考研考博-英語(yǔ)-博爾塔拉職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-博爾塔拉職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Afterhewaspraisedforwhathehaddone,hesaid,“I______evenbetterunderharderconditions.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.woulddo

B.wouldhavedone

C.did

D.haddone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。under引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone，故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：在他的所作所為受到表?yè)P(yáng)后，他說(shuō)，“在更艱苦的條件下，我會(huì)做得更好?！币虼?，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cessation表示“停止，中止”，B項(xiàng)surveillance表示“監(jiān)督，（對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人或可能發(fā)生犯罪的地方的）監(jiān)視”，C項(xiàng)guidance表示“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”，D項(xiàng)supervision表示“監(jiān)督，管理”，指活動(dòng)或行動(dòng)過(guò)程中的監(jiān)督，尤指批判性地指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞FBI（聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“監(jiān)視”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不斷監(jiān)視這所房子，希望能一次性抓獲所有罪犯。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Millionsoffarmers,drawnbytheofemployment,cameintothecity,whichmadetheproblemsoftransportationandhousingevenmoreserious.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosperity

B.prospect

C.expectation

D.withrespectto

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prosperityn.繁榮，成功；B選項(xiàng)prospectn.前途，預(yù)期；C選項(xiàng)expectationn.期待，預(yù)期，指望；D選項(xiàng)anticipationn.預(yù)料，希望，預(yù)感。根據(jù)句意可知，數(shù)百萬(wàn)的農(nóng)民，滿懷找工作的希望涌入城市，使得城市里的交通和住房問(wèn)題變得更加嚴(yán)重。因此，正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost（

）ofgovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tough

B.demanding

C.diverse

D.benign

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tough意為“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，堅(jiān)韌的”；demanding意為“要求高的，費(fèi)力的”；diverse意為“不同的，多種多樣的”；benign意為“溫和的，仁慈的”。

句意：但是像這樣的禮物不能獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給每個(gè)人，不管是由法官還是由溫和的政府。

5.單選題

Thestockmarketdeclinedsharply,andrampantbusinessinvestmentslumped.Thenanensuingspateonscandals_______publictrustinthewaycompanieswererun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consolidated

B.illuminated

C.weakened

D.celebrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consolidate“鞏固，加強(qiáng)”；B選項(xiàng)illuminate“說(shuō)明；使?fàn)N爛”；C選項(xiàng)weaken“削弱”；D選項(xiàng)celebrate“慶祝；宣告”。句意：股市大幅下跌，泛濫的商業(yè)投資大幅下滑。接著是一連串的丑聞_______公眾對(duì)公司運(yùn)作方式的信任。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，股市大跌，投資下滑，可知這里表達(dá)負(fù)面的意味，weaken“削弱”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

DeadSeaisasaltwaterlakeinsouthwesternAsia.Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.Itisaboutninetimesassaltyastheocean.ThelakeliesatthemouthoftheRiverJordanandformspartoftheborderbetweenIsraelandJordan.

ThesaltywatersofDeadSeaappearsmoothandsparkling.Rockyandbarrenlandsurroundsthelake,andsteep,brightlycoloredcliffsriseaboveitseasternandwesternbanks.ThelakeiscalledtheDeadSeabecausefewplantsandnofishexceptbrineshrimpliveinitswaters.Inaddition,littleplantlifegrowsinthesaltysoilaroundtheDeadSea.

TheDeadSealiesintheGhor,adeepfault(breakintheearth'soutershell,alongwhichrockhasmoved).Thelakecoversabout1,040squarekilometers.Itis18kilometerswideatitswidestpointandabout80kilometerslong.

ApeninsulacalledAtLisanjutsintotheDeadSeafromitseasternshoreanddividesthelakeintoalargenorthernbasinandasmallersouthernbasin.Thelake'sdeepestpartisinthenorthernbasin.Inthisarea,thelakebosomlies400metersbelowthesurfaceandabout799metersbelowsealevel.

Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.Theregiongetslessthan100millimetersofrainannually.TheRiverJordanandseveralstreamspourrelativelyfreshwaterintothelake.Thefreshwatermixeswithsaltywateratthesurface.Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.

TheDeadSeacontainslargequantitiesofminerals,includingcommonsalt,bromine,calciumchloride,andpotassiumchloride.AnIsraelicompanycalledtheDeadSeaWorkextractsthemineralsfromthewaterforuseinmakingsuchproductsastablesalt,fertilizer,anddrugs.

AtthesouthernendoftheDeadSeaanetworkofdikesformsshallowpoolsthatcovermorethat100squarekilometers.Thesepoolsevaporateandleavebehindmineralsolids,whicharethenrefinedbytheDeadSeaWorks.SomepeoplebelievethatbathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.Severalhealthresortsintheareaprovidefacilitiesforbathers.

TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsagowhentheArabianpeninsulaandtheAfricancontinentshiftedandformedtheGreatRiftValley.TheDeadSeaismentionedintheBibleasTheSaltSea.TheancientcitiesofSodomandGomorrahstoodnearthelake.

1.WhatarethestrikingmainfeaturesoftheDeadSea?

2.Extremeheatisresponsiblefor（）.

3.Scholarsarenotquitesureabout（）.

4.TheDeadSeais（）.

5.ThewaterintheDeadSeaissosaltythatpeoplecan（）.

6.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

7.Inthephrase"Inthisarea"inline3ofparagraph4,"thisarea"refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.DeadSeaisapartofAsia.

B.Itisthesaltiestandlowestlakeoftheworld.

C.DeadSeaisnotsodeadthatsomefishcanliveinitswater.

D.Theregiongetsalotrainannually.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehighsaltcontentofthewater

B.richresources

C.alonghistory

D.thewateroftheDeadSea

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theSaltSea

B.theBible

C.minerals

D.theformationoftheDeadSea

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.tothesoutheasternAsia

B.notbarrenland

C.abundantinminerals

D.dead

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.batheinitformedicalpurpose

B.swiminit

C.floateasilyinthewater

D.useitastheonlysourceforsalt

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.thewaterlevelnowislowerthanitwasbeforeearly1900's

B.manyhealthresortsarebuiltaroundtheDeadSeasinceearly1900's

C.thereisnolifeintheDeadSea

D.theheavyraineachyeargreatlydilutethewaterintheDeadSea

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.theDeadSea

B.AtLisan

C.Northernbasin

D.Southernbasin

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.”可知,死海最顯著的幾個(gè)特征是海拔最低,海水最咸,所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第五段的倒數(shù)二三句“Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.”該地區(qū)的極端高溫導(dǎo)致這些水迅速蒸發(fā)。因此,死海的鹽分從未減少過(guò)。也就是海水含鹽量大,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsago...”由“probably”可以推測(cè),學(xué)者們對(duì)死海的形成不太確定。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第七段倒數(shù)第二句“...bathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.”有些人認(rèn)為,在死海洗澡是健康的,因?yàn)樗缓V物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.”含鹽量極高的水提供了巨大的浮力,使游泳者可以輕松漂浮。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第五段第一句“Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.”可知選項(xiàng)A符合原文,其他選項(xiàng)均表述錯(cuò)誤。

7.根據(jù)原文上一句提到,這個(gè)湖最深的地方在北部水域,下一句指出湖泊位于水面以下400米,海平面以下約799米,說(shuō)明“Inthisarea”指的就是北部水域,選項(xiàng)C正確。

7.單選題

Theyuse___salestacticstodefeattheirmajorcompetitor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.immoral

B.immortal

C.unscrupulous

D.ambitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)immoral“不道德的（生活作風(fēng)上的道德上的錯(cuò)誤）；邪惡的；淫蕩的”；B選項(xiàng)immortal“不朽的；神仙的；長(zhǎng)生的”；C選項(xiàng)unscrupulous“肆無(wú)忌憚的；寡廉鮮恥的；不講道德的（不誠(chéng)實(shí)或不公平）”；D選項(xiàng)ambitious“野心勃勃的；有雄心的；熱望的；炫耀的”。句意：他們使用___銷售策略來(lái)?yè)魯≈饕母?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。本句表達(dá)“肆無(wú)忌憚的銷售策略”，指不誠(chéng)信、不公平的銷售手段，和生活作風(fēng)無(wú)關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

TheALSPACreportisthethirdinrecentyearstofindfeworno_______effectsfromconsumingmosttypesofseafoodduringpregnancy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adverse

B.aggregate

C.antagonistic

D.animate

【答案】A

【解析】adverse不利的,敵對(duì)的;aggregate合計(jì)的,聚合的;antagonistic反對(duì)的,敵對(duì)的;animate有生命的。句意：ALSPAC的報(bào)告是近年來(lái)第三份發(fā)現(xiàn)孕期食用大多數(shù)品種的海鮮很少有或者幾乎沒(méi)有副作用的報(bào)告。

選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Wedon’tthinkthathis（

）abilityhasbeenwelldeveloped.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.potential

C.initial

D.invisible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。possible“可能的”；potential“有潛力的”；initial“最初的”；invisible“看不見的”。句意：我們認(rèn)為他的潛力沒(méi)有被好好挖掘。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinginairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheiranxietybytellingjokes.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes,sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhypeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingoffear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone'sfears?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

B.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

C.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

D.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Todisguisetheiranxiety

B.Toattackothers

C.Tocontrolone’sownfears

D.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.tobefamiliarwithtension

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Earlychildhoodexperience.

B.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

C.Thefearofheights.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

C.Tocontrolone'sfeelings.

D.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人試圖通過(guò)講笑話來(lái)掩飾他們的焦慮；另一些人則吵鬧和好斗，攻擊別人的方法是使人成為被取笑的對(duì)象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的對(duì)象。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.有時(shí)讓別人成為笑話的對(duì)象是為了控制自己的恐懼——控制焦慮?！庇纱丝芍?，人們講笑話的積極目的是為了控制自己的恐懼和焦慮，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知，控制焦慮意味著要克服緊張不安的感覺(jué)，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.但關(guān)鍵的因素似乎是一種失控的感覺(jué)?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知：在問(wèn)題得以解決之前，有必要認(rèn)識(shí)它，承認(rèn)我們害怕是控制恐懼過(guò)程中不可分割的一部分。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

11.翻譯題

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中國(guó)有5000多年的歷史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

歷史上，中國(guó)在短期內(nèi)被劃分為多個(gè)部分，并且不同的區(qū)域由不同的群體管轄。

從公元前21世紀(jì)的夏朝開始至清朝結(jié)束，中國(guó)歷史上經(jīng)歷過(guò)幾十個(gè)朝代的變更。

每個(gè)朝代在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和科學(xué)技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域都有獨(dú)特的成就。

漢朝是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最先進(jìn)的帝國(guó),“漢族”這一名稱就得名于漢朝。

唐朝因統(tǒng)一時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、國(guó)力強(qiáng)盛而被國(guó)人銘記，因此在海外的中國(guó)人自稱為“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育與科學(xué)高度繁榮的時(shí)代。

但朝代的更替一般會(huì)導(dǎo)致連年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，給人民大眾帶來(lái)了難以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛澤東宣布中華人民共和國(guó)的成立。

毛澤東思想作為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的政治和軍事指導(dǎo)思想被廣泛應(yīng)用。

12.單選題

Thedoctorponderedforawhile,tryingtorecallwhichofseveralmedicationswouldbebestto（

）thepatient’ssuffering.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.restrict

C.decrease

D.diminish

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。alleviate“減輕，使……緩和”；restrict“限制，約束”；decrease“減少”；diminish“減少，減損”。句意：醫(yī)生仔細(xì)考慮了一會(huì)，試圖回想起哪一種藥能夠最有效地減輕病人的痛苦。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizationsStaffBeforeService.

Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff.Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicegrillestobeoccupied"attimeswhendemandislow”.

Itisthesamewithhotels,becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceiscutshort.Asforusguests,wejusthavetoputupwithit.Thereisalsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeenthrownoutoftheirjobsintheinterestsof"efficiency”andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichoffereverythingfromlagertolaxatives.Nottomentionthetea-makingkitinyourroom:akettlewithamixedcollectionofteabags,plasticmilkboxesandlumpsugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idonot,especiallywhenIampayingfor“service”.

Canitbestopped,thisworseningofservice,thisgrowingattitudethatthecustomerisalwaysabore?Iangrilyhopesobecauseitishappening,sadly,inallwalksoflife.

Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere.

1.Thewriterfeelsthatnowadaysacustomer（

）.

2.Thewriterarguesthatthequalityofserviceischangingbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothewriter,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby（

）.

4.Serviceorganizationscontendthatkeepingallcheckoutcountersoperatedcanresultin（

）.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatacustomer（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deservestheloweststatusinsociety

B.isunworthyofproperconsideration

C.receivesunexpectedqualityservice

D.isthevictimofsomepublicservices

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.customers'demandshavegreatlychanged

B.servicesprovidedneverbecomeconsistent

C.thestaffreceivemoreconsiderationthancustomers

D.staffmembersarelessconsideratethantheiremployers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.difficultiesinhiringemployees

B.deliberateunderstaffing

C.lackofcooperationbetweenstaffmembers

D.employeesirresponsibility

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demandsbycashiersforapayraise

B.insignificantbenefitsforthecustomers.

C.ariseinthecostforprovidingservice.

D.needstopurchaseexpensiveequipment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.putupwiththerudemannersofthestaff

B.bepatientwhenqueuingbeforecheckoutcounters

C.trytocontrolhistemperwhenill-treated

D.gotootherplaceswheregoodserviceisavailable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的消費(fèi)者如何？”文章第一段第一句話提到“我受夠了被作為二等公民對(duì)待，僅僅因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)被不公正對(duì)待的社會(huì)成員—一個(gè)消費(fèi)者”(Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer)，接下來(lái)談及到在飯店、郵局、火車站、機(jī)場(chǎng)等地的一些經(jīng)歷，由這些可知選項(xiàng)D“是一些公共服務(wù)的受害者”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為服務(wù)質(zhì)量正在變化的原因是什么？”文章第二段第一句話提到“你有沒(méi)有因?yàn)猷]局或者超市沒(méi)有足夠的員工來(lái)安排他們的工作窗口或者收銀臺(tái)而排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的隊(duì)？”(Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?)，選項(xiàng)C“對(duì)員工的考慮多余對(duì)顧客的考慮”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，柜臺(tái)前排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)的原因是什么？”文章提到之所以有時(shí)候需要排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的對(duì)是因?yàn)閱T工配備少；而文章第二段第二句話提到“在現(xiàn)在這種高失業(yè)率的情況下，雇傭收銀員或者柜臺(tái)員工是很容易的”（Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff），因此可以推斷并不是雇傭不到員工，而是這些商場(chǎng)或者機(jī)構(gòu)不愿意去花錢雇傭更多的員工。選項(xiàng)B“故意的員工不足”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為讓所有收銀機(jī)全部工作起來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么后果？”文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“把收銀機(jī)全部運(yùn)行會(huì)增加成本”(Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts)，選項(xiàng)C“增加服務(wù)成本”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者建議消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該怎樣做？”文章最后一段提到“我們唯一的希望就是無(wú)論何時(shí)無(wú)論何地都要表達(dá)出我們的不滿，如果這些努力全失敗了，再去嘗試將古老的口號(hào)付諸實(shí)踐—去別處進(jìn)行買賣”（Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere），選項(xiàng)D“去有更好服務(wù)的地方”符合題意。

14.單選題

RiteofPassageisagoodnovelbyanystandards:（）itshouldrankhighonanylistofsciencefiction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistently

B.consequently

C.invariably

D.fortunately

【答案】B

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。consistently“一致地,一貫地”;consequently“因此,所以”;invariably“總是，不變地”;fortunately“幸運(yùn)地”。句意:無(wú)論以何種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量，《成人禮》都是一部?jī)?yōu)秀的小說(shuō):因此，它應(yīng)該排在任何科幻小說(shuō)的前列。前后構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.單選題

Mostreligiousorganizationsdependonthe（）actionsoftheirmembersforfinancialandmaterialaid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elemosynary

B.ellemosynary

C.elemosinary

D.eleemosynary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。D選項(xiàng)eleemosynary“施舍的；慈善的；接受接濟(jì)的”。A，B和C這三項(xiàng)在英語(yǔ)中不存在。句意為：大多數(shù)宗教組織依賴它們成員的慈善行為來(lái)獲取資金和物資支持。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Iintendtodealwiththeproblemsofformulatingpracticalandrealisticplansfortheapplicationofscienceandtechnologybythegovernmentofanewlyemergingcountry.IwillspecificallyhaveinmindthenewAfricannations,forvarioushistoricalreasons,theyareparticularlyshortoftrainedmanpower.

Thefirstthingwhichmuststrike,say,thePrimeMinsterorMinisteroffinanceofsuchayoungnation,isthatscienceandscientistsareexpensiveandthatfinancialdemandsclashwiththeinnumerableotherdemandsonacountry’sverylimitedfinancialresources,andstillmorelimitedforeigncurrency.

Inconsideringtheformulationofnationalpolicyinrelationtotheapplicationofscienceandtechnologyandtotheincreaseinmaterialwealth,itisusefultodistinguishthreemainaspectsofthisquestion.

Thefirstisthatofknownandavailabletechnology.Themajorityofthemosturgentneedsoftheemergingcountriesintheearlystagesofdevelopmentcomeintothiscategory.Tosetupamotor-busservice，itisnecessarytohavetheforeignexchangetobuythevehiclesandfuel,andthetechnicalschoolstotrainthedriversandrepairpersonnel,butnoresearchordevelopmentatallisneeded.Norisnewresearchanddevelopmentrequiredtosetupanairline,oratelevisionsystemoranelectricitysupply,orasewagesystemandpipedwatersupplyorthemajorityofnormalmanufactureplants.Thoughsuchprojectsdonotinvolveanyappreciableresearchanddevelopment,theydorequirealargesupplyoftechnicallyandscientificallytrainedpersonneltorunthem.

Thesecondmostimportantaspectoftheapplicationofscienceandtechnologytoaless-developedcountryisthatconcernedwithproblemswhicharerelatedtothespecialconditionsofthecountry,andwhichcanonlybesolvedonthespot.Prominentamongthese,ofcourse,areproblemsinagricultureandmedicinewhichhavespecificlocalsignificanceandsocannotbestudiedelsewhere.Thentherearemanyproblemsinmeteorology,geology,geophysicalsurveying,roadbuildingandhousing,whereoriginalresearchanddevelopmentrelatedtolocalconditionsarerequired.Inaddition,manynewtechnologicalproblemsariseinthesettingupoflocalindustries,becauseofthespecialpropertiesofthelocalfuels,rawmaterials,textiles,foodstuffs,etc.Inrelationtotheproblems,theimportanceofafirst-rateinformationserviceisvital.Itmustbemadeaseasyaspossiblefortheresearchanddevelopmentpersonneltobekeptawareofthestateofgeneralworldknowledgeonaparticularsubject,soasnottobeledbyignoranceintoexpensiveresearchestofindoutwhatisalreadywellknown.Theoppositedangeristoassumetooeasilythatsomeprocess,techniqueormethod,whichhaslongbeeninsuccessfuluseinsomeothercountry,canbetransferredwithoutmodificationtoanewsituation.

Thethirdaspectisconcernedwiththegroupofnewtechnologieswhicharenotyetingeneraluse,butarestillunderdevelopmentmainlyinthetechnologicallyadvancedcountries.Irefer,forinstance,tosuchthingsassolarheats,fuelcells,desalinationofwater,andagreatmanyimprovedprocessesandmanufacturedgoods.Thoughaclosewatchmustbekeptonthesedevelopments,Iamconvincedthatthenationaleconomicandtechnologicalplanningofanewcountry’sdevelopment,overthenextdecadeorso,shouldbebasedonwhatisnowknown.

1.ThemainobjectofProfessorBlackett’saddressis（

）.

2.Thegreatestdifficultytheleadersofayoungnationhavetogetoveristhat（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatisthebestwaytoavoidbeingmisledintoexpensiveresearchestofindoutwhatisalreadywellknown?

5.Tosolveproblemsinagriculture,geology,geophysicalsurveyingscientistsandtechnologistsfirstofallshould（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thescientistsandtechnologistsallovertheworld

B.theMinistersoffinanceofyoungcountries

C.thenationalauthoritiesofless-developedcountries

D.personsinchargeofformulatingplansforthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyintheemergingcountries

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareshortoftrainedmanpower

B.scienceandscientistsareexpensiveintheircountry

C.theyhaveverylimitedfinancialresource

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.alltheknownandavailabletechnologiesshouldbeappliedtodevelopingayoungnation

B.thenationaleconomicandtechnologicalplanningofanewcountry’sdevelopmentshouldbebasedonnewtechnologieswhicharestillunderdevelopment

C.theresearchanddevelopmentpersonnelshouldbekeptawareofthestateofgeneralworldknowledgeonallthesubjects

D.someprocess,techniqueormethodwhichhaslongbeeninsuccessfulusenotbetransferredtoanewsituationwithoutmodification

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tokeepclosewatchonthedevelopmentofmostadvancedbranchesofscience.

B.Tohaveafirst-rateinformationservice.

C.Totakeuporiginalresearchesrelatedtolocalconditions.

D.Tomeettheinnumerablefinancialdemandsofresearches.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.carryoutresearchesrelatedtolocalconditions

B.studytheminadvancedcountries

C.considerthehistoricalreasons

D.developasoundsenseoftheeconomicrealities

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。第一步，尋找上下文線索，定位到主旨句，文章第一段第一句話Iintendtodealwiththeproblemsofformulatingpracticalandrealisticplansfortheapplicationofscienceandtechnologybythegovernmentofanewlyemergingcountry.（我打算處理一個(gè)新興國(guó)家的政府為科學(xué)技術(shù)應(yīng)用制定切實(shí)可行的計(jì)劃的問(wèn)題），第三段第二句Themajorityofthemosturgentneedsoftheemergingcountriesintheearlystagesofdevelopmentcomeintothiscategory.（新興國(guó)家在發(fā)展初期最迫切的需要大多屬于這一類），第四段第一句Thesecondmostimportantaspectoftheapplicationofscienceandtechnologytoaless-developedcountryis…（在欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家應(yīng)用科學(xué)技術(shù)的第二個(gè)最重要的方面是……）……，綜上可以推斷，這些可以知道教授演講的主要對(duì)象是欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，答案選C選項(xiàng)“欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的國(guó)家當(dāng)局”；

A選項(xiàng)“全世界的科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員”，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“年輕國(guó)家的財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)”，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“負(fù)責(zé)制定新興國(guó)家國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃的人員”，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句Thefirstthingwhichmuststrike,say,thePrimeMinsterorMinisteroffinanceofsuchayoungnation,isthatscienceandscientistsareexpensiveandthatfinancialdemandsclashwiththeinnumerableotherdemandsonacountry’sverylimitedfinancialresources,andstillmorelimitedforeigncurrency.（對(duì)于這樣一個(gè)年輕的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，首先一定會(huì)讓首相或財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)感到震驚的是，科學(xué)和科學(xué)家是昂貴的，財(cái)政需求與對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家非常有限的財(cái)政資源和更有限的外匯的無(wú)數(shù)其他需求相沖突）從這里可知B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和科學(xué)家在他們國(guó)家是昂貴的”、C選項(xiàng)“他們的財(cái)政資源非常有限”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)鄙儆?xùn)練有素的人力”，定位到最后一段最后一句theyareparticularlyshortoftrainedmanpower.（他們尤其缺乏訓(xùn)練有素的人力），所以A選項(xiàng)正確；

綜上，答案D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段第二句Themajorityofthemosturgentneedsoftheemergingcountriesintheearlystagesofdevelopmentcomeintothiscategory.（新興國(guó)家在發(fā)展初期最迫切的需要大多屬于這一類），第二步綜合理解，由此可知作者覺(jué)得其實(shí)新興國(guó)家更需要新技術(shù)，答案選A選項(xiàng)“所有已知和可用的技術(shù)都應(yīng)該用于發(fā)展一個(gè)年輕的國(guó)家”；

B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)新國(guó)家發(fā)展的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該以正在發(fā)展的新技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)”，定位到最后一段最后一句Thoughaclosewatchmustbekeptonthesedevelopments,Iamconvincedthatthenationaleconomicandtechnologicalplanningofanewcountry’sdevelopment,overthenextdecadeorso,shouldbebasedonwhatisnowknown.（雖然必須密切關(guān)注這些發(fā)展，但我相信，一個(gè)新國(guó)家在今后十年左右的發(fā)展中，其國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該以現(xiàn)有的知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)），從這里可知十年內(nèi)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)計(jì)劃都是以現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)建立好的知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，而不是現(xiàn)在正在開發(fā)的技術(shù)，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“研究和開發(fā)人員應(yīng)該了解世界上所有學(xué)科的一般知識(shí)狀況”，定位到第四段倒數(shù)第二句Itmustbemadeaseasyaspossiblefortheresearchanddevelopmentpersonneltobekeptawareofthestateofgeneralworldknowledgeonaparticularsubject,soasnottobeledbyignoranceintoexpensiveresearchestofindoutwhatisalreadywellknown.（必須使研究和開發(fā)人員盡可能容易地了解某一特定領(lǐng)域的一般世界知識(shí)狀況，以免因無(wú)知而被引導(dǎo)進(jìn)行昂貴的研究，以找出已知的東西），這里可知不是研究開發(fā)人員都必須掌握一般的世界知識(shí)，而是讓研究人員更加容易地掌握一般的世界知識(shí)，這里屬于偷換概念，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“某些長(zhǎng)期成功使用的過(guò)程、技術(shù)或方法，不經(jīng)修改，是不能轉(zhuǎn)移到新的情況下的”，定位到第四段第二句Prominentamongthese,ofcourse,areproblemsinagricultureandmedicinewhichhavespecificlocalsignificanceandsocannotbestudiedelsewhere.（其中突出的問(wèn)題當(dāng)然是農(nóng)業(yè)和醫(yī)藥方面的問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題具有特定的地方意義，因此不能在其他地方進(jìn)行研究），因?yàn)槊總€(gè)地方有每個(gè)地方的特點(diǎn)，所以很多科技是具有特殊性，即使經(jīng)過(guò)修改也不能運(yùn)用在其他地方，所以不選。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Inrelationtotheproblems,theimportanceofafirst-rateinformationserviceisvital.（關(guān)于這些問(wèn)題，一流的信息服務(wù)的重要性是至關(guān)重要的），由此可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“有一流的信息服務(wù)”；

A選項(xiàng)“