考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she______thedoor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)seemeat沒(méi)有這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，B項(xiàng)setsb.off“使某人開(kāi)始做某事”，C項(xiàng)sendsb.to“把某人送到某地”，D項(xiàng)showsb.tothedoor“把某人送到門(mén)口”。結(jié)合句子的意思可知D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：當(dāng)我向她說(shuō)再見(jiàn)時(shí)，她把我送到門(mén)口。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Therainwassoheavythatthemanwaswettotheskin;hiswholebodywas（

）andtrembling.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stiff

B.straight

C.steady

D.hard

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雨太大，這個(gè)人身上已經(jīng)濕了；他整個(gè)身子僵硬并且在瑟瑟發(fā)抖。stiff“僵硬的”；straight“直率的；筆直的”；steady“穩(wěn)定的”；hard“堅(jiān)硬的”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Suchasanguineconclusionmayseemoddatatimewhenfuriousargumentsarenodoubtragingbehindthescenes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puissant

B.sapient

C.propitious

D.berserk

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)puissant“強(qiáng)大的，強(qiáng)盛的；有勢(shì)力的，有權(quán)力的”；B選項(xiàng)sapient“聰明的；伶俐的；裝聰明樣的；有見(jiàn)識(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)propitious“適合的；有利的；順利的”；D選項(xiàng)berserk“狂怒的，失控的：（激動(dòng)得）控制不住的”。句意：在激烈的爭(zhēng)論毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)正在幕后肆虐之際，這樣一個(gè)樂(lè)觀的結(jié)論可能顯得有些奇怪。sanguine“樂(lè)觀的；滿懷希望的；面色紅潤(rùn)的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Accordingtothe“Geneva（）’’noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Customs

B.Congresses

C.Conventions

D.Routines

【答案】C

【解析】固定用法。GenevaConventions指的是“日內(nèi)瓦公約”。

5.單選題

Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demandalways-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's（

）ratherthanthecompany's.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。benefit“好處”；availability“可用性，有效性”；suitability“合適性”；convenience“方便，便利”。句意：自上世紀(jì)90年代初以來(lái)，大多數(shù)企業(yè)的趨勢(shì)一致是按需提供隨時(shí)可用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，以滿足客戶的方便，而不是公司的方便。產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)對(duì)于客戶來(lái)說(shuō)是提供了便利，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.填空題

MrAmescan’tcometothephone.He’stalkingtoaclientatthe（1）.

Couldyoucall（2）

（3）twentyminutes?

【答案】1.moment

2.back

3.in

【解析】1.固定搭配。Atthemoment現(xiàn)在。

2.固定搭配。Callback回電話。

3.語(yǔ)義題。此處表示二十分鐘后。

7.單選題

Justasthescientist’sclaimsaboutcloningwereproventobe______andunlikely,sotoowerethemethodsusedtoarriveatthemfoundtobe______andriddledwithfundamentallapsesinthescientificmethod.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implausible…erroneous

B.acrimonious…redundant

C.esoteric…lackadaisical

D.articulate…unwarranted

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.implausible…erroneous難以置信的……錯(cuò)誤的B.acrimonious…redundant譏諷的，尖刻的……多余的，過(guò)剩的

C.esoteric…lackadaisical深?yuàn)W難懂的……懶洋洋的，無(wú)精打采的D.articulate…unwarranted發(fā)音清楚的，口才好的……無(wú)根據(jù)的，無(wú)保證的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】第一個(gè)空格處和unlikely（不可能的）并列的，所以推測(cè)該空格與unlikely意思相近，選項(xiàng)中implausible符合句意；第二個(gè)空格根據(jù)后面的riddledwithfundamentallapsesinthescientificmethod（充斥著科學(xué)方法的根本性失誤）可知，該空格表示“錯(cuò)誤的”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】正如科學(xué)家所說(shuō)的那樣，克隆被證明是難以置信的和不可能的，克隆過(guò)程中用到的偏離科學(xué)的基本方法也是錯(cuò)誤的。

8.單選題

Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob（）isararething.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.security

B.safety

C.protectionfor

D.secureness

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退己經(jīng)意味著工作保障是罕見(jiàn)的事情。

考查名詞辨析。security安全，保障；safety安全，保險(xiǎn);protection保護(hù)，防衛(wèi);secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。

9.翻譯題

Deepeneducationalcooperationinanall-roundwaytopromotelong-termdevelopment.Educationisfundamentaltoacountry’senduringprosperity.Itisnecessaryforusalltointensifyexchangesandcooperationbetweeneducationalandacademicinstitutions,expandlinkagesbetweeninstitutionsofhigherlearningandcarryoutyouth,culturalandsportsexchangesindiverseforms.Inparticular,weshouldincreaseeducationalassistancetolessdevelopedcountries,promotetwo-wayflowofeducationalresourcesandraisetheeducationallevelofourregion.

Strengtheninternationalcooperationindisasterreductionandreliefinthespiritofhelpingthoseinneedandassistingthoseindifficulty.Asnaturaldisastersknownonationalboundaries,theymustbemanagedbycooperativeefforts.Inrecentyears,wehavelaidagoodfoundationofcooperationinrespondingtothesuddenstrikeoftheIndianOceanearthquakeandtsunamiandothermajordisasters.Weshouldstepupcooperationindevelopingadisasterearly-warningsystem,sharingdisasterinformationandreductiontechnologyandenhancingdisasterreductioncapacitybuildingtobringaboutharmonybetweensocialandeconomicdevelopmentandthepreservationofnaturalresourcesandtheecologicalenvironment.

【答案】【參考譯文】全面深化教育合作以促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展。教育是一個(gè)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安的基礎(chǔ)。我們都有必要去加強(qiáng)教育和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)之間的交流與合作，擴(kuò)大高等院校之間的聯(lián)系并以多種形式開(kāi)展青年、文化和體育交流。我們尤其應(yīng)該增加對(duì)欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的教育援助，促進(jìn)教育資源的雙向流動(dòng)并提高我們的教育水平。

本著助危為安的精神，加強(qiáng)國(guó)際減災(zāi)救災(zāi)合作。自然災(zāi)害無(wú)國(guó)界，應(yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害需要各方共同的努力。近年來(lái)，我們?cè)趹?yīng)對(duì)印度洋大地震、海嘯和其他重大災(zāi)害的突然襲擊中已經(jīng)奠定了一個(gè)良好的合作基礎(chǔ)。我們應(yīng)加強(qiáng)災(zāi)害預(yù)警系統(tǒng)建設(shè)、災(zāi)害信息和減災(zāi)技術(shù)共享、減災(zāi)能力建設(shè)等方面的合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展與自然資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的和諧統(tǒng)一。

10.單選題

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpreindustrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Modemcomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760—1840)when10to12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Evenwithextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s，butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojust50hoursbythestartofthe1930’s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930’sbroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940，andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworkersstruckforandreceiveda37.5-hourworkweek,andin1990manyworkersinBritainwona37-hourweek.Since1989,theJapanesegovernmenthasmovedfroma6-toa5-dayworkweekandhassetanationaltargetof1,800workhoursperyearfortheaverageworker.TheaverageamountofworkperyearinJapanin1989was2,088hoursperworker,comparedto1,957fortheUnitedStatesand1,646forFrance.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Comparedtopreindustrialtimes,thenumberofhoursintheworkweekinthenineteenthcentury（）.

3.WhatisonereasonforthechangeinthelengthoftheworkweekfortheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930’s?

4.WhichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthepurposesoftheFairLaborStandardsActof1938?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whypeopleinpreindustrialsocietiesworkedfewhoursperweek.

B.Changesthathaveoccurredinthenumberofhoursthatpeopleworkperweek.

C.Acomparisonofthenumberofhoursworkedperyearinseveralindustries.

D.WorkingconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolution.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.remainedconstant

B.decreasedslightly

C.decreasedsignificantly

D.increasedsignificantly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Severalpeoplesometimessharedasinglejob.

B.LaborstrikesinseveralcountriesinfluencedlaborpolicyintheUnitedStates

C.Severalcorporationsincreasedthelengthoftheworkweek.

D.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentinstituteda35-hourworkweek

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscourageworkersfromaskingforincreasedwages.

B.Toestablishalimitonthenumberofhoursintheworkweek.

C.Toallowemployerstosetthelengthoftheworkweekfortheirworkers.

D.Torestricttradewithcountriesthathadalongworkweek.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一段，作者主要對(duì)工業(yè)化前后，人們工作時(shí)間的變化。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，工業(yè)革命前，人們每天花三到四個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)完成生活必需的勞動(dòng)，到了現(xiàn)代，人們每周需要工作六天，每天工作十到十二小時(shí)，可以得出，工作時(shí)間是不斷增長(zhǎng)的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“TheDepressionyearsofthe1930’sbroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround”，工作的大蕭條時(shí)代到來(lái)，使他們有了工作分擔(dān)的想法，所以有時(shí)候幾個(gè)人會(huì)同事做同樣的工作。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段，“In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940，andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.”，8小時(shí)5天的工作制就開(kāi)始了，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Hydrogenisoneofthemostimportantelementsintheuniverse（

）itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sothat

B.butthat

C.providedthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里的空格考查前后兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面句子的意思“itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced它提供了其他元素賴以產(chǎn)生的建構(gòu)框架”，可知它表示的是前面句子的原因。這里選項(xiàng)D“inthat因?yàn)椤边m合前后句子語(yǔ)境意思，句意為：氫是宇宙中最重要的元素之一，因?yàn)樗峁┝似渌刭囈援a(chǎn)生的建構(gòu)框架。D為正確答案。

12.單選題

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn(沉默的)malespeakersandgossipygarrulous(饒舌)femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkinginmid-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Unfeminine.

B.Powerful.

C.Obedient.

D.Unmasculine.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.1.這篇文章暗示了作者對(duì)女性話語(yǔ)和男性話語(yǔ)劃分的態(tài)度是______。

A.assertiveA.肯定的，獨(dú)斷的

B.snobbishB.勢(shì)利的

C.approvingC.贊成的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“要保持這種劃分，需要堅(jiān)定的信念和相當(dāng)大的努力（considerableeffort）。它也會(huì)讓我們做出一些相當(dāng)愚蠢（fairlyfoolish）的判斷，尤其是在語(yǔ)言方面?！保瑥腸onsiderable和fairlyfoolish可以看出，作者對(duì)于男性和女性語(yǔ)言上的劃分是批判的態(tài)度。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“肯定的，獨(dú)斷的”、B選項(xiàng)“勢(shì)利的”曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“贊成的”與原文相反，反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?2.第二段中的effeminate是什么意思？

A.Unfeminine.A.不像女性的。

B.Powerful.B.強(qiáng)大的。

C.Obedient.C.順從的。

D.Unmasculine.D.無(wú)男子漢氣概的。

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)effeminate定位至第二段最后一句“我們會(huì)說(shuō)自信的女孩是非女性化的（unfeminine），能給予支持和幫助的男孩是effeminate，并試圖改變他們，同時(shí)仍然保留我們的男性和女性談話的刻板印象”，從中可知，effeminate與unfeminine是相對(duì)應(yīng)的，自信的女生被認(rèn)為是非女性化，那么能給予支持和幫助的男孩會(huì)被認(rèn)為非男性化，所以推測(cè)effeminate表示“非男性化”的意思。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不像女性的”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)大的”、C選項(xiàng)“順從的”屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.3.作者以音高為例來(lái)表示______。

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguageA.這個(gè)音高并不能很好地解釋語(yǔ)言中的性別差異

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoicesB.男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說(shuō)話，女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說(shuō)話

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustratedC.語(yǔ)言中的性別差異無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguageD.性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是語(yǔ)言

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pitch定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段講述了以pitch為例的內(nèi)容：我們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為男性是低音調(diào)，女性是高音調(diào)，但是解剖學(xué)也無(wú)法解釋這種音高差異；也就是說(shuō)音高中的性別差異無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明。然后看到上一段講到“這些女性語(yǔ)言特征都沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。即使已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了性別差異，問(wèn)題還是出在觀察者的眼睛上或者耳朵上，而不是語(yǔ)言上?！?，可知即使知道了性別差異，也是我們的眼睛或者耳朵發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并不能從語(yǔ)言上來(lái)很好區(qū)分，作者以pitch為例就是做一個(gè)類比，所以同樣地，語(yǔ)言中的性別差異也無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明。C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)音高并不能很好地解釋語(yǔ)言中的性別差異”并不是作者以音高為例的目的，張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說(shuō)話，女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說(shuō)話”并不是使用音高作為例子的目的，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是語(yǔ)言”也與題干無(wú)關(guān)，張冠李戴。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?4.以下哪一項(xiàng)不屬于女性談話的刻板印象？

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.A.總是使用瑣碎的詞匯。

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.B.一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情。

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.C.句子還沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話。

D.Noneoftheabove.D.以上都不是。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“如果女性確實(shí)比男性使用更多的瑣碎詞匯，或者在句子中間停止說(shuō)話，或者一遍又一遍地談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?，?dāng)調(diào)查人員在場(chǎng)時(shí)，她們就不會(huì)這樣做”，以及第四段第一句“這些女性語(yǔ)言特征（characteristicsoffemale）都沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)”，綜合理解可知，女性語(yǔ)言特征是使用更多的瑣碎詞匯、話沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話和不斷談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?，這是我們對(duì)女性談話的刻板印象。只有D項(xiàng)“以上都不是”明顯和原文相悖，但符合題意，故選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“總是使用瑣碎的詞匯”、B選項(xiàng)“一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情”、C選項(xiàng)“句子還沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話”均符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.5.男性不大聲說(shuō)話是因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.malesareunabletodosoA.男性不能這樣做

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedatB.男性害怕被嘲笑

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeechC.高音是女性說(shuō)話的特點(diǎn)，而不是男性說(shuō)話的特點(diǎn)

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemalesD.解剖學(xué)證明，男性的音高往往比女性低

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段“如果男性沒(méi)有高聲說(shuō)話，通常并不是因?yàn)樗麄儾荒苓@樣做。原因更有可能是處罰（penalties）。嗓音尖的男性常成為嘲笑（ridicule）的對(duì)象。”，綜合理解可知，男性不會(huì)高聲說(shuō)話的原因是他們怕被別人嘲笑，B項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“男性不能這樣做”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“高音是女性說(shuō)話的特點(diǎn)，而不是男性說(shuō)話的特點(diǎn)”是男性被嘲笑的原因，而不是不能高聲說(shuō)話的原因，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“解剖學(xué)證明，男性的音高往往比女性低”定位至倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種差異無(wú)法用解剖學(xué)來(lái)解釋”，其中差異指的是音高差異，可知該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

13.單選題

Inmanaginginformationresources,themediummaybethekeytoaneffectivesystem.Themediumisavehicle,atool,oracontainerforholdinginformation;theinformationitselfisthethingofvalue.

Threepopularcategoriesofinformationmediaarepaper,film，andelectronicstoragedevices.Themediachoicemustnotbeviewedasachoiceamongthesethree,however;itmustbeviewedasanopportunitytoselectfromamultitudeofmediapossibilitiesincombinationsthatbuildeffectivesystems.Inmanyinstancesthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementisnotthepersonwhodeterminesthemediuminwhichinformationwillbecreated.Insuchacase,themanagerofafirm’sinformationresourcesfacesachallengeinmakingasignificantcontributiontotheorganization’sobjectives.

Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.Examplesincludekeyingorscanningpaperdocumentstoconvertthemtoelectronicmedia.Otherprocessesconvertelectronicmediafromoneformattoanother.Forexample,diskfilescreatedononesystemmaynotbecompatiblewithanothersystem.Varioushardwareandsoftwarecombinationscanbeusedtoconvertfilestoformatsthatequipmentwillaccept.Forinformationgeneratedwithinorganizations,thisnecessityofmakingsystemscompatiblemaybeeliminatedbycooperativeplanning.However,verylittlecontrolcanbeexercisedoverthemediausedtogenerateinformationthatcomestoyourorganizationfromtheoutside.

Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.Forexample,apaperrecordmaybecreatedbecauseofitsportabilityandbecausenospecialequipmentisnecessaryforlaterreferencestothatinformation;electronictransmissionmaybeselectedbecauseitisthefastestmeansofcommunicatinginformation.Afirmmayuseelectronicmailbecauseanetworkalreadyexistsforon-linecomputercommunication.Theadditionalapplicationmaycostlessthanpostagetomailpapermemo.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

2.Thefirstparagraphaimsattellingthereader（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,（）

4.Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,themanagershould（）

5.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.MediaSelectioninManagingInformationResources.

B.TheImportanceandNecessityofMediaConversion.

C.ThreeCategoriesofInformationMedia.

D.VariousMeansofCommunicatingInformation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofinformationresourcesmanagement

B.therelationshipbetweenthemediumandinformation

C.thegreatvarietyofmediaforholdinginformation

D.thenumerousresourcesofinformation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.paperisthebeststoragedevice

B.peoplehavethreechoicesinselectinginformationmedium

C.itisbettertoletthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementdeterminethemedium

D.themanagershouldbuildaneffectivesystembyselectingagoodcombinationofdifferentmedia

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.convertallpaperdocumentstoelectronicmedia

B.makemediaconversionwhennecessary

C.controlthemediausedtogenerateinformationbothinsideandoutsidehisorganization

D.useoneformatinprocessinginformation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.paperrecordisthemostconvenientmediumforlaterreference

B.electronicmailcostslessthanpostagetomailpapermemos

C.differentmediaforinformationmaybeselectedfordifferentpurposes

D.byusingdifferentmedia，afirmcancreatevariousinformationforitsobjectives

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要是講信息資源管理中的媒介選擇。選項(xiàng)A正確，其余選項(xiàng)都是片面的觀點(diǎn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知：媒介是一種承載信息的載體、工具或容器；信息本身就是有價(jià)值的東西。所以本段主要是講媒體與信息之間的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Themediachoice...thatbuildeffectivesystems.”媒體的選擇不能被視為這三種選擇之一；它必須被視為一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，從眾多的媒體選擇的可能性組合，以建立有效的系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.”為了有效地管理信息資源，可能需要進(jìn)行媒體轉(zhuǎn)換。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.”信息媒體可能被選擇，以滿足在創(chuàng)建和傳播信息時(shí)存在的需要。也就是說(shuō)不同信息媒體的選擇是出于不同的目的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

14.單選題

Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow,butatfirstIthoughtthathe（）today.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wascoming

B.iscoming

C.willcome

D.come

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。題干中的第一個(gè)分句用的是現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，第二個(gè)分句的主句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該使用表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，某些動(dòng)詞（如come，arrive，leave等）的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可以表示將來(lái)。句意：我父親明天會(huì)來(lái)，但起初我以為他今天會(huì)來(lái)。因此，根據(jù)題意和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

It’squiteobviousthattheagingpopulationinChinawillcause（

）heavypressureon（

）wholesocietyinthefuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.a;a

B.the;/

C.a;the

D./;the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠詞用法。第一個(gè)空格后是pressure“壓力”，為不可數(shù)名詞，句中并不特指“壓力”，因此無(wú)須使用冠詞；第二空后的是wholesociety“整個(gè)社會(huì)”，應(yīng)用定冠詞the。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Membersofaristocracydon’t______agreatdealofpowernowadays.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wield

B.manipulated

C.manage

D.sway

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)wield“使用，行使”，B項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱，操作，巧妙地處理”，C項(xiàng)manage“管理，經(jīng)營(yíng)，控制”，D項(xiàng)sway“影響，統(tǒng)治，使搖動(dòng)”?？崭裉幥懊嬗兄鷦?dòng)詞do，所以后面的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，排除B選項(xiàng)；賓語(yǔ)是power，只有wieldpower“掌握權(quán)利”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：現(xiàn)在貴族成員沒(méi)有多少權(quán)力。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Ishouldbeabletofinishthetaskontime,（）youprovidemewiththenecessaryguidance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incase

B.providedthat

C.orelse

D.asif

【答案】B

【解析】考查條件句。前半部分說(shuō)“我應(yīng)該能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)”，后半部分是條件“只要你提供給我必要的指導(dǎo)”。A選項(xiàng)incase“萬(wàn)一”；B選項(xiàng)providedthat“只要”；C選項(xiàng)orelse“否則，要不然”；D選項(xiàng)asif“好像”，結(jié)合句意，只有B項(xiàng)符合。

18.單選題

Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureeverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspacesintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighborhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironment

2.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationhasledto（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided

4.Accordingtotheauthor,greenspacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat

5.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isstillunknown

B.hasbeenfullyrecognized

C.isbeingcloselystudied

D.isusuallyneglected

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thedisproportionofrecreationfacilitiesintheneighbourhood

B.theimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesintheneighbourhood

C.relativelylittleattentionforrecreativepossibilities

D.thelocationofrecreationfacilitiesfarfromhome

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.intheneighbourhoodofthehouse

B.inthesuburbs

C.inspecialareas

D.ingardensandparks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

D.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

B.betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife

C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago

D.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted提到關(guān)于城市綠地的功能已經(jīng)被廣泛接受，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段提到這種理論區(qū)分造成了對(duì)遠(yuǎn)離家庭的休閑形式的失衡的關(guān)注，和對(duì)于生活區(qū)域附近的休閑場(chǎng)所發(fā)展的忽略（disproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome），由此得出這種區(qū)分導(dǎo)致人們把休閑設(shè)施的重點(diǎn)放在離家遠(yuǎn)的區(qū)域，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第二段soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse提到休閑設(shè)施應(yīng)該先從離家近的地方開(kāi)始，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第二段提到thedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.文章主要講述了如何更好地利用小區(qū)的綠地空間來(lái)增加城市居民的生活質(zhì)量，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatthecarsofataxifirmcalledAAAAhaveabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomerslookthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentsandvice-presidentshavesurnamesstartingwithBandCseparatelyand26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffet,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.SoshortsightedZysmanjunior