesociety.這篇文章表明,作者可能同意下列關(guān)于18世紀(jì)美國社會結(jié)構(gòu)的陳述中的哪一種?

1.它帶來了更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會,而不是社會流動性。

2.它使得1750年之前的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會比1750年之后更多。

3.它沒有包含嚴(yán)格定義的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)劃分。

4.它防止了社會成員之間發(fā)生經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛。

A.IandIVonlyA.只有I和IV

B.IIandIIIonlyB.僅限II及III

C.IIIandIVonlyC.僅III及IV

D.I,II,andIIIonlyD.只有I,II和III

E.I,II,III,andIVE.I,II,III,和IV

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知在18世紀(jì)美國社會結(jié)構(gòu)中,兩黨中都有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層。這有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,叛軍和?;庶h雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層的成員,沒有嚴(yán)格的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)劃分。因此II和III正確。選B。

【干擾項排除】

I中,不僅帶來更多的社會發(fā)展機(jī)會,而且促進(jìn)了社會流動性。因為文中說到社會結(jié)構(gòu)事實上是如此具有流動性(Socialstructurewasinfactsofluid-thoughrecentstatistics)。所以I錯誤。

IV中,防止社會成員之間發(fā)生經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛,兩黨之間都有不同的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層成員,不可能沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛。所以IV錯誤。

5.【選項釋義】

Theauthormostlikelyrefersto“historianssuchasBeardandBecker”(Paragraph.1)inorderto____.作者提到“像比爾德和貝克這樣的歷史學(xué)家”(第一段)最有可能是為了____。

A.isolatethetwohistorianswhoseworkismostrepresentativeoftheviewpointsofProgressivehistoriansA.將這兩位歷史學(xué)家分離出來,這兩位歷史學(xué)家的作品最能代表進(jìn)步歷史學(xué)家的觀點

B.emphasizetheneedtofindconnectionsbetweenrecenthistoricalwritingandtheworkofearlierhistoriansB.強(qiáng)調(diào)在近期的歷史著作和早期歷史學(xué)家的著作之間找到聯(lián)系的必要性

C.makeacasefortheimportanceoftheviewsoftheProgressivehistoriansconcerningeighteenth-centuryAmericanlifeC.說明進(jìn)步派歷史學(xué)家關(guān)于18世紀(jì)美國生活的觀點的重要性

D.suggestthatProgressivehistorianswerethefirsttodiscovertheparticularinternalconflictsineighteenth-centuryAmericanlifementionedinthepassageD.認(rèn)為進(jìn)步派歷史學(xué)家是第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中提到的18世紀(jì)美國生活中特殊的內(nèi)部沖突的人

E.pointouthistorianswhoseviewsofhistoryanticipatedsomeoftheviewsoftherecenthistoriansmentionedinthepassageE.指出一些歷史學(xué)家,他們的歷史觀點優(yōu)于文章中提到的一些近期歷史學(xué)家的觀點

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1題干信息可定位到第一段,根據(jù)第一段最后一句話和第二段第一句話可知作者認(rèn)為“最強(qiáng)調(diào)的沖突是階級沖突”。結(jié)合第二段的內(nèi)容,作者提到“盡管這些歷史學(xué)家中的許多人接受了早期的假設(shè),即效忠者代表上層階級,但新的證據(jù)表明,效忠者和叛軍一樣,來自所有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)階層。盡管如此,加入忠誠者的富人比例可能比加入叛軍的富人比例更高。從叛軍方面看,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎沒有證據(jù)表明下層叛軍與上層叛軍發(fā)生沖突?!币约啊笆聦嵣希磳τ膽?zhàn)爭傾向于壓制階級沖突”可知作者認(rèn)為殖民者和被殖民者之間的沖突優(yōu)于階級沖突。所以可知作者更支持第一段第一句話這些歷史學(xué)家的觀點“最近一些歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為,從1763年到1789年,在美國的英國殖民地生活的特點是殖民者之間的內(nèi)部沖突”,引用了Beard和Becker等歷史學(xué)家的觀點是為了表明認(rèn)為殖民者沖突的歷史學(xué)家的觀點比文章中提到的近期歷史學(xué)家Beard和Becker等歷史學(xué)家的觀點更有先見之明。比對選項,E選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此E選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“將這兩位歷史學(xué)家分離出來,這兩位歷史學(xué)家的作品最能代表進(jìn)步歷史學(xué)家的觀點”,A選項屬于無中生有;

B選項“強(qiáng)調(diào)在近期的歷史著作和早期歷史學(xué)家的著作之間找到聯(lián)系的必要性”,文中沒有提到歷史著作,B選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“說明進(jìn)步派歷史學(xué)家關(guān)于18世紀(jì)美國生活的觀點的重要性”,文中沒有提到它的重要性。C選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“認(rèn)為進(jìn)步派歷史學(xué)家是第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中提到的18世紀(jì)美國生活中特殊的內(nèi)部沖突的人”,文中沒有提及,D選項無中生有。

15.單選題

)energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.

問題1選項

A.Accumulated

B.Gathered

C.Assembled

D.Collected

【答案】A

【解析】同義詞辨析題。Accumulate累積,積攢,側(cè)重于連續(xù)不斷的長期的積累;Gather聚集,側(cè)重于將分散的東西聚集到一起;Assemble集合,聚集,側(cè)重于由于某種目的而聚集在一起;Collect收集,側(cè)重于物品的收集,采集。句意:地下累積的能量必須以某種形式釋放出來,比如地震。這里指長時間積累下來的能力,所以選項A最恰當(dāng)。

16.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主義的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis().

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat().

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose().

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould().

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof().

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實則是想表明人們相對于社會中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因為他們可能面臨著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因為他們不能獲得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項D他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因為處于一個競爭激烈的社會之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競爭激烈的社會,才會有真正幸福的生活。所以選項A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會制度形式,……在這種社會安排中,人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會安排的目的。”由此可知,作者提出了充分發(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會問題,選項C符合原文。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項B正確。

17.單選題

RetireeslookingtostretchtheirpensionsmightconsiderspendingtheirgoldenyearsinEcuador,PanamaorMexico,______costoflivingislowandtheweatheriswarm,accordingtoanewindex.

問題1選項

A.which

B.when

C.where

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識??崭袂笆且粋€完整的句子,因此逗號后需要一個關(guān)系詞修飾表示地點的先行詞“Educator,PnamaorMexico”,后面的非限定性定語從句中不缺主要成分,因此關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語,只有C選項where符合要求。句意:一項新數(shù)據(jù)表明,希望延長養(yǎng)老金的退休人員可能會考慮在厄瓜多爾、巴拿馬或墨西哥度過他們的黃金歲月,因為那里的生活成本

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