考研考博-英語(yǔ)-定西師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-定西師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

（）oforganicfoods--atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly--frequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Captives

B.Addicts

C.Contestants

D.Advocates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。captive“俘虜”；addict“吸毒成癮的人；入迷的人”；contestant“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者”；advocate“擁護(hù)者”。句意：有機(jī)食品這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的意義至今多樣，它的______宣稱這類食品比其他食品更加安全，更加有營(yíng)養(yǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

In2008therewerefearsthatwemightenteranothereconomic（）asbadasthe1930s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drop

B.recession

C.decrease

D.slump

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。drop“水滴”；recession“衰退，不景氣”；decrease“減少，降低”；slump“（價(jià)格，數(shù)量等）驟降”。句意：2008年的時(shí)候，有人擔(dān)心我們可能會(huì)進(jìn)入與上世紀(jì)30年代一樣嚴(yán)重的又一次的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughtgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericanbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans（

）.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly

（

）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbeliever（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce.

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment.

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Honestbusinessmen.

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C.Peoplewithidealsofequality.

D.Businessinstitutionsandgovernment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctionpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleader

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.Inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthantheseinothercountries

D.BusinessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment（在美國(guó)社會(huì)中，商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)比任何其他類型的組織都有更高的聲譽(yù)，包括政府）可知C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)是美國(guó)人最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)本身不僅是好的，它也是美國(guó)其他基本價(jià)值觀如個(gè)人自由、機(jī)會(huì)平等和努力工作的保護(hù)手段）可知D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.（理論上，如果一個(gè)企業(yè)試圖利用其客戶的不公平優(yōu)勢(shì)，它將輸給對(duì)其客戶更公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性企業(yè)。當(dāng)許多企業(yè)為了顧客的錢(qián)而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，他們不能像對(duì)待下級(jí)或奴隸那樣對(duì)待他們）可知是從從企業(yè)與客戶兩個(gè)角度說(shuō)明商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，因此選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（人們常常將商業(yè)和政府進(jìn)行對(duì)比，一個(gè)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，另一個(gè)具有壟斷性）可知A選項(xiàng)“其對(duì)權(quán)力的絕對(duì)控制”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)成功通常被視為是美國(guó)人對(duì)基于家庭背景的社會(huì)等級(jí)的替代方式。因此，商業(yè)被視為是機(jī)會(huì)平等觀念的一種表達(dá)，而不是繼承特權(quán)的貴族觀念）可知B選項(xiàng)“在許多國(guó)家，成功往往取決于一個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位”符合題意。

4.單選題

Notcontentwithmerespeech,shebroughtalongchartsandgraphsto______herarguments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concede

B.coax

C.sanction

D.bolster

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.concede承認(rèn)，讓步B.coax哄誘

C.sanction制裁，處罰，批準(zhǔn)D.bolster支撐，改善

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“她不滿足于只有演講，她還用了圖表來(lái)______她的觀點(diǎn)”，結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，空格處表示“支撐”符合句意。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】她不滿足于只有演講，她還用了圖表來(lái)支撐她的觀點(diǎn)。

5.單選題

Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.

Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.

Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.

AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.

Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.

Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.

1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby（）.

2.Theimmigrants'flushinginwasconsideredathreattoAmericanvaluemainlybecause（）.

3."Citizenshipclasses"(Para.4)wereofferedbecauseAmericans（）.

4.Thepoliticalbosseshelpedthenewimmigrantsforthemainpurposeof（）.

5.Thelivingstandardsofthenewimmigrantswereimprovedinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesmainlybecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencetheyshowedfromthemajority

B.thetimewhentheyarrivedatthenewland

C.thebackgroundconditionstheycamefrom

D.thereligionsgrouptowhichtheybelonged

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theimmigrantscamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope

B.theimmigrantshadbeenaccustomedtopovertyanddependence

C.theimmigrantshaddifferenthomelandtraditionsandotherparticularcharacteristics

D.theimmigrantsdidnotspeakEnglish

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wantedtohelptheimmigrantstosolvetheirpracticalneeds

B.wouldnotacceptanygroupswithdifferenttraditions

C.wantedtheimmigrantstodealwiththethreattotheAmericanvalues

D.wantedtheimmigrantstolearnaboutandtokeeptheAmericanvalues

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.showingofftheirpoliticalpowersandadvantages

B.gettingsupportinelections

C.assimilatingtheminorityintothemajority

D.showingtheirgenerosity

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theykeptthepoliticalbossesinpower

B.thepoliticalbossesgavethemalotofpracticalhelp

C.theyhadamuchstrongerfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture

D.therewasarapidgrowthinAmericaneconomyatthattime

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...aminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.”少數(shù)群體因其不同于占主導(dǎo)地位的多數(shù)群體的特征的程度決定了該群體被接受的程度。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.”大量具有明顯不同特征的移民往往被視為對(duì)美國(guó)基本價(jià)值觀和美國(guó)生活方式的威脅。選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.”為移民提供公民課程是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)希望移民們了解并保持美國(guó)的價(jià)值觀。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.”作為對(duì)他們幫助的回報(bào)，政治領(lǐng)袖們希望移民們?cè)谶x舉中投票支持他們，從而使他們繼續(xù)掌權(quán)。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.根據(jù)第六段的第三句“ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.”20世紀(jì)的移民生活水平提高主要原因還是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.單選題

Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.permissive

B.permutable

C.pernicious

D.permissible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)permissive“寬容的”；B選項(xiàng)permutable“可排列的；能交換的”；C選項(xiàng)pernicious“有害的；惡性的；致命的；險(xiǎn)惡的”；D選項(xiàng)permissible“可允許的；獲得準(zhǔn)許的”。句意：在許多國(guó)家，吸煙在公共場(chǎng)所是不……。結(jié)合句意，A，B，C選項(xiàng)可以排除，D選項(xiàng)permissible（可允許的；獲得準(zhǔn)許的）最符合語(yǔ)意，吸煙在公眾場(chǎng)合是不被允許的，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

Today’scollegestudentsaremorenarcissistic（自戀的）andself-centeredthantheirpredecessors,accordingtoacomprehensivenewstudybyfivepsychologistswhoworrythatthetrendcouldbeharmfultopersonalrelationshipsandAmericansociety.

“Weneedtostopendlesslyrepeating‘You’respecial’andhavingchildrenrepeatthatback,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor,ProfessorJeanTwengeofSanDiegoStateUniversity.“Kidsareself-centeredenoughalready.”“Unfortunately,narcissismcanalsohaveverynegativeconsequencesforsociety,includingthebreakdownofcloserelationshipswithothers,”hesaid.Thestudyassertsthatnarcissists“aremorelikelytohaveromanticrelationshipsthatareshort-lived,atriskforinfidelity,lackemotionalwarmth,andtoexhibitgame-playing,dishonesty,andover-controllingandviolentbehaviors”.Twenge,theauthorof“GenerationMe:WhyToday’sYoungAmericansAreMoreConfident,

Assertive,Entitled—andMoreMiserableThanEverBefore”,saidnarcissiststendtolackempathy,reactaggressivelytocriticismandfavorself-promotionoverhelpingothers.

Someanalystshavecommendedtoday’syoungpeopleforincreasedcommitmenttovolunteerwork.ButTwengeviewedeventhisphenomenonskeptically,notingthatmanyhighschoolsrequirecommunityserviceandmanyyouthsfeelpressuretolistsuchendeavorsoncollegeapplications.

Campbellsaidthenarcissismupsurgeseemedsopronounced（非常明顯的）thathewasunsureiftherewereobviousremedies.“Permissivenessseemstobeacomponent,”hesaid.“Apotentialantidotewouldbemoreauthoritativeparenting.Lessindulgencemightbecalledfor.”

Yetstudents,whileacknowledgingsomelegitimacytosuchfindings,don’tnecessarilyacceptnegativegeneralizationsabouttheirgeneration.

HanadyKader,aUniversityofWashingtonsenior,saidsheworkedunpaidlastsummerhelpingresettlerefugeesandconsidersmanyofherpeerstobecivic-minded.Butsheisdismayed（氣餒，灰心）bythecompetitivenessofsomestudentswhoseemprematurelyfocusedoncareerstatus.“We’re

encouragedalottobeindividualsandgooutthereanddowhatyouwant,andnobodyshouldstandinyourway,”Kadersaid.“Icanseegoalsandambitionsgettinginthewayofotherthingslikerelationships.”

KariDalane,aUniversityofVermontsophomore,saysmostofhercontemporariesarepoliticallyactiveandnotoverlyself-centered.“Peopleareworriedaboutthemselves—butinthesenseofwherethey’regoingtofindaplaceintheworld,”shesaid.“Peoplewanttolooktheirbest,haveagoodtime,butitdoesn’tmeanthey’renotconcernedabouttherestoftheworld.”

Besides,someoftheresponsesonthenarcissismtestmightnotbeworrisome,Dalanesaid,“Itwouldbemoredepressingifpeopleanswered,‘No,I’mnotspecial’.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,anarcissisticpersonmay（）.

2.Theitalicizedword“commended”（Line1,Para.3）means（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Itisimpliedthat（）.

5.Itispropertobe（）whenyouhearsomeonesay“I’mspecial”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hatecriticism

B.bedishonesttohis/herpartner

C.beunwillingtohelpothers

D.alltheabove

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.praised

B.criticized

C.recommended

D.disfavored

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Narcissismmayresultinbadconsequences.

B.Collegestudentsareactivetoparticipateinvolunteerwork.

C.Somepeopledoubtwhetherthereareremediestocounterthenarcissismupsurge.

D.Somecollegestudentsareoverlyengagedinself-promotion.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.boththeresearchersandcollegestudentsareworriedaboutthetrendofnarcissism

B.theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonthefindingsofthestudy

C.theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonsomeofthefindingsofthestudy

D.collegestudentsarepessimisticabouttheirfuture

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.pessimistic

C.optimistic

D.worried

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞narcissistic定位到原文第二段第四句，原文指出at?risk?for?infidelity,?lack?emotional?warmth，and?to?exhibitor?game-playing，dishonesty是選項(xiàng)C，B，A的同義表達(dá)。

2.語(yǔ)義題。第三段第一行句中,研究人員commended的是increased?commitment?to?volunteer?work(年輕人參加志愿活動(dòng)的責(zé)任心增加),所以應(yīng)該是肯定的態(tài)度。句后But?Twenge?viewed?even?this?phenomenon?skeptically(Twenge對(duì)此現(xiàn)象持否定懷疑態(tài)度)更加斷定,commended為肯定,選項(xiàng)A與之對(duì)應(yīng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段首句unsure?if?there?were?obvious?remedie可知不明確的是是否有明顯的治療法，而不是沒(méi)有治療法，而且之后文章舉了一些治療法的例子。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。關(guān)鍵詞collegestudents體現(xiàn)到文章第五段acknowledging?some?legitimacy?to?such?findings,don't?necessarily?accept?negative?generalizations?about?their?generation,因此研究者和學(xué)生只是部分意見(jiàn)不符。

5.態(tài)度題。文章最后一句說(shuō)到It?would?be?more?depressing?if?people?answered,?‘No,?I’m?not?special’(如果有人回答，不，我不特別，這可能更讓人沮喪)，由此判斷，當(dāng)聽(tīng)人說(shuō)I’m?not?special，應(yīng)該持積極樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。

8.單選題

Faulkner'sneighborsbothlovedandreviledhiminthesamebreath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scolded

B.revealed

C.revived

D.reveled

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Faulkner的鄰居們對(duì)他又愛(ài)又罵。reviled意為“辱罵，謾罵”。scolded責(zé)罵，訓(xùn)斥；revealed透露，顯示；revived使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)；reveled狂歡，陶醉。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

9.單選題

Ifyou’replanningongoingsightseeingaroundtheoldcity,aguideis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indicative

B.indifferent

C.indispensable

D.incredible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indicative“象征的；指示的”；indifferent“冷淡的，不關(guān)心的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；incredible“難以置信的”。句意：如果你打算去舊城觀光的話，向?qū)莀_____。根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Beforeyoucanmakeafreshfruitsalad,youmustbuy（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeachesarenecessary

B.orangesandbananasandpineapplesandpeaches

C.orangesandbananasandotherfruits.Suchaspineapplesandpeaches

D.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeaches

【答案】D

【解析】考查并列謂語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)arenecessary成分贅余，可排除。B選項(xiàng)and用法使用錯(cuò)誤，可排除。C選項(xiàng)and用法錯(cuò)誤，也可排除。句意：在你做新鮮水果沙拉之前，你必須先買(mǎi)……。結(jié)合句意，D選項(xiàng)and用法準(zhǔn)確，符合句意，因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Undernormalcircumstancesthebodycan（

）thesenaturallyoccurringsubstancesintovitamins.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.convert

B.render

C.derive

D.originate

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。convert轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)變；render致使，提供；derive源于，獲得；originate發(fā)源，發(fā)生。句意：在正常情況下，身體可以將這些自然產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為維生素。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Inthe______oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.face

B.time

C.event

D.course

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inthefaceof“面對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)inthetimeof“在……時(shí)間段”；C選項(xiàng)intheeventof“萬(wàn)一，倘若”；D選項(xiàng)inthecourseof“在……過(guò)程中”。句意：______項(xiàng)目不成功，投資者將損失高達(dá)3000萬(wàn)美元。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指項(xiàng)目失敗的結(jié)果是損失3000萬(wàn)美金，C選項(xiàng)intheeventof“萬(wàn)一，倘若”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone（）me.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.telephoned

B.hastelephoned

C.telephones

D.shouldtelephone

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。Thisisthefirst（序數(shù)詞）timethat…表示“第一次做某事”，后面的從句一定要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成have/hasdone。句意：你可能不會(huì)相信，這已經(jīng)是今晚第三次有人給我打電話了。hastelephoned使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。

14.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意測(cè)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始顯示出一種不情愿的共識(shí)……即高失業(yè)率很可能會(huì)持續(xù)下去。這意味著我們必須設(shè)法更廣泛地分享現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)）從民意調(diào)查結(jié)果可知現(xiàn)在失業(yè)率很高，現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)只能滿足一小部分人口，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的四個(gè)問(wèn)句（我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)把就業(yè)視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？難道我們不應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)許多其他方式來(lái)尊重別人的工作嗎？我們是否應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件，讓很多人可以為自己工作，而不是為雇主工作？難道我們的目標(biāo)不應(yīng)該是重振家庭和社區(qū)，以及工廠和辦公室，作為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心嗎？）可知我們應(yīng)該改變以前的工作觀念，被雇傭并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改變觀念的具體例子，并不能概括其中心觀點(diǎn)，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以為將來(lái)的工作提供更好的前景）可知與A選項(xiàng)“普遍就業(yè)實(shí)際上保證了繁榮”說(shuō)法不符，工業(yè)時(shí)代只是提供一個(gè)好的工作機(jī)會(huì)，并不能保證繁榮；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如歷史所示，普遍就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟(jì)自由）可知B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)自由在每個(gè)人的掌握之中”說(shuō)法不正確；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的變化可能會(huì)被保留）可知與D選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)工作的態(tài)度必須保留”不符，通過(guò)排除法，因此選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（隨著交通的改善……最終，許多人的工作失去了與他們的家庭生活和他們居住的地方的所有聯(lián)系）可知人們可以到離家很遠(yuǎn)的地方工作，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的內(nèi)容為：這一切現(xiàn)在可能必須改變?，F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候把為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的烏托邦式目標(biāo)的努力和資源，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閹椭芏鄾](méi)有全職工作的人進(jìn)行管理的緊迫的實(shí)際任務(wù)上來(lái)。烏托邦表示某些好的，但是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的（或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的）建議、愿望、計(jì)劃等，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)是不可能的”符合題意。

15.單選題

Ideasabout“spoiling”childrenhawalwaysinvolvedconsiderationofjustwhatisaspoiledchild,howdoesspoilingoccur,andwhataretheconsequencesofspoiling.Theyhavealwaysincludedconceptsofachild’snatureandconceptsoftheidealchildandtheidealadults.

Themanymothersof1820whobelongedtotheearly“maternalassociations”struggledtoupholdtheideasaboutchildraisingthathadbeenprevalentintheeighteenthcentury.Theyhadalwaysbeentoldthatthespoiledchildstoodindangerofhavingtroublelaterinlife(whenexposedtoallthetemptationoftheworld)and,moreimportantly,stoodindangerofspiritualruin.

Atfirst,theonlyapproachthesemotherknewwasto“breakthewill”ofthechild.Thisapproach,cominginitiallyfromthetheologyofCalvin,theFrenchProtestantreformer,wasinheritedfromthesternoutlookofthePuritans.Asonemotherwrote“Nochildhaseverbeenknown,sincetheearliestperiodoftheworld,destituteofanevildisposition-howeversweetitappears.”Infantdepravity,bywhichwasmeantthechild’simpulses,couldbecurbedonlybybreakingthewillsothatthechildsubmittedimplicitlytoparentalguidance.

In1834,amotherdescribedthistechnique:Uponthefather’sorder,her16-month-olddaughterhadrefusedtosay“DearMama”,sothetoddlerwasaloneinaroomwhereshescreamedwildlyfortenminutes.Afterthetenminutes,thechildwascommandedagain,andagainsherefused,soshewaswhippedandorderedagain.Thiscontinuedforfourhoursuntilthechildfinallyobeyed.Parentscommonlyreportedthatafteronesuchtrialof“will”,thechildbecamepermanentlysubmissive.Inpassing,wecannotethatknowledgeaboutachild’s“No”periodmighthavemoderatedthediscipliningoflittlechildrenandtheapplicationoftheproverb“Sparetherodandspoilthechild.”

Byfreeingthechildfromitsevilnature,parentsbelievedtheycouldthenguidethechildintoacquiringtherightcharactertraits,suchashonesty,industriousnessandsobriety.Thesemoralprinciplesfixedinthechild’scharacter,weretogovernitthroughoutlife,inasocietywherefreeenterprise,individualeffort,andcompetitionwerebelievedtobetherulingforces.

1.Whentheauthortalksaboutideasconsideredin“thespoilingofchildren”,hedoesnotinclude______.

2.Accordingtothearticle,themothersof1820weredeterminedto______.

3.Calvinismentionedinthisarticletoshow______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenatureofachild

B.attitudesofspoiledchildrenwhentheybecomeadults

C.reasonswhyspoilingoccurs

D.consequencesfromspoilingachild

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.developindependenceintheirchildren

B.avoidexposingtheir