考研考博-英語-天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Whenproprietaryinformationisaconcern,rememberthatnondisclosureagreementsmaybeapartofone’sspecifications,andthatfirmsmaybeevaluatedbasedontheircompliance.Whilevitaltechnologiesandproductdevelopmentplansmustbeprotected,foreignsourcingpartnersmusthaveadequateinformationtoenablethemtoperformtospecifications.Iftheinformationissimplytoosensitivetoshare,thatmaybeanargumentformakingthe“make”decisionratherthan“buy”inconsideringoutsourcingattheoutset.

【答案】

當(dāng)涉及到專有信息時，請謹(jǐn)記：保密協(xié)議可作為個人規(guī)范的一部分，并可基于協(xié)議的遵守情況評估公司。盡管關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品研發(fā)計劃必須受到保護(hù)，但是國外的采購合作商也必須擁有足夠的信息才能按照規(guī)格操作。如果這些信息太敏感而無法共享，這可能說明，在開始考慮外包時，需做出“制造”而不是“購買”的決定。

2.單選題

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

問題1選項

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項impart“給予（尤指抽象事物），傳授；告知，透露”；B選項ponder“考慮；沉思”；C選項meddle“干預(yù)；干涉”；D選項abound“富于；充滿”。句意：去干涉與你無關(guān)的事情是不明智的。根據(jù)句意判斷出C選項正確。

3.單選題

Theyarrivedatsomepoliticalagreementsthatfacilitatedtroopwithdrawals.

問題1選項

A.established

B.maximized

C.guaranteed

D.promoted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：他們達(dá)成了一些政治上的協(xié)議，這……撤軍。facilitate意為“促進(jìn)，幫助，使容易”。A選項establish“創(chuàng)立，建立”；B選項maximize“最大化”；C選項guarantee“保證，擔(dān)?！保籇選項promote“促進(jìn)，提升”。選項D與之意思最為相近，符合語境。

4.單選題

Thepoliceare（）theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.

問題1選項

A.verifying

B.acknowledging

C.expressing

D.confessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項verify“核實(shí)；查證”；B選項acknowledge“承認(rèn)；答謝；報償”；C選項express“表達(dá)；快遞”；D選項confess“承認(rèn)；坦白；懺悔”。句意：警察通過詢問幾個證人來……囚犯的供詞。證人的意義在于“核實(shí)”，因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so（

）athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

問題1選項

A.shrewd

B.foxy

C.considerate

D.adroit

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項shrewd“精明的，敏銳的”，指有頭腦，善于判斷分析，精明過人；B選項foxy“狡猾的”；C選項considerate“考慮周到的，體貼的”；D選項adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干練的，機(jī)敏的”。根據(jù)空格處前后句意，可知空格處與tactless（得罪人的，不圓通的）表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：本杰明?富蘭克林，年輕時并不圓滑，后來變得很有外交手腕，善于與人打交道，因此被任命為美國駐法國大使。

6.單選題

Youareexposedtoobtrusiveadsthat_______seeminglyfromnowhereevenwhenyouaredisconnectedfromtheNet,andyourpersonalinformationgatheredandsentoffwithoutyoubeingawareofit.

問題1選項

A.sizeup

B.dwindleaway

C.conjureup

D.popup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“sizeup”意為“打量；估計……的大小；判斷；（使）符合要求或規(guī)格；評估”；B選項“dwindleaway”意為“減少；消失”；C選項“conjureup”意為“用魔法召喚；使想起”；D選項“popup”意為“突然出現(xiàn)”。句意：你接觸著冒失的廣告，它們似乎可以從任何地方突然冒出，甚至當(dāng)你不在線時，你的個人信息也被收集和發(fā)送，而你沒有意識到它。由題干可知，obtrusiveads（冒失的廣告）和fromnowhere（不知從什么地方）說明這些廣告會突然從某個地方冒出來。因此D選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Tryingmilitarywrongdoersmayannoythearmedforces,and（

）afreshconflict.

問題1選項

A.proliferate

B.provoke

C.nurture

D.proclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。proliferate意為“激增，猛增”；provoke意為“激起，挑起”；nurture意為“養(yǎng)育”；proclaim意為“宣告，公布”。

句意：嘗試軍事犯罪的不法分子可能會打亂軍事力量，從而激起新的矛盾。

8.單選題

Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmayoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismorplatetectonicsbuttoaninvestigationofmarineextinctions.Intheearly1980’s,scientistsbegantolookcloselyatthequestionofhowtheseextinctionsoccur.Twopaleontologists,RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.Theremassextinctionsoccurredatsurprisinglyregularintervals.

Laterstudiesrevealedthatextinctionsofterrestrialreptilesandmammalsalsooccurredperiodically.Thesefindings,combinedwiththeresearchofRaupandSepkoski,ledscientiststohypothesizetheexistenceofsomekindofcyclicallyrecurringforcepowerfulenoughtoaffectlivingthingsprofoundly.Speculationthatsopowerfulaforcemightaffectgeologiceventsaswellledgeologiststosearchforevidenceofperiodicityinepisodesofvolcanism,seafloorspreading,andplatemovement.

1.TheauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelydescribethefindingsofRaupandSepkoskias（

）.

2.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RaupandSepkoski’sresearchwasconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.Plausible,becausethefindingssupportedthetheoriesofpreviousresearchers.

B.Significant,becausethefindingswereanimpetusforsubsequentresearch.

C.Controversial,becausethefindingscontradictedthetheoriesofpreviousresearchers.

D.Questionable,becausetheauthorswerenotworkingintheirfieldofexpertise

問題2選項

A.Determiningthedatesofvariousgeologicevents

B.DefendingtheconclusionsreachedbyRaupandSepkoski

C.Establishingalinkbetweenthedisciplinesofpaleontologyandgeology

D.Explaininghowatheoryconcerninggeologiceventswasformulated.

問題3選項

A.Learningmoreaboutthehabitatsofmarinespecies.

B.Studyingplatetectonicsandtheoccurrenceofvolcanismoverthepast268millionyears

C.Examiningextinctionsofmarinespeciesoverthepast268millionyears

D.Confirmingpreviousevidencesuggestingthatextinctionofterrestrialspeciesoccurredregularly

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“Twopaleontologists,RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.兩位古生物學(xué)家，Raup和Sepkoski，編制了一份在過去2.68億年間滅絕的海洋物種的總清單，并指出，有一段短暫的時期，許多物種同時消失。”這種發(fā)現(xiàn)為后面研究帶來了巨大的影響。B項“意義重大，因為這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是后續(xù)研究的推動力?！毕喾?。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段第一句話“Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmayoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismorplatetectonics...認(rèn)為重大地質(zhì)事件可能定期發(fā)生這一理論的起源可以追溯到火山活動或板塊構(gòu)造研究?！笨梢钥闯鋈闹饕侵v述板塊理論如何形成的。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段“RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.普和塞普科斯基編撰了一份過去2.68億年間滅絕的海洋物種的總名單，并指出，有一段短暫的時期，許多物種同時消失?！笨芍麄冎饕亲C明之前的生物滅絕是突然發(fā)生的還是具有周期性的結(jié)果。C項符合題意。

9.單選題

Shehasthe（

）ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.

問題1選項

A.optimum

B.option

C.orientation

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。optimum意為“最佳效果，最適宜條件”；option意為“選擇權(quán)，選擇（的自由）”；orientation意為“方向，定位”；preference意為“偏愛，喜愛”。

句意：她可以選擇進(jìn)入研究生院或開始她的職業(yè)生涯。

10.單選題

問題1選項

A.fluctuation

B.crisis

C.diminution

D.partition

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.fluctuation起伏，波動B.crisis危機(jī)，危險期

C.diminution減少，降低，縮小D.partition劃分，分隔，分開

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】oscillation在句中的意思是“波動，浮動”，A選項與劃線單詞最為接近，故本題正確答案為A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】因此，如果這個過程發(fā)生了，大氣中二氧化碳的含量可能會長期波動。

11.單選題

HillaryClintononTuesdaystressedthatthebattlefor（）equalityandpreventingviolenceagainstwomenneedstobeapriorityforbothwomenandmen.

問題1選項

A.scandal

B.gender

C.ego

D.asset

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。scandal丑聞；gender性別；ego自我；asset資產(chǎn)。由“andpreventingviolenceagainstwomen防止對婦女的暴力行為”可推知前半句是提倡男女平等。故B項正確。句意：希拉里?克林頓于本周二強(qiáng)調(diào)，男女平等和防止針對女性的暴力行為的斗爭應(yīng)該是男女雙方的首要任務(wù)。

12.單選題

MarciaandBillwere（

）ofthepresident'sscholarshipforfinearts.

問題1選項

A.creators

B.donors

C.recipients

D.instigators

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。creator“創(chuàng)造者，創(chuàng)建者”；donor“捐贈者”；recipient“接受者”；instigator“煽動者，教唆者”。句意：Marcia和Bill是美術(shù)領(lǐng)域的總統(tǒng)獎學(xué)金的接受者。C項符合句意，答案C

13.單選題

ThearomaofchocolateperfumestheairoftheRued’AssasinParis.EnteringChristianConstant'sstate-of-the-artboutique,youfindyourselfinthekingdomofParis'skingofchocolate,wherethehumblecocoabeanisturnedintomouth-wateringchocolateEastereggs.

Constant,whoisachef,admitsthatchocolateishispassionandmaininterestinlife.HefirstdevelopedafascinationwithchocolatewhenhewasworkingforGastonLenotre,afamousFrenchpastrychef.

EveryyearhehasathemefordecoratingEastereggs:thisyearhisdecorationsareinspiredby“ArtNouveau”.Tonighthehasadinnerfor130toorganizeandhehastoprepareathree-foot-highArtNouveau-styleEastereggbynoontomorrow.This,forConstant,isanormalschedule.

Constantbelievesthathischocolatecreationsareasmuchofaworkofartasothersculptures.Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.Constantisalsoaprofessional“nose”,workingcloselywiththeFrenchInstituteofTaste.Heiscapableofidentifying450differenttastesandflavors.Constantexplainsthatthemouth,whichcanonlytastefourthings—salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.

InhisbookTheTasteofChocolate,heexplainshowin1502ChristopherColumbuscameacrossanislandandwentashore.HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.ButColumbus,whodislikedtheoddbittertaste,continuedonhistravelsignorantofthefactthathehadjusttastedcocoa.LikeColumbus,Constanttravelsthecocoacountrieswherehechecksqualityandworkswithlocalexperts.Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.AccordingtoConstant,VenezuelaandTrinidadhavethebestcocoabeans,whichtheyexportallovertheworldeitherasbeansorascocoa.

Constant,whoisahardworker,onlysleepsthreehoursanight.Hetalkslongintothenightwithmembersofaclubhehasformed.Theclubiscalled“TheChocolateMunchers”.Theirmainofficialactivityistogettogetherformonthlydinnerswheretheyeataverytinydinnerandtonsofchocolatedesserts.

“Iamanaddict,”Constantadmits,“andIdon'twanttobecured!”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostinclusivetitleforthepassage?

2.WhatdoesConstantdonow?

3.Constant’snewly-openedbusiness（）.

4.Theunderlinedpart“Constantisalsoa...?nose?”means（）.

5.AccordingtoConstant,（）.

問題1選項

A.Chocolate—ThePassionofaLifetime.

B.TheChocolateMunchersClub.

C.Chocolate—ANewArtForm.

D.TheLastWordinGoodTaste.

問題2選項

A.HeworksforaFrenchpastrychef.

B.Heownshisownrestaurantandtearoom.

C.HeisasculptorforamuseuminParis.

D.HeisachefintheInstituteofTaste.

問題3選項

A.provideschocolateswithvariousflavors

B.exhibitsallofhischocolatesculptures

C.oftenneedstoprepareabigEasterdinner

D.servesasanationalmonumentinParis

問題4選項

A.hebelieveshehasthebestnoseintheworld

B.hisnosecantastesalt,sweet,acidandbitter

C.hisnosecanidentifyvarioustastesandflavors

D.heiscapableofsmellingflavorsfromalongdistance

問題5選項

A.ancientIndiansusedcocoabeansaslocalcurrency

B.Columbuscheckedthequalityofcocoabeansindifferentplaces

C.chocolateaddictionmakespeoplesleepless

D.thequalityofcocoabeansvariesfromregiontoregion

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)全文，文章主要在描述廚師康斯坦丁和巧克力的故事，講述了他對熱衷于做巧克力，并且寫了一本有關(guān)于巧克力的書，整篇文章都表現(xiàn)了他對巧克力獨(dú)特的熱愛，選項A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.”，可知康斯坦丁上個月開了餐廳，白天的時候這家餐廳就成為茶室，提供各式的巧克力。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.”可知，他新開的餐廳的特點(diǎn)，白天是一個茶室，提供各種巧克力，并且可以選擇各種口味的巧克力。選項A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Constantisalsoaprofessional…whichcanonlytastefourthings~salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.”，可知康斯坦特可以用鼻子分辨出各種不同的氣味，他認(rèn)為嘴只能嘗出四種味道。所以這句話是指他的鼻子能分辨不同的味道。選項C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.”，可知Columbus以為可可豆是當(dāng)?shù)氐呢泿牛髞聿胖?，原來是一種飲料，所以排除A選項。根據(jù)文章第五段，“Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.”，可可的質(zhì)量因地區(qū)、年份和制作方法各異。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

（）tosomebody,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshandswiththestranger.

問題1選項

A.Introducing

B.Tointroduce

C.Tobeintroduced

D.Onbeingintroduced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當(dāng)英國人在被介紹給別人的時候，經(jīng)常喜歡和陌生人握手。

15.填空題

HowMarketersTargetKids

[A]Kidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhavetheirownpurchasingpower,theyinfluencetheirparents'buyingdecisionsandtheyaretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildrenhasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990tomorethan$2billionin2000.

[B]Parentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchassmallerfamilysize,dualincomesandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthatfamilieshavemoredisposableincome.Aswell,guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:

PesterPower

[C]Today’skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthefamilythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhattheywanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren’sabilitytonagtheirparentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenisallaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerfulforceitcanbe.

[D]Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging（apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain）isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealstoparents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andplaysonanyguilttheymayhaveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirkids.

TheMarriageofpsychologyandMarketing

[E]Toeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakeskidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnowhaveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren’sdevelopmental,emotionalandsocialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthatanalyzeschildren’sbehavior,fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticatedmarketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.

[F]Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.

BuildingBrandNameLoyalty.

[G]CanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindofcorporation—Nike,CalvinKlein,TommyHilfiger,tonameafew—whichchangedtheirprimarycorporatefocusfromproducingproductstocreatinganimagefortheirbrandname.Bymovingtheirmanufacturingoperationstocountrieswithcheaplabor,theyfreedupmoneytocreatetheirpowerfulmarketingmessages.Ithasbeenatremendouslyprofitableformula,andhasledtothecreationofsomeofthemostwealthyandpowerfulmulti-nationalcorporationstheworldhasseen.

[H]Marketersplanttheseedsofbrandrecognitioninveryyoungchildren,inthehopesthattheseedswillgrowintolifetimerelationships.AccordingtotheCenterforaNewAmericanDream,babiesasyoungassixmonthsofagecanformmentalimagesofcorporatelogosandmascots.Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo,andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.Whilefastfoodtoyandclothingcompanieshavebeencultivatingbrandrecognitioninchildrenforyears,adult-orientedbusinessessuchasbanksandautomakersarenowgettinginontheact.

BuzzorStreetMarketing

[T]Thechallengeformarketersistocutthroughtheintenseadvertisingclutter（雜亂）inyoungpeople'slives.Manycompaniesareusing"buzzmarketing"anewtwistonthetried-and-true"wordofmouth"method.TheideaistofindthecoolestkidsinacommunityandhavethemuseorwearyourproductinordertocreateabuzzarounditBuzzor"streetmarketing’’，asit'salsocalled,canhelpacompanytosuccessfullyconnectwiththeelusive（難找的）teenmarketbyusingtrendsetterstogivethemproducts"cool"status.

[J]Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.

CommercializationinEducation

[K]Schoolusedtobeaplacewherechildrenwereprotectedfromtheadvertisingandconsumermessagesthatpermeatedtheirworld—butnotanymore.Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.

[L]Corporationsrealizethepoweroftheschoolenvironmentforpromotingtheirnameandproducts.Aschoolsettingdeliversacaptiveyouthaudienceandimpliestheendorsementofteachersandtheeducationalsystem.Marketersareeagerlyexploitingthismediuminanumberofways,including:1）sponsorededucationalmaterials;2）supplyingschoolswithtechnologyinexchangeforhighcompanyvisibility;3）advertising,postedinclassrooms,schoolbuses,oncomputersinexchangeforfunds;4）contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;5）sponsoringschoolevents.

TheInternet

[M]TheInternetisanextremelydesirablemediumformarketerswantingtotargetchildren.It’spartofyouthculture.ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.Kidsareoftenonlinealone,withoutparentalsupervision.Unlikebroadcastingmedia,whichhavecodesregardingadvertisingtokids,theInternetisunregulated.Sophisticatedtechnologiesmakeiteasytocollectinformationfromyoungpeopleformarketingresearch,andtotargetindividualchildrenwithpersonalizedadvertising.

MarketingAdultEntertainmenttoKids

[N]Childrenareoftenawareofandwanttoseeentertainmentmeantforolderaudiencesbecauseitisactivelymarketedtothem.Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission（FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

[O]TheFTCstudied44filmsrated“Restricted”，anddiscoveredthat80percentweretargetedtochildrenunder17.MarketingplansincludedTVcommercialsrunduringhourswhenyoungviewersweremostlikelytobewatching.TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.Matureandteenratedvideogamesareadvertisedinyouthmagazines:andtoysbasedon“Restricted”moviesandM-ratedvideogamesaremarketedtochildrenasyoungasfour.

1.Guiltcanaffectparents’spendingdecisionsbecausetheydon’thaveenoughtimefortheirkids.

2.TheCenterforaNewAmericanDreampointedoutthatbrandloyaltiescouldbeformedasearlyasagetwo.

3.Schoolboardsallowcorporationstoaccesstostudentsbecausetheyneedmoneyandeducationalmaterialsbadly.

4.TheFTCreporthighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.

5.Forthisgenerationofyoungpeople,theInternetisadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.

6.AccordingtoKidfluence,“persistencenagging"islesseffectivethanthemoresophisticated“importancenagging”.

7.AccordingtoareportreleasedbytheU.SFederalTradeCommission,themovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesusuallymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

8.Buzzmarketingiswell-suitedtotheInternetbecausetheinteractiveenvironmentcanspreadmessageseffectively.

9.AgroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatitisunethicaltousechildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkids.

10.AccordingtothePizzaHutreadingincentivesprogram,childrenwillreceivecertificatesforfleepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal.

【答案】1.B

2.H

3.K

4.O

5.M

6.D

7.N

8.J

9.F

10.L

【解析】1.題干句意：內(nèi)疚會影響父母的消費(fèi)決定，因為他們沒有足夠的時間照顧孩子。題干中的guilt以及decision定位到B段，并且題干是對“guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.當(dāng)時間緊張的父母用物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品來替代和孩子在一起的時間時，負(fù)罪感會在消費(fèi)決定中扮演一個角色。”的同義改寫。

2.由題干關(guān)鍵詞theCenterforaNewAmericanDream,brandloyalties和agetwo。定位到［H］段。該段第三句Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo.andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.品牌忠誠可以在兩歲的時候就建立起來。到孩子們上學(xué)的時候，大多數(shù)人都能認(rèn)出幾百個商標(biāo)。與題干意思一致。

3.關(guān)鍵詞schoolboards出現(xiàn)在［K］段。該段第二句Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.預(yù)算短缺迫使學(xué)校董事會允許企業(yè)接觸學(xué)生，以換取急需的現(xiàn)金、電腦和教育材料。與題干意思一致。

4.關(guān)鍵詞FTCreport和highlightedthefactthattoysbasedon出現(xiàn)在[O]段。該段第三句TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會的報告還強(qiáng)調(diào)了這樣一個事實(shí)，即以成人娛樂作品中的人物為原型的玩具通常是面向兒童銷售的。與題干意思一致。

5.關(guān)鍵詞hisgenerationofyoungpeople和Internet，相關(guān)內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在［M］段，該段第三句ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)伴隨著這一代年輕人長大，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?。與題干意思一致。

6.題干的關(guān)鍵詞persistencenagging，effective和importancenagging出現(xiàn)在［D］段，pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging(apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain)isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".糾纏或嘮叨可以分為兩類——“堅持”和“重要性”。堅持不懈的嘮叨(一遍又一遍重復(fù)的請求)不如更老練的“重要性的嘮叨”有效。與題干意思一致。

7.題干信息出現(xiàn)在[N]段第二句“Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission(FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.在2000年發(fā)布的一份報告中，美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(FTC)披露了電影、音樂和電子游戲行業(yè)是如何向兒童推銷暴力娛樂產(chǎn)品的。”與題干信息一致。

8.題干信息出現(xiàn)在[J]段Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.口碑營銷特別適合于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，年輕的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)推手”利用聊天室和博客向毫無戒心的用戶傳播有關(guān)音樂、服裝和其他產(chǎn)品的信息。與題干信息一致。

9.題干信息出現(xiàn)在F段Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.1999年，一群美國心理健康專家給美國心理協(xié)會(APA)寫了一封公開信，敦促他們宣布這種行為是不道德的。與題干信息一致。

10.題干信息出現(xiàn)在L段：contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;競賽和獎勵計劃:例如必勝客閱讀獎勵計劃，如果孩子達(dá)到每月閱讀目標(biāo)，就可以獲得免費(fèi)披薩的證書。

16.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

據(jù)財富、種族、教育、地域的不同，計算機(jī)的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模有很大差別。數(shù)據(jù)表明，計算機(jī)的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即擁有高中和大學(xué)文憑的富裕的白人和那些穩(wěn)定的雙親家庭中增長更迅速。最高收入階層的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可能性是那些低收入階層，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用計算機(jī)的比例高達(dá)76.56%，但與之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

17.單選題

Technologyhas（

）thesharinginformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

問題1選項

A.formulated

B.facilitated

C.famished

D.functioned

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Formulated“構(gòu)想出，規(guī)劃”；facilitated“促進(jìn)，加

速”；furnished“裝飾，裝置”；functioned“起作用”。句意：科技加速了信息共享，儲存和傳輸，因此讓更多的人接觸到更多的信息。選項B符合題意。

18.單選題

Youseethelightning（

）ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.

問題1選項

A.theinstant

B.foraninstant

C.ontheinstant

D.inaninstant

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語從句。分析“Youseethelightning____ithappens”可知空格處缺少一個連詞，結(jié)合句意可知選A，theinstant表示“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其他選項不能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。句意：閃電一發(fā)生，你就看到了，但隨后才聽到雷聲。

19.單選題

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachiev