考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Democraticgovernmentisaphrasethatisnotoriouslyhardto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.defend

C.modify

D.define

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。credit信任，歸功于；defend辯護(hù)，防守；modify修改；define定義。

句意：民主政府這個(gè)詞眾所周知的難以定義。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Thisspaciousroomis______furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lightly

B.hardly

C.sparsely

D.rarely

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.lightly輕柔地，輕微地B.hardly幾乎不，幾乎沒有

C.sparsely稀疏地；貧乏地D.rarely罕有，很少

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后面的afew（幾個(gè)）說明是僅僅有少數(shù)幾件家具，東西不多，而sparsely表示數(shù)量少地，該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合句意；

B、D項(xiàng)含有否定的意思，與后面的justafewarticles（僅有幾件家具）不符合。

【句意】這個(gè)寬敞的房間只零星布置了幾件家具。

3.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human–relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeageanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaryhutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain--bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow—competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemformabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfoildevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocoulddipfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.”，可知總的來說，我們的社會(huì)正在變成一個(gè)由官僚主義管理下的大型企業(yè)，在這種管理下，人成了機(jī)器上一個(gè)小小的、潤(rùn)滑的機(jī)械化齒輪?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為與社會(huì)其他部分相比，人是一個(gè)不重要的部分。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”，可知他們從生到死從來沒有面對(duì)過人類作為情感和智力獨(dú)立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)?？膳袛喑龉と撕凸蛦T焦慮的真正原因是他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.”，可知社會(huì)地位較高的人也同樣焦慮。他們的生活和他們的下屬一樣空虛?？膳袛嗟匚桓叩娜撕偷匚坏偷娜硕纪瑯咏箲]，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow—competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.”，可知這種不斷地證明自己與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手一樣優(yōu)秀或比對(duì)手更好的需要，造成了不斷的焦慮和壓力，而這些正是不快樂和疾病的根源。選項(xiàng)C可排除。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystem…intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfoildevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.”，可知作者建議把社會(huì)變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，人與潛能的發(fā)展，即所有的愛和理性的潛能，是社會(huì)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)?？膳袛喑鲎髡呓ㄗh使人能成分發(fā)揮他的潛能。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章一開始提到了在工業(yè)化社會(huì)中，人們變得渺小，成為這個(gè)社會(huì)大型企業(yè)的一個(gè)機(jī)械齒輪，工人和雇主都變得焦慮。上層人士和底層的工人在工業(yè)化的社會(huì)中都感到焦慮和不安，沒有任何幸福感可言?？膳袛喑鲎髡哂么罅康钠U述了工業(yè)化社會(huì)帶來的消極影響，所以作者的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Themeasuresarelittlemorethan____thatwillfadefastonceinvestorstakeahardlookatthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blindfaith

B.windowdressing

C.goodimpression

D.winningimage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“blindfaith”，意為“盲目的信念”；B選項(xiàng)“windowdressing”，意為“裝點(diǎn)門面”；C選項(xiàng)“goodimpression”，意為“好的印象”；D選項(xiàng)“winningimage”意為“贏者的形象”，句意：這些措施不過是裝點(diǎn)門面，一旦投資者仔細(xì)觀察，它們很快就會(huì)消失。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleams

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。glance掃視，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，強(qiáng)調(diào)快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒視，強(qiáng)調(diào)目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地“注視”；gleam閃光，瞬息的一現(xiàn)，還可指情感流露。根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Evidencecameupthat______speechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specific

B.distinctive

C.explicit

D.blunt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)specific“特殊的，特定的；明確的；詳細(xì)的”，著重指某種、某類事物具有的特殊或特定的屬性；B選項(xiàng)distinctive“獨(dú)特的，有特色的；與眾不同的”，常被用來突出某個(gè)特點(diǎn)，也就是說由于某個(gè)特點(diǎn)的存在使其不同于其他的人或事物；C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的；清楚的；直率的；詳述的”；D選項(xiàng)blunt“鈍的，不鋒利的；生硬的；直率的”。句意：有證據(jù)表明，6個(gè)月大的嬰兒就能識(shí)別______語(yǔ)音。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)音，用“特定的”一詞修飾更符合句意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

They’llhaveyou（

）ifyoudon'tpayyourtaxes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobearrested

B.arrest

C.arrested

D.beingarrested

【答案】C

【解析】考查havesb.done句型。havesb.done表示“讓某人被……”；havesb.do“讓某人做……”；havesb.doing“讓某人一直做……”。句意：你如果不納稅，他們會(huì)讓你被捕。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Wedon’tthinkitisagoodhabitforTomto____inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntohim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impart

B.ponder

C.abound

D.meddle

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.impart（~sthtosb）通知B.ponder（~about/on/oversth）仔細(xì)思考

C.abound（~with/in）充滿；富于D.meddle（~in/withsth）干涉；管閑事

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填詞搭配的介詞為in，賓語(yǔ)為“與他無關(guān)的事”，并且原句對(duì)此給出的評(píng)價(jià)是“不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣”，由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“干涉；管閑事”符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為Tom介入與他無關(guān)的事情不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。

9.單選題

Hardly（

）whenaloudexplosionwasheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetrainhadstarted

B.thetrainhadbeenstarted

C.hadthetrainstarted

D.didthetrainstart

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:在沒有發(fā)出巨響的爆炸聲前，火車很難啟動(dòng)。

Hardly是一個(gè)否定詞位于句首,故用倒裝。這里是過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。

10.單選題

Theenergy（）bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transferred

B.released

C.conveyed

D.delivered

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。Transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)移;release釋放;convey傳達(dá),運(yùn)輸;deliver遞送,釋放。句意:鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)的能量被轉(zhuǎn)化為熱量。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsethespaceprovidedonyourAnswerSheetII.

TOPICWhatmarksthematurity(成熟)ofaperson?Givereasonsoruseexamplestoillustrateyourpoints.

【答案】【參考范文】

Whenweareyoung,wehavequiteaselfishattitudetowardslife.Ourpriorityistoseekpersonalhappiness.Weprefertoavoidactivitieswedonotenjoy.Asaresult,ourelderssuchasparentsorteachersfrequentlyresorttorewardsorpunitivemeasurestoforceustoassumeresponsibilitieswewouldratheravoid.

However,aswegrowold,welearnthatlifeisalotmorethanpursuingpersonalhappinessonly.Werealizethatwehaveresponsibilitiesnotonlytowardsourselvesbutalsotowardsotherpeopleaswellasthegreatersociety.Thismomentofrealizationiswhatmarksthematurityofaperson.Weembracethefactthatwehavedifferentrolestoplayandeachrolemaycomewithdifferentsetsofresponsibilities.Asanemployee,weareresponsiblenotonlyforourselvesbutalsohaveobligationstowardsfellowemployees,thecompany,andexternalstakeholderssuchasthecustomers.Asaparent,wehaveresponsibilitiestowardsourchildren.Andassomeoneinanintimaterelationship,wehaveresponsibilitiestowardsoursignificanthalf.Similarly,asacitizen,wehaveresponsibilitiestowardsfellowcitizensaswellasourcountry.

Aresponsibleandmaturepersonisoftenlessselfishandmoreconsideratetowardsotherpeoplethanhisorheryoungerselves.Thematurityisthenaturaloutcomeofyearsoflifeexperiencesthatturnusintowiserbeings.Whilematurityhelpsusmakebetterqualitydecisions,italsocomplicatesthedecision-makingprocess.Asyoungindividuals,ourdecision-makingprocessisoftenimpulsiveandintuitive.However,asmatureindividuals,thedecision-makingprocessbecomesdeliberativebecauseweconsidertheimpactofourdecisionsonnotonlyourselvesbutalsootherpeoplewhomaybeaffectedbyit.

Inconclusion,havingasenseofresponsibilitymarksthematurityofaperson.Withresponsibility,amaturepersonislessselfish,wiser,andmoreconsideratethanhisorheryoungerself.Heorshemaymakethedecisionsslowerasamaturepersonthanasayoungpersonbutthedecisionsmadeasamaturepersonalsotendtobeofhigherqualitythanthosemadeasayoungperson.

12.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakness,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assurance

B.encouragement

C.persuasion

D.confirmation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果一個(gè)人談?wù)撟约旱娜觞c(diǎn)，那么他就會(huì)期望聽者說些鼓勵(lì)的話。

考查名詞辨析。assurance保證;擔(dān)保;encouragement鼓勵(lì)；persuasion勸服；confirmation確認(rèn);證實(shí)。因此B符合句意。

13.單選題

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights’Entertainments.Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythingshaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence—thatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichbelived.Oneofhisfather’sministershavingdiscoveredhim,revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahme.”Wethinkthatthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop.Oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

39.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsisoneof______.

40.Theauthorbelievesthatachild______.

41.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto______.

42.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admiration

B.indifference

C.suspicion

D.repulsion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach.

B.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo.

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin.

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment.

B.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue.

C.honorthewisdomofthepastages.

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.historyandeconomics.

B.societyandpopulation.

C.biologyandphysics.

D.theologyandphilosophy.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】39.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度是……”。文章第三句提到Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.（如果我們只尊重必然的東西，尊重有權(quán)威為必然的東西，那么音樂和詩(shī)歌會(huì)重新在街上唱誦）以及最后一句說到Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.（雖然詩(shī)人或藝術(shù)家從來沒有如此美好和崇高的設(shè)想，但至少他的一些后代會(huì)達(dá)到這一步的），從這兩個(gè)句子我們可以知道作者把藝術(shù)看作是崇高和美好，而不是被蒙蔽的東西，所以A項(xiàng)“欽佩，贊賞”符合。B項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”、C項(xiàng)“懷疑”和D項(xiàng)“反感，厭惡”都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者相信一個(gè)孩子……”。第七句提到Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily…（孩子們游戲生活，卻比那些難以很好生活的成人們更能清楚的分辨出顯示生活的真正規(guī)律和聯(lián)系……），由此可知，對(duì)于生活中的困難和問題，作者相信孩子們能夠比成年人更好地去面對(duì)，故B項(xiàng)“常常比成年人更好地面對(duì)各種問題”符合題意。C項(xiàng)“幾乎不知道他的真實(shí)出身”，這是講的王子的事情，不是一般的孩子。A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該實(shí)踐印度布道所宣揚(yáng)的東西”和D項(xiàng)“難以欣賞藝術(shù)”在文中沒有描述。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

41.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)心的是敦促讀者……”。文章提到Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.（永恒中，確實(shí)有真實(shí)和崇高的東西存在。但是所有這一切時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，機(jī)遇都是在此時(shí)此地。上帝本身在現(xiàn)時(shí)達(dá)到了頂峰。在今后流逝的歲月中，它絕不會(huì)更加神圣崇高。我們只有長(zhǎng)期不斷地灌輸和浸潤(rùn)在周圍現(xiàn)實(shí)之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的東西。），由此可知，真實(shí)和崇高的東西都是存在于現(xiàn)在的，在今后的歲月中，絕對(duì)不會(huì)變得更加神圣和崇高，所以可推知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人們應(yīng)該珍惜現(xiàn)在，所以B項(xiàng)“珍視目前的真正價(jià)值”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“展望未來，尋求啟迪”與原文不符。C項(xiàng)“尊重過去的智慧”和D項(xiàng)“花更多的時(shí)間在休閑活動(dòng)上”沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……的問題”。通讀全文可知，文章整篇都在就真理和現(xiàn)實(shí)來展開論述，傳遞的內(nèi)容是哲學(xué)推理論說，所以D項(xiàng)“神學(xué)和哲學(xué)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”、B項(xiàng)“社會(huì)和人口”和C項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)和物理學(xué)”都在文中找不到相關(guān)的信息。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Awell-writtencomposition______goodchoiceofwordsandclearorganizationamongotherthings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)callon“訪問，拜訪；號(hào)召，請(qǐng)求”；B選項(xiàng)callfor“要求；需要；提倡；邀請(qǐng)；為……叫喊；前往接某人”；C選項(xiàng)callup“打電話給；使想起；提出”；D選項(xiàng)calloff“取消；叫走；放棄；宣告終止”。句意：一篇寫得好的作文，除其他外，還要求選詞得當(dāng)，條理清晰。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Ihaven’tgotthe（）ideaofwhatyoumean.Wouldyoupleasemakeitcleartome?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lightest

B.furthest

C.smallest

D.faintest

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lightest最輕的，最亮的；furthest最遠(yuǎn)的，最大程度的；smallest最小的；faintest一點(diǎn)也不的，極小的。由下文“你能說清楚一些嗎？”可推知前面“我沒有弄懂你說的意思”，故D項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Somedisputesamongthesecountriesare____byhistory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leftover

B.turnedover

C.handedover

D.takenover

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.leftover留下B.turnedover移交給；翻閱；反復(fù)考慮

C.handedover（把某事）交給……負(fù)責(zé)D.takenover接管；接替

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析與語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】空格處前后語(yǔ)義為“這些國(guó)家之間的一些爭(zhēng)端是被歷史____”，由此可知，與空格處所填短語(yǔ)搭配的是“國(guó)家間的一些爭(zhēng)端”和“歷史”，A選項(xiàng)leftover“留下”最符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接，指“被歷史遺留下來的爭(zhēng)端”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】這些國(guó)家之間的一些爭(zhēng)端是歷史遺留下來的。

17.單選題

Ifnoacquisitionwascognizedasrightfuleveninaprovisionalway（）enteringthecivilcondition,thecivilconditionitselfwouldbeimpossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anteriorbefore

B.posteriorto

C.priorbefore

D.priorto

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。anterior“先前的”；posteriorto“晚于”；priorto“居先”；prior“優(yōu)先的”。句意：如果獲取行為被認(rèn)為是合理的，甚至是以暫時(shí)的方式提前申請(qǐng)民用條件，那么民用條件本身變得不可能。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.單選題

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolves“決定；決心要做”；B選項(xiàng)unsolved“未解決的；未解答的”；C選項(xiàng)dissolves“溶解；分解”；D選項(xiàng)shoves“擠；強(qiáng)使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨會(huì)侵蝕樹葉，……它們的蠟涂層。根據(jù)attackstheleaves（侵蝕樹葉）可推測(cè)acidrain（酸雨）的危害極大，A選項(xiàng)resolves（決定）不符合題意，B選項(xiàng)unsolved（未解決的）可排除，D選項(xiàng)shoves（擠）不符合題意，可排除，結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Presumably,excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoodshasseriousconsequencesashasbeenproved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoretically

B.Practically

C.Incredibly

D.Probably

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。presumably“大概；推測(cè)起來；可假定”；A選項(xiàng)theoretically“理論地；理論上”；B選項(xiàng)practically“實(shí)際地；幾乎；事實(shí)上”；C選項(xiàng)incredibly“難以置信地；非常地”；D選項(xiàng)probably“大概；或許；很可能”。句意：據(jù)推測(cè)，過量食用油炸食品會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果，這已被證明。根據(jù)句中“excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoods吃油炸食品過多”可知presumably在這里應(yīng)表示一種推測(cè)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.翻譯題

Thedistinctionbetweenthemechanizationofthepastandwhatishappeningnowis,however,notasharpone.Atoneextremewehavetheelectroniccomputerwithitsquiteremarkablecapacityfordiscriminationandcontrol,whileattheotherendofthescaleare“transfermachines”,astheyarenowcalled,whichmaybeassimpleasaconveyorbelttoanother.Anautomaticmechanismisonewhichhasacapacityforself-regulation;thatis,itcanregulateorcontrolthesystemorprocesswithouttheneedforconstanthumanattentionoradjustment.Nowpeopleoftentalkabout“feedback”asbeinganessentialfactorofthenewindustrialtechniques,uponwhichisbasedanautomaticself-regulatingsystemandbyvirtueofwhichanydeviationinthesystemfromdesiredconditionscanbedetected,measured,reportedandcorrected.When“feedback”isappliedtotheprocessbywhichalargedigitalcomputerrunsattheimmensespeedthroughalongseriesofsums,constantlyrejectingtheanswersuntilitfindsonetofitacomplexsetoffactswhichhavebeenputtoit,itisperhapsdifferentindegreefromwhatwehavepreviouslybeenaccustomedtomachines.

【答案】然而，過去的機(jī)械化和今天所發(fā)生的一切之間的區(qū)別并不大。一方面，我們的電腦具有驚人的分辨能力和控制能力，另一方面，則是傳送機(jī)，最簡(jiǎn)單的是傳送帶。自動(dòng)機(jī)械就是一個(gè)有自控能力的裝置，也就是說，它不需要人經(jīng)常調(diào)整和看管，也能夠調(diào)節(jié)或控制系統(tǒng)或過程?，F(xiàn)在人們常說‘反饋’是這些新工業(yè)技術(shù)的根本要素，自動(dòng)的自我調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制就是建立在反饋基礎(chǔ)上的，通過它可以發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)與理想狀態(tài)間的任何偏離，并加以測(cè)量，報(bào)告并糾正。大型計(jì)算機(jī)高速進(jìn)行著各種運(yùn)算，當(dāng)‘反饋’被運(yùn)用于該過程中，計(jì)算機(jī)就會(huì)不斷否決錯(cuò)誤答案，直到找到與輸入的信息相符的正確答案為止，這種機(jī)制與我們以前熟悉的機(jī)器差別很大。

21.單選題

Hetreatedatwenty-one-year-oldgirlwithastubborncaseofheadache.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.panic

B.persistent

C.severe

D.stern

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。stubborn表示“頑固的，頑強(qiáng)的”；A項(xiàng)panic“恐慌的”，B項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，堅(jiān)持不懈的”，C項(xiàng)severe“嚴(yán)峻的，嚴(yán)厲的”，D項(xiàng)stern“嚴(yán)厲的，堅(jiān)定的”。句意：他治療了一個(gè)患有頑固性頭痛的21歲女孩。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Heknewat（）levelthathewasguilty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Spirit

B.gut

C.soul

D.eye

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spirit“精神，心靈，情緒，志氣，烈酒”，專指人的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)、意志和精神或者某事物的主要目的、含義、代表的精神；B選項(xiàng)gut“勇氣，膽量，腸子”；C選項(xiàng)soul“靈魂，心靈，精神，鬼魂”；D選項(xiàng)eye“眼睛，視力，眼光，見解，觀點(diǎn)”。句意：他知道他在精神上是有罪的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。primary意為“首要的，主要的，初級(jí)的，最初的”，指處于初級(jí)或低級(jí)狀態(tài)；elementary意為“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始階段，或指學(xué)習(xí)某一學(xué)科或接受教育等處于入門階段或只是剛剛接觸的基本知識(shí)或原理；fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的，根本的”，指作為基礎(chǔ)、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意為“初步的，初級(jí)的”指在正式開始舉某活動(dòng)之前進(jìn)行的“初步的、預(yù)備的”活動(dòng)。由sketches（草圖）可知選D。

句意：他畫了一些初步的草圖，作為他畫肖像之前的指導(dǎo)。

24.單選題

Somepeopleseemto（）onthepressureofworkingunderadeadline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.render

B.evolve

C.prevail

D.thrive

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。render報(bào)答；歸還；給予；evolve演變，進(jìn)化；prevail盛行，流行；thrive興旺，繁榮，茁壯成長(zhǎng)。句意:有些人似乎在最后期限工作的壓力下。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

25.寫作題

Directions:“Publishorperish”iswell-knownintheacademicworld.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisviewpoints.Pleaseexpressyouropinioninabout150words.

【答案】略

26.單選題

Themobwas（）bythefieryspeechandthentheymarcheddownthemainstreet,andsetmanyChinesestoresonfire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wakened

B.aroused

C.inspired

D.agitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:wake“喚醒”；B:arouse“引起，喚醒”；C:inspire“鼓舞，激發(fā)”；D:agitate“動(dòng)搖，煽動(dòng)，使激動(dòng)”。句意：暴民被激烈的演說煽動(dòng)，紛紛走上街頭，把很多中國(guó)的商店點(diǎn)著了。根據(jù)句意和關(guān)鍵詞：暴民、激烈的演說可知D為正確答案。

27.單選題

Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.

Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmorethanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.

Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectorofthenationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness.Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.

GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.D.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays."Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”

1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose.

2.AccordingtoFozard,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby.

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork.

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B.whoarehighlyintelligent

C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentthings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.constantlydoingmemorywork

B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C.goingthroughspecifictraining

D.makingfrequentadjustments

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.remaintobefurtherproved

B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C.havebeengenerallyaccepted

D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains

C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.howbiochemicalchangesoccurinhumanbrain

B.whypeopleshouldkeepactivebothphysicallyandmentally

C.howintellectualactivitiesinfluencehealth

D.whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到當(dāng)人們動(dòng)腦筋的時(shí)候大腦會(huì)發(fā)生變化，使其在注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用（Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory），由此可知有善于動(dòng)腦的人認(rèn)知上更健康，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到了Fozard的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為普通人沒有必要去做大量的記憶訓(xùn)練，只要讓思維保持警覺就可以（Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段最后一句話提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能來挑戰(zhàn)自己的大腦（Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句話Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage…可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一二段提到研究人員證實(shí)當(dāng)人們動(dòng)腦筋時(shí)，會(huì)使得注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用；第三四段提到幾位研究人員對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步說明，并且建議隨著年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)，身體和精神都應(yīng)該得到鍛煉，因此選項(xiàng)B“為什么人們應(yīng)該在身體和精神上都保持活躍”符合題意。

28.填空題

Pesticides,themostcost-effective（1）ofpestandweedcontrol,allowthemaintenanceofcurrentyieldsandsocontribute（2）economicviability.Concernabouttheenvironmentalimpactofrepeatedpesticideusehaspromptedresearchintotheenvironmentalfateoftheseagents,which（3）emigratefromtreatedfieldstoair,otherlandandwaterbodies.How（4）thepesticideremainsinthesoildependsonhowstronglyitisboundbysoilcomponentsandhowreadilyitisdegraded.It（5）dependsontheenvironmentalconditionsatthetimeofapplication,e.g.oilwatercontent.Pesticideusemustensurepublicsafetyandenvironmentalprotectionwith（6）toboththechemicalitselfandtheirpotentiallyharmfulmetabolites.Thispaperreviewswhatisknownofthe（7）ofthephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofthesoilsystem,suchasmoisturecontent,organicmatterandclaycontents,andpH,onthesorption/desorptionanddegradationofpesticidesandtheiraccesstogroundwaterandsurfacewaters.Anunderstandingofthefateofpesticidesisessentialforrationaldecision-takingregardingtheirauthorization.Toreachanadequateunderstandingwillrequiretheconcourse（8）soilscience,claymineralogy,physicalchemistry,surfacechemistry,environmentalmicrobiology,plantphysiologyand,nodoubt,otherdisciplines.

（9）throughamultidisciplinaryapproachtoenvironmentalresearchwillitbepossibletoplan,manage,pursueandintegratetheresultsofthestudiesthatwillbenecessaryforthedevelopmentoftoolsandtechniquesallowingeffectiveenv