外研版（2019）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練習(xí)18：必修3 Unit 6　Disaster and hope(含解析)

課時(shí)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)(十八)必修第三冊(cè)Unit6DisasterandhopeA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空AOneplacethathasleftalasting1.________(impress)onmeistheislandofLesvosinGreece.Iwenttherefor2.________holidaywithsomeofmyfriends.Wefeltthatwedeservedabitofsunandachance3.________(relax)afterhavingstudiedsohard.Strangelyenough,eventhoughIwentthereforawell-earnedrest,I4.________(actual)workedharderthanIhadeverdonebefore.Insteadofspendingmydaysonthebeachsunbathingandswimminginthesea,Iendedup5.________(help)thelocalsdealwiththeendlessarrivalofrefugees(難民),manyof6.________werestrugglingtogettothebeachaftertheirboatshadturnedover.Anyway,thisholidayturnedouttobeoneofthemost7.________(forget)ofmylife,butforallthewrongreasons.Often,whenI'malonethesedays,I8.________(disturb)bythememoriesofthefacesofparentswhocouldn'tfindtheirchildren,andthesoundofpeoplescreaming9.________help.10.________thepeopleofLesvosdidtohelpthesepeople,openingtheirhomestothemandsharingthefewpossessionstheythemselvesowned,wasabsolutelyamazing.IwascompletelytouchedbythegenerosityofthepeopleofLesvos.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己在希臘萊斯沃斯島度假期間和當(dāng)?shù)厝艘黄饚椭y民的經(jīng)歷。1.impression考查名詞。設(shè)空處作left的賓語，需用名詞，由空前不定冠詞可知，此處使用名詞單數(shù)形式。故填impression。2.a考查固定搭配。go...foraholiday為固定搭配，表示“去……度假”。故填a。3.torelax考查固定搭配。achancetodosth.意為“做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”。故填torelax。4.actually考查副詞。設(shè)空處作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞worked。故填actually。5.helping考查固定用法。endupdoingsth.為固定表達(dá)，意為“最終做某事”。故填helping。6.whom考查定語從句?！癿anyof＋設(shè)空處”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞refugees，指人，先行詞refugees在從句中作of的賓語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)。故填whom。7.unforgettable考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，所給詞forget為動(dòng)詞，意為“忘記”，其形容詞形式為forgettable(易被忘記的)，unforgettable(難忘的)。根據(jù)語境可知，設(shè)空處需填形容詞unforgettable。故填unforgettable。8.amdisturbed考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由“Often,whenI'malonethesedays”可知，此處需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又因I與disturb之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填amdisturbed。9.for考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為介詞。screamforhelp表示“大聲喊救命”。故填for。10.What考查連接詞。分析句子可知，“10.________thepeopleofLesvosdidtohelpthesepeople”為主語從句，設(shè)空處作主語從句中的賓語，表物，應(yīng)使用what引導(dǎo)。故填What。B(2021·廣東六校聯(lián)考)Floatingmountainsintheoceanarebetterknownasicebergs(冰山).Icebergsare1.________(mass)offreshwatericethathavebrokenfromaglacier(冰川)orpolaricesheet.MosticebergsareformedaroundAntarcticaandGreenland.Icebergs2.________(see)todaybeganthousandsandthousandsofyearsago.Theybeganasflakesofsnowfallingonland.Overtheyears,moreandmoresnowfell.Thesnowon3.________bottomwascrushed(壓碎)becausesnowontopwaspackingitdown.Yearsof4.________(melt)andfreezingformedlayersoficethousandsoffeetthick.Thesesheetsoficearecalledglaciers.Duringthewarmerweatherinspring5.________summer,piecesoficebreakofffromglaciers.Thebrokenpiecesoficefallintothewaterandbecomeicebergs.Icebergsvary6.________size.ThelargesticebergeverrecordedwasthesizeofthestateofRhodeIslandintheUnitedStates.The7.________(tall)icebergstood550feetabovetheocean.That'saboutthesizeoftheWashingtonMonumentinWashington,Icebergscanbevery8.________(danger)toshipstravellingnearthembecauseonlyone-eighthofaniceberg9.________(be)abovewater.Thismeansthattherock-hardiceismuchlargerunderneath.Captainstaking10.________(they)shipsaroundanicebergmaymiscalculatethesizeoftheiceberg.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了冰山的一些特點(diǎn)以及注意事項(xiàng)。1.masses考查固定搭配。massesof為固定搭配，意為“許多的，大量的”，故填masses。2.seen考查過去分詞作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處在句中作定語，因?yàn)镮cebergs和動(dòng)詞see之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞作后置定語，故填seen。3.the考查冠詞。此處是特指底部的雪，要用定冠詞，故填the。4.melting考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，of為介詞，后面要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，故填melting。5.and考查連詞。句中的spring和summer二者是并列的，故填and。6.in考查固定用法。insize為固定搭配，意為“在大小上，尺寸上”。故填in。7.tallest考查最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指最高級(jí)，故填tallest。8.dangerous考查形容詞作表語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是形容詞作表語，故填dangerous。9.is考查謂語動(dòng)詞。主語是one-eighthofaniceberg是單數(shù)。根據(jù)上下文可知使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is。10.their考查代詞。修飾名詞ships，要用形容詞性物主代詞，他們的船只，故填their。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1.他一沖出屋子就被一輛車撞倒了。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)Rushingoutofthehouse,hewasknockeddownbyacar.2.時(shí)間過得真快！一個(gè)星期以后你就要回到自己的國家了。(it＋be＋時(shí)間段＋before)Howtimeflies！Itwillbeaweekbeforeyougobacktoyourowncountry.3.沿路有一些高樹。(完全倒裝)Alongtheroadaresometalltrees．4.她突然想到她應(yīng)該收養(yǎng)這個(gè)無家可歸的孩子。(occur)Itoccurredtoherthatsheshouldadoptthehomelesschild.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解Thesixthmassextinctionisnotaworryforthefuture.It'shappeningnow,muchfasterthanpreviouslyexpected,andit'sentirelyourfault,accordingtoastudypublishedMonday.Humanshavealreadywipedouthundredsofspeciesandpushedmanymoretothebrinkofextinctionthroughwildlifetrade,pollution,habitatlossandtheuseoftoxicsubstances.ThefindingspublishedinthescientificjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(PNAS)showthattherateatwhichspeciesaredyingouthasacceleratedinrecentdecades.GerardoCeballosGonzález,aprofessorofecologyattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMexicoandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy,saidapproximately173specieswentextinctbetween2001and2014.“173speciesis25timesmoreextinctspeciesthanyouwouldexpectunderthenormalextinctionrate，”hetoldCNNinanemail.Heandhisteamfoundthatinthepast100years,morethan400vertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物的)specieswentextinct.Inthenormalcourseofevolution,suchextinctionswouldhavetakenupto10，000years,theysaid.Massextinctionsarejustassevereastheirnamesuggests.TherehavebeenfivemassextinctioneventsintheEarth'shistory,eachwipingoutbetween70%and95%ofthespeciesofplants,animalsandmicroorganisms.Themostrecent,66millionyearsago,sawdinosaursdisappear.Thepasteventswerecausedbycatastrophicchangesoftheenvironment,includingmassivevolcaniceruptionsorcollisionwithanasteroid.Thesixthmassextinctiontheonehappeningnow—isdifferent:scientistssayit'scausedbyhumans.Theresearchersalsosaidthecurrentworldhealthemergencyshowspeople'srecklessness(魯莽)towardsnaturecanseriouslyhurtthemselves.Manyendangeredspeciesaredyinginlargenumbersduetothetradeinwildanimalsandplants.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic”inParagraph2mean?A.Poisonous.B.Useful.C.Alternative.D.Environmentallyfriendly.2.Howdoesthewriterconvincereadersoftheseriousnessofthemassextinctions?A.Bylistingreliablestatistics.B.Byimaginingapictureoftheextinctions.C.BymentioningsomenewsfromCNN.D.Byexplainingthehistoryoftheextinctions.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Totellthedifferencebetweenthefifthandsixthextinction.B.Toexplainthecauseofthecoronaviruscrisis.C.Towarnhumanstogetridoftheirwrongactions.D.Toshowthewriter'sconcernabouttheendangeredspecies.4.Whatdoesthisarticlemainlytalkabout?A.Thechangesoftheenvironmentdoharmtowildlife.B.Thesixthmassextinctionismuchfasterthanexpected.C.Massextinctionsarejustassevereastheirnamesuggests.D.Thecurrentcoronavirushasarisenfromtheillegaltrade.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了第六次大滅絕正在到來，且比我們想象的來得快。同時(shí)文章分析了產(chǎn)生第六次大滅絕的原因，即人類的行為。1.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話可知，人類已經(jīng)使數(shù)百種物種滅絕，并將更多物種推向滅絕的邊緣的方式是通過野生動(dòng)物貿(mào)易、污染、毀掉棲息地和toxicsubstances的使用。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“有毒物質(zhì)”的使用。故選A。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，作者通過列出可靠的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，使讀者相信大規(guī)模滅絕的嚴(yán)重性。故選A。3.C寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的第六次大滅絕和人類的錯(cuò)誤行為有關(guān)。人類的活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致許多瀕危物種正在大量死亡。最終人類也會(huì)傷害到自己。綜合分析，最后一段的目的是警告人類去除他們的錯(cuò)誤行為。故選C。4.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thesixthmassextinctionisnotaworryforthefuture.It'shappeningnow，muchfasterthanpreviouslyexpected,andit'sentirelyourfault”可知，第六次大滅絕正在到來，而且比我們預(yù)期的還要快。再根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，第六次大滅絕是由人類造成的，并且最終會(huì)危害到人類。綜合分析，本篇文章講述的是由于人類行為導(dǎo)致的第六次大滅絕的到來，且比我們預(yù)期來得快。故選B。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五TherearenowsixfiresburningatemergencylevelsinAustralia.1Thesmokeissointenseandsothickthatitcanbeseenfromspace.2，000homeshavebeendestroyed.Sixmillionhectaresoflandcharred,leadingtodeathofthenation'swildlife.2Theyarelightningstrikes,windsandpeoplewhosetfiredeliberately.Butoneofthebiggestreasonsthey'vebecomesoextremeisthesamereasonasEastAfrica'sflood.BushfiresinAustraliaareanaturalpartofthecountry'secosystem.3EvenNewSouthWales,withthelargestpopulation,isusedtobreakingout.In1974,firesburned3.5millionhectares,andin2003,another2millionhectareswerelosttofire.Butthefiresthatstartedin2019areevenworse:4.9millionhectaresinNewSouthWaleshaveburnedalready—andit'sonlygoingtogrow.4Forstarters,astheworldisgettingwarmerfromclimatechange,soisAustralia.2019wasitshottestyearonrecord,withpartsofthecountryreaching45degreesCelsiusinDecember.2019wasalsoitsdriest—theplaceshereingrayhaveseenhistoricdroughts.5Throughouttheyear,otherlarge-scaleclimatedriversaffectAustralia'sweather,anditslikelinesstoburn.OneofthemostinfluentialistheIndianOceanDipole(偶極子),ortheIOD.TheIODisabigtemperaturegradientthataffectsthesurfacewaterintheIndianOcean,fromtheedgeofAfricatotheedgeofAustraliaA.Thisisjustheartbreaking.B.Sowhyisthisfireseasonsoawful?C.Their“fireseason”variesacrossregions.D.Thefireseasonisawfulbecauseoftheunknownreason.E.Theecosystemofthecountryneedstobeimproved.F.Theserecord-breakingbushfiresinAustraliahavebeenstartedbythefollowing.G.Together,thatprovidestheperfectconditionsforbushfirestostartandspreadquickly.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。目前澳大利亞有6處火災(zāi)處于緊急狀態(tài)。2000座房屋被毀。600萬公頃土地被燒焦，導(dǎo)致該國野生動(dòng)物大量死亡。文章分析了造成澳大利亞這些破紀(jì)錄的森林大火的原因，以及此次火災(zāi)尤其嚴(yán)重的原因。1.A根據(jù)上文“TherearenowsixfiresburningatemergencylevelsinAustralia.”可知，目前澳大利亞有6處火災(zāi)處于緊急狀態(tài)。以及后文“Thesmokeissointenseandsothickthatitcanbeseenfromspace.2，000homeshavebeendestroyed.Sixmillionhectaresoflandcharred,leadingtodeathofthenation'swildlife.”可知，本句應(yīng)當(dāng)是對(duì)這次火災(zāi)的評(píng)價(jià)，這次澳大利亞火災(zāi)損失嚴(yán)重，令人心碎。故A選項(xiàng)符合上下文語境，故選A。2.F根據(jù)后文可知，本段在分析造成此次澳大利亞大火的原因。故F選項(xiàng)符合上下文語境，故選F。3.C根據(jù)前文“BushfiresinAustraliaareanaturalpartofthecountry'secosystem.”以及后文“EvenNewSouthWales,withthelargestpopulation,isusedtobreakingout.”可知，本句是在說明澳大利亞的火災(zāi)頻發(fā)季節(jié)是因地區(qū)而不同的。故C選項(xiàng)符合上下文語境，故選C。4.B后文內(nèi)容是在分析此次澳大利亞火災(zāi)這么嚴(yán)重的原因。故B選項(xiàng)符合上下文語境，故選B。5.G本句承接上文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，正是上述的這些條件促使了森林大火的爆發(fā)和迅速蔓延。故G選項(xiàng)符合上下文語境，故選G。Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作假設(shè)你是李津，你的美國朋友Chris就讀于天津某國際學(xué)校。他熟悉中國文化，特別是戲曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大劇院將上演越劇《梁山伯與祝英臺(tái)》。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示，用英語給Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他一起觀看演出。1.提出邀請(qǐng)并簡述原因；2.提出觀劇后活動(dòng)建議(如參觀附近的博物館或美術(shù)館等)；3.請(qǐng)求對(duì)方回復(fù)。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：越劇ShaoxingOpera；《梁山伯與祝英臺(tái)》ButterflyLovers；天津大劇院TianjinGrandTheatreDearChris，Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiJin【參考范文】DearChris，Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.AShaoxingOperanamedButterflyLoverswillbeonshowinTianjinGrandTheatre,whichwasjustcompleted,at2：00pmonAugust5th.ItisbecauseIknowyoulikethecultureofChina,especiallydrama,thatIwouldliketoinviteyoutoadmireit.Asweallknow,ButterflyLoversisatraditionaldrama,tellingabouttwoyoungpeople'smovinglovestory.Afterwatchingit,shallwevisitsomeplacesnearby,suchastheartmuseum,inwhichlotsofrichartwillappealtoyouenormously?Iwouldbeverygladifyoucome.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiJinⅣ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。RescueinaBottleCurtisWhitsonhadrafted(乘筏)downtheArroyoSeco,ariverincentralCalifornia,severaltimesbefore.Thisyear,CurtisWhitsonknewthewater-fallwascoming.Hefiguredhewouldgetoutofhisraftintotheshallowwater,getdowntherocksalongropesoneithersideofthefalls,andcontinueonhisway,ashehadonaprevioustrip.Butthisyearwasdifferent.Heavysnowandspringrainshadturnedtheusuallymanageablefallsintosomethingfierce.Andthisyear,insteadofhisfriends,Whitson'scompanionswerehisgirlfriend,KrystalRamirez,andhis13-year-oldson,Hunter.Asthethreeofthemapproachedthefallslateintheafternoonofthethirddayoftheircampingtrip,Whitsoncouldtellfromtheincreasingroarofwaterinthenarrowingcanyon(峽谷)thattheywereinserioustrouble.Therewasnowaythey'dbeabletogetdowntherocksasplanned.“Thewaterwasjustroaringthroughtherewithtremendousforce，”recallsWhitson,45.Theyhadnosmartphoneservice,andtheyhadn'tseenasinglepersoninthepastthreedays.AndWhitsonknewthatthey'dbesharingthegroundtherewithrattlesnakesandmountainlions.Ashewasthinkingwhattodo,Whitsonhitonabitofluck—heheardvoicescomingfromtheothersideofthefalls.Heyelled,butthesoundoftherushingwaterdrownedhimout.“Wehavetogetthesepeopleamessage，”Whitsonthought.Hegrabbedastickandpulledouthispocketknifetocarve“Help”init.Thenhetiedaropetoitsothepeoplewouldknowitwasn'tjustanystick.Hetriedthrowingitoverthefalls,butitfloatedawayinthewrongdirection.“We'vegottodosomething！”Whitsonyelledtohisson.“Havewegotanythingelse？”Thenhespottedhiswaterbottle.Whitsongrabbeditandcarved“Help！”onit.Ramirezalsoremindedhimthathehadapenandpaperinhisbackpack.Whitsonknewitwasaslimhope.Buthewrote“6－1519：00Wearestuckhere@thewaterfall.Gethelpplease”andpushedthenoteintothebottle.Thistime,histhrowoverthewaterfallwasperfect.“Allright,that'sallwecando，”WhitsontoldHunter.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Ittook30minutestogetbackupstreamtothebeachwherethey'dhadlunch.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________