考研考博-英語-延安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-延安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.案例題

Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.（1）.Infantsformanattachmentwiththemotherthatmustundergoaprocessofseparationandindividuation.Objectrelationspsychologyexaminesthisrelationship,whichdependsontheabilityofthechildtoseparatehimselffromhisobject,themother,andrealizethatheisaseparateindividual.（2）.Certainly,affectionate,caringparentsareessentialaswell.Asthechildbeginstodevelophissenseofself,hemustmastercertaindevelopmentaltasksthatarepartofgrowingup,suchasacquisitionoflanguageandtoilettraining.（3）.

（4）.Sinceaninfantsrelationshipwithhismotherissoimportant,accordingtomanypsychologists,whateffectdoesbeingseparatedfromthebiologicalmotherhaveontheadoptedchild?（5）.Butwhataboutachildwhoisolderwhenheisadopted?

（6）.Whenheisplacedwithanadoptivefamily,heislikelytoexperienceseparationanxietyfrombisfostermother,whocanberegardedassymbolicallyabandoninghimashisownbiologicalmotherdid.

（7）.Nowitseemsasthoughhehastostartover;hisprotestingmaygivewaytodespairasheyearnsforpeoplewhousedtobeinhislife.Theadoptivefamilyshouldofferasmuchaffectionandsecurityaspossibletoreassurethechildthatheissafe,thattheyarereliablesourcesoflovingcare,andthattheywillhelphimthroughthisdifficultstage.

（8）.Althoughhemaynotmindtheactualseparationfromhismotherwhenhegoestoplayschoolordaycare,hemaybecomeobsessedaboutthetimewhenhismotherissupposedtopickhimupatdaycareorkindergarten;tardinessmayprovokefearsaboutcaraccidentsordeath.

Ontheotherhand,somepsychologistsbelievethatachildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparentsandthereforemorepronetoseparationanxietythanaresomeofthosewhoaretreatedmoreroughly.（9）.Onthecontrary,thecapacitytoexperienceseparationanxietycanberegardedasasignofthehealthypersonality.（10）.

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?10,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatojtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

A.Asafe,lovingenvironmentisanothernecessarycomponentforthedevelopmentofahealthyself-concept.

B.Forinfantsadoptedatbirth,theeffectmaybeminimal,fortheinfanthasoftenhadnoopportunitytobondwiththebiologicalmother.

C.Sincesuch"dependence"inthewell-lovedchildisoutgrownandlaterprovidesthebasisforastableindependence,itwouldbeamistaketosupposeittobepathological.

D.Oneofthemostimportantinvolveshisrelationshipwithhismother.

E.What,then,effectdoesadoptionhaveonthedevelopmentofahealthysenseofself?

F.Histransitiontolivinginanadoptivehomemaybedifficultasheadjuststonewsurroundingsandcaregiversbecause,bytheageof18months,hehasalreadybeguntodevelopasenseofselfinrelationtoothers.

G.Despitetheseactions,sometimesachildmaycontinuetosufferfromseparationanxiety.

H.Anythingthatinterruptsthedevelopmentoftheseimportantskillsmayinterferewithdevelopingahealthyself-concept.

I.Consideratoddleradoptedattheageof18monthswhohaslivedinthesamefosterhomesincebirth.

J.Anadoptedchild,then,hasatleastanaveragechanceofsuccessfulindividuation,assumingheisadoptedbylovingparents.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）H

（4）I

（5）B

（6）F

（7）E

（8）G

（9）C

（10）J

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文：嬰兒與母親形成依戀關(guān)系，必須經(jīng)歷分離和個性化的過程。所以填空處應(yīng)該與嬰兒和母親之間的關(guān)系相關(guān)。

2.根據(jù)下文：父母對子女的愛心和關(guān)愛是必不可少的...。選項A一個安全,充滿愛的環(huán)境是發(fā)展健康自我概念的另一必要因素，與下文相對應(yīng)，所以正確。

3.上文提到了developmentaltasks,選項H中"thedevelopmentoftheseimportantskills"與之相對應(yīng)。

4.根據(jù)下文可知本段主要是講被收養(yǎng)的孩子。這里是進(jìn)行舉例，所以選項I符合原文內(nèi)容。

5.根據(jù)上文可知，這里是回答收養(yǎng)的孩子與生母之間的關(guān)系，選項B正確。

6.結(jié)合上下文的內(nèi)容可知，這里是描述年齡大一點的被收養(yǎng)的孩子的生活狀況，所以選F。

7.根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知本段主要是講收養(yǎng)對健康的自我意識的發(fā)展的影響。選項E正確。

8.上一段提出了收養(yǎng)家庭應(yīng)如何幫助收養(yǎng)的孩子提供關(guān)愛，度過難關(guān)，但下文的內(nèi)容又指出孩子們依然可能會出現(xiàn)分離焦慮癥，所以選項G盡管有這些措施，有時孩子可能會依然有分離焦慮癥，符合原文邏輯。

9.選項C中的such"dependence"inthewell-lovedchild與上文中的achildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparents相對應(yīng)，所以正確。

10.選項J如果一個被收養(yǎng)的孩子被慈愛的父母收養(yǎng)，那么他至少有平均的成功個性化的機會。這與上文緊密聯(lián)系,所以正確。

2.單選題

Weareshockedbyhisselfishnessand（）tothosewhoneedshelp.

問題1選項

A.inactivity

B.insensitivity

C.stupidity

D.idleness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項inactivity“不活動；休止?fàn)顟B(tài)”；B選項insensitivity“感覺遲鈍；不靈敏”；C選項stupidity“愚蠢”；D選項idleness“懶惰；閑散”。句意：他的自私、對需要幫助的人們……，令我們驚訝。關(guān)鍵信息詞selfishness“自私”，可知對他的評價是負(fù)面的?？崭窈髏othosewhoneedshelp對那些需要幫助的人，自私的人以自我為中心是不會在乎其他人的。insensitivity有麻木不仁，漠不關(guān)心的意思。因此B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

問題1選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題2選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題3選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題4選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題5選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。第二段開頭提到committee時，使用了定冠詞the修飾committee，說明前文該詞就已出現(xiàn)過，選項F中含有committee,也同樣提到了investigate,與下文的investigation呼應(yīng)。

2.聯(lián)系上下文。空格前一句提及應(yīng)該指責(zé)的是麻省理工學(xué)院的男性文化(masculineculture)，而對此卻束手無策。選項E中提及女性沒有成為科學(xué)家是因為科學(xué)(或科學(xué)家)都是男性，與前文意思最為接近。

3.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭竦那耙痪渲刑岬讲⒉皇敲恳粋€人都同意在麻省理工暴露的問題就是歧視的這一說法，接下來作者很有可能要舉例說明該觀點。另外，第二段末提到了一個人名Kleinfeld,說明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相關(guān)信息，選項中符合語境的只有選項B，其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”與上文信息呼應(yīng)。

4.聯(lián)系上下文。空格前的段中提及Kleinfeld教授認(rèn)為麻省理工的女性科學(xué)家被邊緣化不是因為性別歧視，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多數(shù)女物理學(xué)家所經(jīng)歷的事業(yè)問題通常來自于無意識的偏見(unconsciousbias),前后兩段內(nèi)容相反，由此可知，空格處句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折承接，C、D入選，而只有選項C中提及了discrimination,與下文遙相呼應(yīng)。

5.聯(lián)系上下文。選項A中的inalmostallcultures與上文中的across130countries互相呼應(yīng)。

4.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Atitsmostfundamentallevel,atheoryisasetofstatementsaboutnaturalphenomenathatexplainswhythesephenomenaoccurthewaytheydo.Inthesciences,theoriesareusedinwhatKuhncallsthejobof“puzzlesolving”.BythisKuhnmeansthatscientistslookatobservablephenomenaaspuzzlesorquestionstobesolved.Whydoestheearthrevolvearoundthesunandnotflyoffintospace?Whyarehumansbipedalbuttheotherprimatesareknuckle-walkers?Theseareallquestionsaboutthingsthatconfrontuseveryday,anditisthejobofscientiststoaccountforthem.

Inshort,then,thefirstdutyofatheoryistoaccountfororexplainobservedphenomena.Butatheoryoughttodomorethanthat.Atheoryalsooughttomakepredictionsaboutwhatwouldoccurunderspecificconditions.Let’slookatonefamiliarexample.

Intheearlypartofthe19thcentury,scientistswerealreadyawareofthepresenceofmicroorganismsintheairandwater,andtheyhadanideaabouttheconnectionbetweentheorganismsanddisease.However,theyhadnoideaofhowtheycameintoexistence;indeed,beliefinthespontaneousgenerationoftheseorganismswaswidespread.“Badair”wasthoughttocausedisease.CarefulexperimentationbyLouisPasteurandotherscientistsdemonstratedthatmicrobes,thoughcarriedbyair,arenotcreatedbyair.Livingorganismscomefromotherlivingorganisms.Thesediscoveriesledtothedevelopmentofthegermtheoryofdisease,whichproposedthatdiseasewascausedbymicroorganisms.Theacceptanceofthistheoryhadobviousimportantapplicationsinpublichealth,suchasthedevelopmentofvaccines,hygienicpracticesinsurgery,andthepasteurizationofmilk.Itnotonlycouldexplainthepresenceandspreadofdisease,itcouldalsopredict,forexample,thatdoctorswhodeliveredbabieswithoutwashingtheirhandsafterperformingautopsies(尸體解剖)onpatientswhohaddiedfromchildbirthfeverwouldtransmitthediseasetonewpatients.Evenmoreimportant,thesametheorycouldbeusedtoconnectphenomenathatonthesurfaceappearedunrelated,suchasthetransmittalofdisease,fermentationprocessesinwineandbeerproduction.

【答案】從最基本的層面來說，理論是一套關(guān)于自然現(xiàn)象的陳述，用來解釋為什么這些現(xiàn)象會以這種方式發(fā)生。在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，理論被用于庫恩所謂的“解謎”工作。庫恩的意思是，科學(xué)家把可觀察到的現(xiàn)象看作是謎題或待解決的問題。為什么地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)而不飛向太空？為什么人類是兩足行走，而其他靈長類動物是用關(guān)節(jié)行走?這些是我們每天都要面對的問題，而解釋這些問題是科學(xué)家的工作。

那么，簡而言之，理論的首要職責(zé)就是說明或解釋所觀察到的現(xiàn)象。但理論所做的應(yīng)該不止這些。理論還應(yīng)該預(yù)測在特定條件下會發(fā)生什么。讓我們看一個熟悉的例子。

早在19世紀(jì)初，科學(xué)家們就已經(jīng)意識到空氣和水中存在微生物，他們對微生物和疾病之間的聯(lián)系有了一個想法。然而，他們不知道它們是如何形成的；事實上，人們普遍相信這些生物是自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的?！霸愀獾目諝狻北徽J(rèn)為會導(dǎo)致疾病。路易斯?巴斯德和其他科學(xué)家經(jīng)過仔細(xì)的實驗得出證明，微生物雖然通過空氣傳播，但不是由空氣產(chǎn)生的。生物體來自于其他生物。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了疾病的微生物理論的發(fā)展，該理論提出疾病是由微生物引起的。接受這一理論在公共衛(wèi)生方面有明顯的重要應(yīng)用，如疫苗的研制、外科手術(shù)的衛(wèi)生規(guī)范以及牛奶的巴氏殺菌。它不僅可以解釋疾病的存在和傳播，它還可以預(yù)測，例如，接生完之后未洗手的醫(yī)生在對死于分娩發(fā)燒的病人進(jìn)行尸檢之后，會將疾病傳染給新病人。更重要的是，同樣的理論可以用來聯(lián)系表面上不相關(guān)的現(xiàn)象，如疾病的傳播，葡萄酒和啤酒生產(chǎn)中的發(fā)酵過程。

5.單選題

Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

問題1選項

A.shallknow

B.shouldn'tknow

C.hasknown

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。shouldhave“本該”，表示本應(yīng)該做，實際上沒做，用虛擬語氣。句意：湯姆早就該知道不能去找迪克幫忙。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Theadvancementofscienceandtechnologyhasdemonstratedthatafactappearingtocontradicttocertaintheorymayactuallybe（）amoreadvancedformulationofthattheory.

問題1選項

A.consistentwith

B.eliminatedby

C.inoppositionto

D.incompatiblewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beconsistentwith與…一致，符合；inoppositionto與…相反；beincompatiblewith與…不相容的；句意：先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)證明了如果一個看似與某一理論相悖的事實，實際可能與一個更先進(jìn)的理論形式相符。由actually可知前后有相反的意味，故此空意思應(yīng)與contradict意義相反，故A項正確。

7.單選題

Agenerationofe-mailing,followedbyanexplosionintexting,haspushedthetelephoneconversationintoseriousdecline,creatingnewtensionsbetweenbabyboomersandmillennial-thoseintheirteens,20sandearly30s.

Nearlyallagegroupsarespendinglesstimetalkingonthephone;boomersintheirmid-5Osandearly60saretheonlyonesstillyakkingastheydidwhenMaBellwasAmerica’scommunicationsqueen.Butthefallofthecallisdrivenby18-to-34-year-olds,whoseaveragemonthlyvoiceminuteshaveplungedfromabout1,200to900inthepasttwoyears,accordingtotheresearchbyNielsen.Textingamong18-to-24-year-oldshasmorethandoubledinthesameperiod,fromanaverageof600messagesamonthtwoyearsagotomorethan1,400textsamonth,accordingtoNielsen.

Youngpeoplesaytheyavoidvoicecallsbecausetheimmediacyofaphonecallstripsthemofthecontrolthattheyhaveoverthearguablyless-intimatepleasuresoftexting,e-mailing,orFacebooking.Theyevencomplainthatphonecallsarebytheirnatureimpolite,moreofaninterruptionthantheblipofanarrivingtext.Thebias,againstunexpectedphonecallsstemsingoodpartfromthewaytextingande-mailhaveconditionedyoungpeopletobecautiousabouthowtheycommunicatewhentheyarenotfacetoface,experts,say.

DeborahTannen,alinguisticsprofessoratGeorgetownUniversitywhostudieshowpeopleconverseineverydaylife,saidoldergenerationsmisinterpretthewayyoungerpeopleusetheircellphones.“Onestudenttoldmethatittakesherdaystocallherparentsbackandtheparentsthoughtshewasintentionallyputtingthemoff.”shesaid.“Buttheparentsdidn’tgetit.It’sthemedium.”

Thedifferenceincommunicationspreferenceshascreatedapalpableperceptiongapbetweenyoungadultsandtheirparents.JaneBeard,whocoachesbusinessleadersonpublicspeaking,saidthatwhenherniece,LindsaySpencer,20,“isinclassesattheUniversityofMaryland,I’llneverhearfromheruntilshecomesovertodothelaundry.Wetextmultipletimesaday.”

ButBeardisunderstandingaboutthechangeinwaysofconversing.Notallparentsarequitethatopentonewways.“Mymomgetsoffended,”saidMuggagaKintu,32,anadministrativeassistantatWalterReedArmyMedicalCenterwhopreferstextingorcallingonhisowntimewhenhe’snotaroundpatients.“ShethinksIdon’twanttohearfromher,andthat’snotthecase.OnedayshecalledmewhenIwasatwork,andItoldher,‘Insteadofcallingme,canyoutextme?’‘What?Youdon’tliketohearfromme?Youdon’tlikethesoundofmyvoice?’Shesaid.”

1.WhodrivesthedeclineoftelephoneconversationaccordingtotheresearchbyNielsen?

2.Whydotheyoungpeopleavoidphonecalls?

3.Whatdoexpertssayaboutyoungpeople’sbiasagainstunexpectedphonecalls?

4.AccordingtoDeborahTannen,theoldergenerationsshouldrecognizethat______.

5.WhatcanweconcludebasedontheexperiencesofJaneBeardandMuggagaKintu?

A.Thelesspopularityofphonecallsshouldarousetheyoung’sconcern.

B.Liveshavechangedfundamentallyduetothechangeofcommunication.

C.Answeringaphonecallcausesgreatpressureontheyoung.

D.Perceptiongapemergesduetodifferentcommunicationpreferences.

問題1選項

A.Babyboomers.

B.Millennials.

C.18-to-34-year-olds.

D.18-to-24-year-olds.

問題2選項

A.Theyfeeltheyaredeprivedofcontrol.

B.Theyfeelnotintimateenoughtohavephonecalls.

C.Theywanttomakeshorterconversations.

D.Theyfallvictimtotheneglectofphonecalls.

問題3選項

A.Itisbecausetheyareafraidthattheymaybeseenasrudeorintrusive.

B.Itrootsinthewaythate-mailsandtextsenablethemtomakemorecarefulresponses.

C.Theytendtomakeanappointmentbytextingbeforetheycall.

D.Theybecomelessaddictedtoface-to-facecommunication.

問題4選項

A.theirchildrenarejusttoobusytoreply

B.it’sthemediumthatmakesdifference

C.childrencomplainaboutthefrequentcalls

D.theyareintrudingtheirchildren’slives

問題5選項

A.theirchildrenarejusttoobusytoreply

B.it’sthemediumthatmakesdifference

C.childrencomplainaboutthefrequentcalls

D.theyareintrudingtheirchildren’slives

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文中第二段第三句Butthefallofthecallisdrivenby18-to-34-year-olds,whoseaveragemonthlyvoiceminuteshaveplungedfromabout1,200to900inthepasttwoyears,accordingtotheresearchbyNielsen.（尼爾森公司的調(diào)查顯示，18歲至34歲的年輕人是通話次數(shù)減少的主要原因，在過去兩年中，他們每月平均通話時間從1200分鐘下降到900分鐘）。C選項“18到34歲的人群”，文章所說，18-34歲通話的人數(shù)減少，因此C選項正確。A選項“嬰兒潮出生的一代人”，嬰兒不能使用手機通話，因此A選項可排除。B選項“千禧之子”，文章只是說千禧一代的通話減少，但并不是主要原因。D選項“18到24歲的人群”，文章所說，這個時代的人，短信數(shù)量激增，因此也可排除D。因此正確答案為C選項。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章第三段第一句Youngpeoplesaytheyavoidvoicecallsbecausetheimmediacyofaphonecallstripsthemofthecontrol（年輕人說，他們不喜歡打語音電話，因為電話的即時性使他們失去了控制權(quán)）。A選項“他們覺得自己被剝奪了控制權(quán)”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項正確。B選項“他們覺得沒有親密到可以打電話”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項“他們想要進(jìn)行簡短的對話”，他們認(rèn)為打電話是一種打擾，并不是簡短的對話，C選項可排除。D選項“他們成了忽視電話的受害者”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。因此正確答案為A選項。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Thebias,againstunexpectedphonecallsstemsingoodpartfromthewaytextingande-mailhaveconditionedyoungpeopletobecautiousabouthowtheycommunicatewhentheyarenotfacetoface,experts,say.（專家表示，這種對“意外來電”的偏見很大程度上源于短信和電子郵件的方式，這種方式使年輕人在非面對面交流時謹(jǐn)慎對待交流方式）。B選項“它的根源在于，電子郵件和短信使他們能夠做出更謹(jǐn)慎的回應(yīng)”，符合文章所說的內(nèi)容，短信和電子郵件使年輕人有更謹(jǐn)慎的回應(yīng)，因此B選項正確。A選項“這是因為他們害怕他們可能會被認(rèn)為是粗魯或侵犯”，A選項的情節(jié)過于嚴(yán)重，文章是說他們認(rèn)為打電話是一種打擾，A選項可排除。C選項“他們傾向于在打電話之前先發(fā)短信預(yù)約”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項“他們不太喜歡面對面的交流”，這并不是造成他們對打電話的偏見的主要原因，D選項可排除。因此正確答案為B選項。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Onestudenttoldmethatittakesherdaystocallherparentsbackandtheparentsthoughtshewasintentionallyputtingthemoff.”shesaid.“Buttheparentsdidn’tgetit.It’sthemedium”.（“一個學(xué)生告訴我，她花了好幾天時間給父母回電話，而父母認(rèn)為她是故意拖延?！彼f?！暗议L們并不理解。它是媒介”）。B選項“這是不同的媒介”，父母和孩子對待打電話的觀念不一樣，孩子認(rèn)為打電話屬于一種媒介，父母卻不理解，因此B選項正確。A選項“他們的孩子只是太忙了，沒有時間回復(fù)”，文章并沒有提到此內(nèi)容，因此可排除A選項。C選項“孩子們抱怨頻繁的電話”，文章沒有提到孩子抱怨接電話，可排除。D選項“他們正在干涉孩子們的生活”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此正確答案為B選項。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句Thedifferenceincommunicationspreferenceshascreatedapalpableperceptiongapbetweenyoungadultsandtheirparents.（在溝通偏好上的差異已經(jīng)在年輕人和他們的父母之間造成了一個明顯的認(rèn)知鴻溝）最后一段最后一句OnedayshecalledmewhenIwasatwork,andItoldher,‘Insteadofcallingme,canyoutextme?’‘What?Youdon’tliketohearfromme?Youdon’tlikethesoundofmyvoice?’Shesaid.”（有一天她在我工作的時候給我打電話，我告訴她，“你能不能別給我打電話，發(fā)個短信給我？”“什么？你不喜歡我的消息嗎？你不喜歡我的聲音嗎？”她說）。可推測年輕人與父母溝通方式上產(chǎn)生著差異。D選項“由于溝通偏好的不同，產(chǎn)生了感知差距”，符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項正確。A選項“電話越來越少應(yīng)該引起年輕人的關(guān)注”，從這兩位的話語，并不能體現(xiàn)這個內(nèi)容，可排除A。B選項“通訊方式的改變從根本上改變了人們的生活”，文中只是說父母和年輕人的通訊方式不一樣，并沒有從根本上發(fā)生改變。B選項可排除。C選項“接電話對年輕人造成很大的壓力”，年輕人只是不喜歡接電話，并不是說接電話會讓他們產(chǎn)生較大的壓力。因此正確答案為D選項。

8.單選題

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

問題1選項

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。A選項“向前移動，轉(zhuǎn)移”；B選項“某人拒絕，放過機會”；C選項“機會等從……旁邊過去”；D選項“分發(fā)，分配”，句意：湯姆在中國待了兩個月，從來（）機會練習(xí)中文。本句想表示的是“從不放過學(xué)習(xí)英語的機會”，因此B選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.

Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportedinabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas“background”)，proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).

Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchersorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.

Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch.

Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（）.

2.Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthispassage?

4.Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?

問題1選項

A.WritingofResearchReports.

B.TypesofJournalArticles

C.TypesofResearchReports.

D.WritingofDifferentArticles.

問題2選項

A.theiraimsandpossibleaudiences

B.theirwritingstyleandlength

C.theirpresentedplacesandtime

D.theircontentandpurposes

問題3選項

A.Allthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspokenlanguage