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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北部灣大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof(
)andfairnessasareliablefriend.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.robustness
B.temperament
C.integrity
D.compactness
【答案】C
【解析】robustness穩(wěn)健性,健壯性;temperament氣質(zhì),性情;integrity完整,正直;compactness簡潔,緊密。句意:他們一直把正直、公正的人看作可靠的朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。
2.翻譯題
Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.
“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.
Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.
Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.
“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.
【答案】【參考譯文】
控制血壓的最佳鍛煉方式是什么?任何鍛煉都好,幾乎所有運(yùn)動對控制血壓都非常有效,比如步行、騎車或是輕的負(fù)重練習(xí),全天式的鍛煉會讓減壓效果更好。
亞利桑那州立大學(xué)健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林?蓋瑟爾是位鍛煉與高血壓方面的專家,他認(rèn)為“哪怕站著也會有幫助?!卞憻捊档脱獕旱脑?,主要是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通暢。這樣的效果在鍛煉中和鍛煉后都會馬上顯現(xiàn),因而在剛剛運(yùn)動完其降壓效果尤其明顯。結(jié)論就是最好的對抗高血壓的方式,是類似少食多餐那樣進(jìn)行少量多次的運(yùn)動。
在蓋瑟爾2012年發(fā)表的一篇報告中,他建議將一天運(yùn)動量均分為3個時長為10分鐘的步行,這樣比一次步行30分鐘相比可以更好預(yù)防血壓出現(xiàn)峰值,血壓峰值出現(xiàn)往往意味著控壓惡化。甚至說如果10分鐘步行聽著都有些嚇人的話,那就多站站。蓋瑟爾博士主導(dǎo)過另一項(xiàng)研究并將成果于8月出版,研究要求一些超重并有高血壓問題的志愿者在8小時的工作日里一直坐在座位上,同時監(jiān)測其血壓,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)血壓讀數(shù)如預(yù)料的一樣非常不健康。
但在另一個工作日,當(dāng)要求這些志愿者每小時至少站立10分鐘后,他們的血壓讀數(shù)顯著改善。接著在另外一個工作日,這些志愿者需要每小時用帶跑步機(jī)的書桌慢速走10分鐘(配速為每小時1英里/1.6公里),或者用桌下型蹬車器每小時練習(xí)10分鐘,鍛煉后的血壓讀數(shù)改善得更為顯著。
蓋瑟爾博士稱就輔助人們控制血壓方面來說,“鍛煉強(qiáng)度起不到什么作用?!边\(yùn)動起來才是關(guān)鍵。所以每天多走幾步或多站幾次來打造健康血壓吧。
3.單選題
Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization(
)thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.facilitates
B.initiates
C.inhibits
D.purifies
【答案】C
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)facilitates“促進(jìn),幫助,使容易”;B選項(xiàng)initiates“開始,創(chuàng)始,發(fā)起,倡議”;C選項(xiàng)inhibits“抑制,約束”;D選項(xiàng)purifies“凈化,使純凈”。根據(jù)句意‘暴露于低強(qiáng)度的伽馬電磁輻射下可以放緩食物中腐敗微生物的生長速度,正如以極為相同的方式,在巴氏滅菌法中,低熱會遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐敗作用?!疌選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Theeachrevolvesbothroundthesunandonitsownaxis.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resolves
B.involves
C.rotates
D.evolves
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolves“決定;溶解;使……分解;決心要做……”;B選項(xiàng)involves“包含;牽涉;使陷于;潛心于”;C選項(xiàng)rotates“旋轉(zhuǎn);循環(huán)”;D選項(xiàng)evolves“進(jìn)化,進(jìn)展”。句意:每一個(星球)都繞著太陽和自己的軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。本句關(guān)鍵詞revolves表示“使……旋轉(zhuǎn);使……循環(huán)”,可和rotates做同義替換;因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Trytheproductoutinthecomfortofyourownhomewithabsolutelyno(
)tobuy.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.commitment
B.engagement
C.persuasion
D.preservation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。commitment“承諾,許諾”;engagement“訂婚,婚約,約會”;persuasion“勸說,說服”;preservation“保存,保留”。句意:可以在自己家里隨意試用本產(chǎn)品且根本不用承諾買該產(chǎn)品。A項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.單選題
Itisimpossibleforusto()suchadifficulttaskwithinthelimitedtime.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fuel
B.frown
C.fulfill
D.frost
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fuel“供以燃料,推動”。B選項(xiàng)frown“皺眉,不同意”。C選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行,完成”。D選項(xiàng)frost“結(jié)霜,凍壞”。句意:我們不可能在有限的時間內(nèi)完成如此艱巨的任務(wù)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.翻譯題
ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.
雖然人人都需要一個職業(yè)是事實(shí)——最好是工資高的。但同樣確實(shí)無誤的是我們的文明已經(jīng)在與我們自己的專業(yè)相去甚遠(yuǎn)的領(lǐng)域積累了多得令人難以置信的知識,而我們也具備了了解這些其他方面知識的更好條件——無論他們是科學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)還是藝術(shù)上的成就。同樣確實(shí)無誤的是,在研究不同智慧時,我們可以學(xué)會如何思考。更重要的也許是教育教會我們看到事物之間的聯(lián)系,并看到我們的當(dāng)前需求以外的東西。從長遠(yuǎn)的觀點(diǎn)來看,這正是教育所真正應(yīng)該做到的,而我認(rèn)為它也能夠做到的。
【答案】It'struethateveryoneneedsacareer—preferablyonethatpayswell,butitisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedknowledgethatistoomuchtobebelievedbypeopleinthefieldswhicharefarfromourmajors,andthatwealsohavehadbetterconditionsforunderstandtheknowledgeintheseotheraspects—whethertheyarescientificcontributionsorartisticachievements.Itisalsotruethat,instudyingdifferentshadesofwisdom,wecanlearnhowtothink.Perhapsmoreimportantly,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthingsaswellasthingsbeyondcurrentneeds.Inthelongrun,thisisexactlywhateducationshouldmanagetodo,andIalsobelieveitmayalsobeabletodo.
8.單選題
Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,femaleworkerswhoare45to55yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.laidaside
B.laidup
C.laidout
D.laidoff
【答案】D
【解析】動詞詞組辨析題。layaside“放棄(某種習(xí)慣),積蓄(金錢),把…放在一邊”;layup“放置不用,貯存,儲蓄,使(某人)待在床上或室內(nèi)”;layout“設(shè)計(jì);展示,安排”;layoff“暫時解雇,裁員,停止工作”;根據(jù)句意‘隨著失業(yè)率不斷上升,45-55歲的女性工人通常最先被(
)?!_定D選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply_____whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resolved
B.absolved
C.dissolved
D.solved
【答案】C
【解析】考查形近動詞辨析。resolve“解決;決心要”;absolve“免除,赦免”;dissolve“溶解;解散”;solve“解決”。句意:只有一間教室的學(xué)校,所有科目同時教授給所有年級的學(xué)生,當(dāng)更好的交通條件允許有專門的空間和專門的教學(xué)時,就簡單地……。這里用“解散”更符合句意,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
10.單選題
Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.acceptable
B.advisable
C.available
D.applicable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”;B選項(xiàng)advisable“可取的”;C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”;D選項(xiàng)applicable“適用的”。句意:一般來說,學(xué)生在住房上的開銷應(yīng)該占總共______開銷的五分之一。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是在所擁有的開銷中,住房占五分之一,available“可獲得的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
()moreimportant,notonlythelostcitieswererecovered,butthenewcitieswerebuilt.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Thatis
B.Itis
C.Because
D.Whatis
【答案】D
【解析】句意:更重要的是,不僅找回了丟失的城市,而且建造了新的城市。
12.翻譯題
Thebodieswhoplaymajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.
【答案】這些年來,從事主要職業(yè)運(yùn)動的選手們身高發(fā)生了巨大的變化,所以經(jīng)理們很愿意調(diào)整隊(duì)服,使其能夠適合越來越多大體型的人。
13.單選題
Weacceptanybodyregardless______nationality.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.for
C.of
D.in
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。B選項(xiàng)regardlessfor“尊重;考慮到”;C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管,無論”;A選項(xiàng)regardlessto和D選項(xiàng)regardlessin非固定搭配。句意:我們接受任何人,______國籍。根據(jù)語境,這里指接受每個國家的人,C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管,無論”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Youwillfindthesceneryissobeautifulifyouviewfromthe(
)ofthehill.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ceiling
B.summit
C.mantle
D.roof
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果從山頂上看,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)景是如此的美麗。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
15.單選題
Itmadehimuncomfortableto()hisplanandthinkofsomethingnew.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.switch
B.transfer
C.shift
D.alter
【答案】D
【解析】句意:改變計(jì)劃或另想新的路子,都使他感到不舒服。
考查動詞辨析。switch轉(zhuǎn)換,揮動;transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移,調(diào)任;shift轉(zhuǎn)移,替換;alter改變,更改。因此D符合句意。
16.單選題
Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inlinewith
B.forthesakeof
C.incaseof
D.attheriskof
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“與……一致”;B選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”;C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬一”;D選項(xiàng)attheriskof“冒著……的危險”。句意:我總是在早上較早離開家去上學(xué)______交通堵塞。根據(jù)語境,這里指早點(diǎn)出門是為了不想堵車,C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬一”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.spurs
B.sprays
C.squashes
D.spreads
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spurs“鞭策;促進(jìn);策馬前進(jìn);緊貼主干剪短”;B選項(xiàng)sprays“噴;掃射”;C選項(xiàng)squashes“把……壓扁;擠進(jìn),塞入;壓制,抑制;打斷,制止;去除,粉碎;斷然拒絕;把……鎮(zhèn)住,使無言以對”;D選項(xiàng)spreads“傳播;伸展;散布;展開;鋪開”。句意:這種可快速均勻地噴灑成細(xì)霧的驅(qū)蟲劑并非是簡單地注入瓶中的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
Atthattime,Americawasfacedwiththeproblemofprovidingjobsforthemany()whowerepouringintothecountry.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.emigrants
B.migrants
C.inhabitants
D.immigrants
【答案】D
【解析】考查形近近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emigrant“移民(遷出的)”;B選項(xiàng)migrant“移居者”;C選項(xiàng)inhabitant“居民”;D選項(xiàng)immigrant“移民(遷入的)”。根據(jù)后面的定語從句“whowerepouringintothecountry.涌入這個國家(美國)的人們”可知,這里指的是遷入的移民,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
19.單選題
Thekitchenwassmalland()sothatthedisabledcouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.conventional
B.compact
C.compatible
D.concise
【答案】B
【解析】conventional傳統(tǒng)的,習(xí)用的,平常的;compact緊湊的,簡潔的;compatible協(xié)調(diào)的;concise簡明的,簡約的。句意:這間廚房小巧緊湊,殘疾人可以很方便的夠到所有的東西。
20.單選題
Themostwidespreadfallacyofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyareactuallycausedbyvirusespassingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndintheisolatedArcticRegionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.
AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland,volunteerstookpartinexperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyrooms.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyaretheymorefrequentinthewinter?Despitethemostpains-takingresearch,noonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressorssuchasaspirin,butalltheydoisrelievethesymptoms.
1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?
2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen().
3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit().
4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.
B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.
C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.
D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegions
B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather
C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegions
D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.sufferedmuchfromcoldness
B.nevercaughtcolds
C.alwayscaughtcolds
D.becameverystrong
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold
B.thevirusesofthecommoncold
C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds
D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?1.下列哪一項(xiàng)與文章不一致?
A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.A.愛斯基摩人并不總是感冒。
B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.B.感冒不是由寒冷引起的。
C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.C.人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)。
D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.D.一個人可能會因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“科學(xué)家給出的一種解釋是,與其他時候相比,人們在寒冷的天氣里更傾向于待在室內(nèi),這使得感冒病毒更容易傳播”,可知,這里是對冬天更容易感冒的解釋,并不是說人們患感冒是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi),故C項(xiàng)“人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)”表述與原文不符合,但符合題意。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“愛斯基摩人并不總是感冒”,根據(jù)第一段第三和第四句“如果感冒是由寒冷引起的,那么愛斯基摩人將永遠(yuǎn)遭受感冒的折磨是有道理的。但事實(shí)并非如此?!笨芍?,感冒并不是寒冷引起的,所以愛斯基摩人不會總是感冒,該項(xiàng)符合原文,屬于反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”,根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“最普遍的謬論(fallacy)是感冒是由寒冷引起的”,從fallacy(謬論)可知,感冒并不是由寒冷引起的,該項(xiàng)也符合原文,屬于反向干擾;
D項(xiàng)“一個人可能會因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒”,根據(jù)第一段第二句“感冒實(shí)際上是由人與人之間傳播的病毒引起的”可知,該項(xiàng)符合原文,屬于反向干擾。
第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen______.2.當(dāng)______,北極探險家可能會感冒。
A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegionsA.他們在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作
B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweatherB.他們在極冷的天氣里寫報告
C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegionsC.他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作
D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworldD.他們又開始與外界接觸
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Arcticexplorers定位至第一段最后一句“在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū),探險家們報告說,在通過從飛機(jī)上扔下的包裹和郵件與外界的感染者再次接觸之前,他們沒有感冒”,從中可知,探險家們在接觸外界之前沒有感冒,這也就是說當(dāng)他們接觸外界時,他們可能會感冒,D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“他們在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”,根據(jù)解題思路可知,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“他們在極冷的天氣里寫報告”在原文沒有依據(jù),屬于無中生有;
C項(xiàng)“他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”,根據(jù)原文可知,北極探險家并不是因?yàn)樵谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)才沒感冒,而是沒有接觸帶有病毒的感染者,該項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。
第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit______.3.在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者_(dá)_____。
A.sufferedmuchfromcoldnessA.深受寒冷之苦
B.nevercaughtcoldsB.從來不感冒
C.alwayscaughtcoldsC.總是感冒
D.becameverystrongD.非常強(qiáng)壯
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CommonColdResearchUnit定位至第二段第一句“在英國的普通感冒研究中心,志愿者們參加了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn),他們讓自己長時間處于寒冷潮濕的不適狀態(tài)”,從中可知,在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者深受寒冷之苦,A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“從來不感冒”、C項(xiàng)“總是感冒”和D項(xiàng)“非常強(qiáng)壯”在原文沒有體現(xiàn),屬于無中生有。
第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.4.這篇文章主要是討論______。
A.theexperimentsonthecommoncoldA.普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)
B.thevirusesofthecommoncoldB.普通感冒的病毒
C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsC.人們感冒的原因
D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncoldsD.普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】通讀全文可知,第一段提出感冒不是由寒冷引起的,而是由病毒引起,隨后用了幾個例子證明第一段開頭提出的論點(diǎn),所以本文主要討論感冒的原因以及人們患上感冒的方式,C選項(xiàng)“人們感冒的原因”符合全文主旨。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)”、B項(xiàng)“普通感冒的病毒”和D項(xiàng)“普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延”只是文中提到的觀點(diǎn),不是主旨思想,屬于以偏概全。
21.單選題
______naturemeansalllivingplantsandanimals.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Scientific
B.Animate
C.Good
D.Large
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Scientific“科學(xué)的”;B選項(xiàng)Animate“有生命的”;C選項(xiàng)Good“良好的”;D選項(xiàng)Large“大量的;廣泛的”。句意:______的物種是指所有有生命的動植物。根據(jù)語境,B選項(xiàng)Animate“有生命的”比較符合語境,這里是在解釋有生命的物種是什么,符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
22.單選題
Sinceyouareunhappywiththisjob,Irecommendthatyou___assoonaspossible.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resigned
B.willresign
C.couldresign
D.resign
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.resigned辭職B.willresign辭職
C.couldresign辭職D.resign辭職
【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。
【解題思路】這里考查recommend的用法。sb.recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.表示建議某人做某事。這里的should可以省略。因此D選項(xiàng)resign正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)搭配錯誤。
【句意】既然你對這份工作不滿意,我建議你盡快辭職。
23.單選題
Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.
Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmericaownedbyPepsiCo,andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.
Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthatconsumers-especiallyyoungpeopleseeaspartofamodem,innovative(創(chuàng)新的)worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthatFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.
Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo(標(biāo)識).Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschipswouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.
TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Later,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives.”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.
1.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarketingthat(
).
2.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?
3.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichLaybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat
(
).
4.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?
5.Frito-Lay'sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket
B.Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales
C.Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany'spotatochips
D.Peopleallovertheworldenjoyeatingtheircompany'spotatochips
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.
B.Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.
C.Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.
D.Itneedstoturntotheworldmarketfordevelopment.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands
B.localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands
C.productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits
D.productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.
B.Topromotethecompany'sstrategyofglobalization.
C.Tochangethecompany'slongheldmarketingimage.
D.TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople
B.willleadtoeconomicimperialism
C.willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople
D.won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“菲多利全球市場主管相信……”。文章第一段提到“薯片是全世界人民的零食”(Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld),“全世界沒有任何人能抵擋住薯?xiàng)l的魅力”(thereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip),由此可知選項(xiàng)D“全世界人都愛吃他們公司生產(chǎn)的薯?xiàng)l”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第二段,我們可以了解到菲多利……”。文章第二段提到“菲多利是美國最大的零食生產(chǎn)者……但美國的零食市場差不多已經(jīng)飽和,所以它不得不轉(zhuǎn)向海外市場”(thecompanyhastolookoverseas),由此可知菲多利需要打開全球市場來尋求發(fā)展,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“菲多利發(fā)展策略依據(jù)的假設(shè)是……”。文章第三段提到了菲多利的兩個信念,一是全球性產(chǎn)品具有地方產(chǎn)品不能與之抗衡的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì);一是二十一世紀(jì)的消費(fèi)者為“全球性”所吸引,選項(xiàng)A“全球的消費(fèi)者為全球品牌所吸引”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“Riskey重新設(shè)計(jì)將菲多利標(biāo)識的原因是……”。文章第四段提到“(新設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)識)能夠幫助加速公司的全球擴(kuò)張”(helpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion),因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“菲多利的主管們稱美國食品在國際市場的推廣……”。文章最后一段提到將在那些國家生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品,讓產(chǎn)品迎合當(dāng)?shù)厝说目谖?,雇傭那里的工人,改變他們的生活(We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives),選項(xiàng)C“有利于當(dāng)?shù)厝恕狈项}意。
24.單選題
Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweathertorrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoesbeginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.SucheventasatornadostruckthenortheasternsectionofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.
ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.
Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellitesareallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeregionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,Nowcastingisbecomingareality.
1.Theword“exceeded”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans______.
2.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredictsuchashort-livedtornadobecause______.
3.Accordingtothepassage,theword“Nowcast”(paragraph3)means______.
4.Accordingtothepassage,______isthekeyfactortomaking“Nowcasts”areality.
5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepassagemainlydealswith______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.addedupto
B.weremorethan
C.wereabout
D.werelessthan
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents
B.thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit
C.theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong
D.weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.awayofcollectingrawweatherdata
B.aforecastwhichcanpredicttheweatherconditionsinthesmallareainanaccurateway
C.anetworktocollectinstantweatherdata
D.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.scientificandtechnologicaladvancessuchasradar,orsatellites
B.computerscientist
C.meteorologists
D.advancedcomputerprograms
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.atornadoinEdmonton,Alberta
B.what’sa“Nowcast”
C.thedisadvantageofconventionalcomputermodelsoftheweatherforecast
D.abreakthroughinweatherforecast
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“exceeded”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million(龍卷風(fēng)造成的總損失超過2.5億美元),說明“exceeded”在文中是指“超過”的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)“超過”正確。A選項(xiàng)“加起來”,C選項(xiàng)“大約”,D選項(xiàng)“少于”均不符合題意,所以A,C,D錯誤。
2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.(傳統(tǒng)的大氣計(jì)算機(jī)模型在預(yù)測像埃德蒙頓龍卷風(fēng)這樣短暫的局部風(fēng)暴方面價值有限,因?yàn)榭捎玫奶鞖鈹?shù)據(jù)通常不夠詳細(xì),不能讓計(jì)算機(jī)仔細(xì)研究這些風(fēng)暴來臨之前微妙的大氣變化。),接著指出conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.(傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報模式能夠較好地預(yù)測大范圍的總體天氣情況而不是具體的局部天氣事件),說明傳統(tǒng)的大氣計(jì)算機(jī)模型不能很好地預(yù)測龍卷風(fēng)是因?yàn)橐恍┬^(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)采集不到。因此D選項(xiàng)“一些小區(qū)域的天氣狀況無法獲得”正確。A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)不是用來預(yù)測具體的局部事件的”,B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)不夠先進(jìn),無法預(yù)測”,C選項(xiàng)“人們收集的天氣數(shù)據(jù)往往是錯誤的”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,B,C錯誤。
3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Nowcast”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.(直到最近,用于精確的、非常短期的預(yù)測或“臨近預(yù)報”的觀測密集方法還不可行。),由前面的“accurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts”可以推斷出,“Nowcast”在文中是指“準(zhǔn)確、及時的天氣預(yù)報”的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)“一種可以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測小區(qū)域天氣狀況的預(yù)報”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一種收集原始天氣數(shù)據(jù)的方式”,C選項(xiàng)“一個收集即時天氣數(shù)據(jù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”,D選項(xiàng)“一個更先進(jìn)的天氣觀測系統(tǒng)”均不符合題意,所以A,C,D錯誤。
4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.(幸運(yùn)的是,科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)克服了這些問題中的大多數(shù)。),說明解決及時預(yù)報困難的關(guān)鍵因素是高科技的發(fā)展。因此A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,如雷達(dá)或衛(wèi)星”正確。B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家”,C選項(xiàng)“氣象學(xué)家”,D選項(xiàng)“先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)程序”均不符合題意,所以B,C,D錯誤。
5.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了某次龍卷風(fēng)造成的損失,指出傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)天氣預(yù)測模式由于沒有詳細(xì)的天氣情況數(shù)據(jù)而不能對類似于龍卷風(fēng)的暴風(fēng)雨做出及時的預(yù)報。接著提出直到最近,由于高科技的發(fā)展解決了人們收集天氣數(shù)據(jù)時的種種問題,才使得Nowcast這種準(zhǔn)確、及時的天氣預(yù)報成為現(xiàn)實(shí),可知文章主要講述了天氣預(yù)報方面的一大突破。因此D選項(xiàng)“天氣預(yù)報的突破性進(jìn)展”最符合文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“艾伯塔省埃德蒙頓市的一場龍卷風(fēng)”,B選項(xiàng)“什么是Nowcast”,C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報計(jì)算機(jī)模型的缺點(diǎn)”都只講了文章的某一方面,不能完整地概括文章主旨,所以A,B,C錯誤。
25.單選題
Thegovernment()toapprovetheuseofwide-spreadsurveillancewhentheJusticeDepartmenttookobjections.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.isgoing
B.hadbeen
C.wasabout
D.iscoming
【答案】C
【解析】句意:政府即將同意采取廣泛監(jiān)督的手段吋,卻遭到了司法部的反對。
語法題??疾闀r態(tài)(一般過去將來時)。由關(guān)鍵詞“took”可知句子主調(diào)為過去時,因此使用現(xiàn)在吋態(tài)的A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)排除。句意為“政府即將同意”,因此應(yīng)用一般過去將來時。故選C。
26.單選題
Organizedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourse.Usuallyitisleftto(1)todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,
(2)nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalizetheachievementsofstudentswho
(3)timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPLUSaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly
(4)jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside(5)qualifications.
“Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunchbutwefoundthattheydidn't
(6)appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid(7)thelecturehall,”saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity.“Employersaremuchmore
(8)thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor(9)andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare(10)tothejob."
Studentswhosign(11)fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor(12)work,attendfourworkshopsonemployability-skill,takepartinanintensiveskill-relatedactivity,
(13)crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.
(14)effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho(15)bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingPLUSAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.
Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe(16)
organized."We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,'saysGoodman.“
(17)onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso(18)negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives.”
Goodmanhopesthe
(19)willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-active
(20)
totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.advisors
B
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