考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Singapore-basedcompanyPolychemyisusing3Dprinterstomakepersonalizedjewelry—thinknameplatenecklaces（）inadozenlanguages,orsportsteamlogopendants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.precious

B.preferred

C.available

D.customizable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)precious表示“寶貴的，珍貴的”，B選項(xiàng)preferred表示“優(yōu)先的，首選的”，C選項(xiàng)available表示“可獲得的，有空的，可利用的”，D選項(xiàng)customizable表示“可定制的”。由后文關(guān)鍵信息“inadozenlanguages”可知，這些銘牌是可以用十幾種語(yǔ)言表述出來(lái)的，因此，制作多種語(yǔ)言的銘牌是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的，能做到的。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Theauthorofthebookhasshownhisremarkablykeen（）intohumannature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intellect

B.insight

C.perception

D.understanding

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intellect“智力，理解力”；B選項(xiàng)insight“洞察力，洞悉”；C選項(xiàng)perception“知覺，感覺”；D選項(xiàng)understanding“理解”。句意：這本書的作者對(duì)人性有非常敏銳的洞察力。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess（）whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.incaseof

C.infavorof

D.inviewof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。intermsof依據(jù)，在…方面；incaseof以免；infavorof有利于，支持；inviewof鑒于，考慮到。句意：從談判的過(guò)程中，你期待能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情的方面，了解潛在合作伙伴的談判條件的靈活性為談判過(guò)程提供了重要的視角。空格后的內(nèi)容是談判的一方面，故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Somesociologistsareworriedaboutthe（）throughoutthewholesociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fraudulent

B.generous

C.dynamic

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。fraudulent“欺詐的”；generous“慷慨的”；dynamic“動(dòng)態(tài)的”;compulsive“極有趣的”。句意：一些社會(huì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心整個(gè)社會(huì)的欺詐問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:該國(guó)進(jìn)行核實(shí)驗(yàn)，也不（

）

實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。

optimistic樂觀的;anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)憂的;uncertain無(wú)常的，不確定的，含糊的;scared恐懼的，害怕的。Apprehensive憂慮的，不安的。故選B。

6.單選題

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)bluntly“坦率地，率直地”；B選項(xiàng)convincingly“使人信服地，有說(shuō)服力地”；C選項(xiàng)emphatically“堅(jiān)決地，斷然地”；D選項(xiàng)determinedly“決然地，斷然地”。句意：他講得如此有說(shuō)服力，以至于他的對(duì)手都被他的辯論所折服。結(jié)合此處句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老師責(zé)備他的學(xué)生在教室里搞惡作劇。pranks指“惡作劇”。tricks詭計(jì)，騙局；nudes肉色針織物；cribs嬰兒床，柵欄；quips妙語(yǔ)，諷刺語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trite“陳腐的，平庸的，老一套的”；B選項(xiàng)haggard“憔悴的，野性的，（鷹）未馴服的”；C選項(xiàng)poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費(fèi)或稅金，磅重總數(shù)”；D選項(xiàng)sighted“有視力的，不盲的”。句意：是的，這是一個(gè)陳詞濫調(diào)，但政治是可能的藝術(shù)。Hackneyed“陳腐的，平庸的”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thisisoneofthefewjobsyoucandointhisplaceand___beingcompletelydrunk.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributeto

B.getawaywith

C.makefor

D.tryon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“contributeto”，意為“有助于，促成，捐獻(xiàn)”，B選項(xiàng)“getawaywith”，意為“僥幸成功，僥幸逃脫”，C選項(xiàng)“makefor”，意為“有助于，促進(jìn)，導(dǎo)致”，D選項(xiàng)“tryon”，意為“試用，試穿”，句意：這是你在這里能做的為數(shù)不多的工作之一，而且還能避免喝醉。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.由題干中的單詞factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.這種強(qiáng)調(diào)有兩個(gè)主要原因。首先，人們很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多主要致幻劑的分子結(jié)構(gòu)與血清素相似。此外，對(duì)服用迷幻藥后的腦神經(jīng)化學(xué)的動(dòng)物研究總是報(bào)告血清素水平的變化。確定B選項(xiàng)‘5-羥色胺和致幻劑化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的相似性‘正確。

2.文章第二段中Unfortunately和challenged為關(guān)鍵詞，具有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味。第二段中thishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue這一假設(shè)必須在周圍組織上進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,由此可知答案為C選項(xiàng)’研究結(jié)果為反駁這一假設(shè)提供了證據(jù)‘正確。

3.該題為主旨概括題。文章第一句開篇點(diǎn)題，講的是科學(xué)家對(duì)迷幻藥的研究，并將研究目標(biāo)集中于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)血清素，并得出了迷幻藥對(duì)目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元的影響作用。所以C選項(xiàng)‘研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)烈表明，致幻藥物通過(guò)作用于位于大腦目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元上的血清素受體來(lái)產(chǎn)生效果?！_。

4.由上題可知，文章主要是描述迷幻藥對(duì)人的神經(jīng)元的影響作用。并且回答了是怎么對(duì)人的神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生影響的。選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)‘研究人員如何控制LSD對(duì)行為的影響?’文章沒有提及。文章是對(duì)動(dòng)物的實(shí)驗(yàn)，但并沒有對(duì)比人與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別，所以選項(xiàng)B‘動(dòng)物對(duì)LSD的反應(yīng)與人類有何不同?’排除。選項(xiàng)D‘什么技術(shù)進(jìn)步能讓研究人員更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)LSD對(duì)行為的影響?’文章沒有提到。所以排除法，選C。

5.該詞出現(xiàn)在最后一段，Thatis后是對(duì)該詞的解釋。thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.這與大腦血清素缺乏的動(dòng)物吸收血清素的行為相同，表明LSD直接作用于血清素受體，而不是通過(guò)釋放血清素來(lái)間接作用。所以確定A選項(xiàng)‘這一系列的行為，通常與給藥血清素有關(guān)，當(dāng)給大腦中血清素不足的動(dòng)物注射LSD時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生‘正確。

6.最后兩段，作者提出相反的假設(shè)，以證據(jù)證明假設(shè)。所以D選項(xiàng)‘總結(jié)假設(shè)背后的推理，提出支持假設(shè)的證據(jù)，描述反駁支持證據(jù)的研究。‘正確。

7.題干提問(wèn)作者的態(tài)度。A選項(xiàng)‘完全同意’；B選項(xiàng)‘不支持‘；C選項(xiàng)‘不予考慮的’；D選項(xiàng)‘無(wú)關(guān)緊要的‘。文中第二段作者對(duì)早期的以Unfortunately和challenged語(yǔ)氣進(jìn)行了否定，接著在下文中論述，從而得出真正的結(jié)果。所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)unbiased“公正的，無(wú)偏見的”；B選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”；C選項(xiàng)distorted“扭曲的”；D選項(xiàng)conveyed“傳達(dá)”。

句意：當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備你的演講時(shí)，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息來(lái)源和例子。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“雖然，盡管”的意思。選項(xiàng)C的結(jié)構(gòu)一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引導(dǎo)句子，不過(guò)although只能置于句首。這里空格后面是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)educationaldifferences跟一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。所以只能填入選項(xiàng)D介詞短語(yǔ)，后面接名詞。句意為：女性的收入遠(yuǎn)在男性之下，盡管兩性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

13.單選題

Theuniversity（）fiveschoolsandtwenty-fivedepartments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beconsistedof

B.consistsof

C.beconsistedby

D.beconsistedin

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。動(dòng)詞consist表示“由......組成”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，無(wú)被動(dòng)式。詞組consistof表示“（整體）由......（部分）組成”。句意：這所大學(xué)由4個(gè)學(xué)院和25個(gè)部門組成。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

TheyoungladyisMr.Smith’step-daughter,her（）parentshavingdiedinanaccident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ecological

B.psychological

C.physiological

D.biological

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ecological“生態(tài)的、生態(tài)學(xué)的”；B選項(xiàng)psychological“心理的”；C選項(xiàng)physiological“生理學(xué)的”；D選項(xiàng)biological“生物學(xué)的”，句意為：這位年輕的女士是史密斯先生的繼女，她的親生父母在一次事故中喪生。親生父母表達(dá)為biologicalparents，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。由前后得知空白處需要填一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞。作名詞時(shí)，raise“提高，升”，表示某事物升了級(jí)別；rise“上升，增加”通常指數(shù)量增加或水平提高，為不可數(shù)名詞；arise沒有名詞用法；increase“增加，增加額”，指大小和強(qiáng)度增加。句意：新的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，因?yàn)榧彝ブ袙赍X女性人數(shù)的增加，去年全職爸爸的數(shù)量達(dá)到了歷史新高。因此只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Itisimportantthattheyknow______togetfromtheapplicants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinformationneeded

B.whatisneeded

C.whatinformationtheyneed

D.theinformation

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句。這里把whatinformation提前來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句擔(dān)當(dāng)主句的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句的正常語(yǔ)序是theyneedtogetwhatinformationfromtheapplicants；這句話的句意是：他們知道什么信息是他們需要從申請(qǐng)人那里得到的，這很重要。A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合語(yǔ)法，因此選C。

17.單選題

Televisionadvertisinghasbeenunderconstantscrutinyforthelastfewyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.counterattack

B.pressure

C.revision

D.examination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。scrutiny表示“詳細(xì)審查”；A項(xiàng)counterattack“反擊，反攻”，B項(xiàng)pressure“壓力”，C項(xiàng)revision“修訂，修正”，D項(xiàng)examination“檢查，查問(wèn)”。句意：在過(guò)去數(shù)年里，電視廣告一直不斷受到詳細(xì)審查。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章開頭介紹了“復(fù)興”一詞的來(lái)源及興起。第二段寫文藝復(fù)興影響人們音樂思考和音樂創(chuàng)作的方式。第三段寫這一時(shí)期的音樂風(fēng)格多變，很難定義為單一的音樂類型。C項(xiàng)對(duì)文意的概括比較全面，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（對(duì)于這些學(xué)者而言，文藝復(fù)興意味著對(duì)人類價(jià)值而非精神方面的回歸）。C項(xiàng)“重視人類價(jià)值觀的主張”符合原文意思。

3.B項(xiàng)“僅僅描述人生經(jīng)歷中快樂的部分”不是藝術(shù)家和作家的目的，故選B。

4.“disseminated”出現(xiàn)在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（這些觀點(diǎn)的改變深深地影響了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的音樂文化——人們思考音樂的方式以及音樂的創(chuàng)作、體驗(yàn)、爭(zhēng)議和）。所以，C項(xiàng)spread“傳播”正確。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世紀(jì)半葉，音樂變化如此之快，盡管在不同的國(guó)家以不同的速度變化，但我們無(wú)法定義一種文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D項(xiàng)“音樂無(wú)法長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的保持一種形式”正確。

19.單選題

Theconceptof“environment”iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstood;butwehavenohandysubstitute.Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanyways,becausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinteractingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa.Inthecaseofman,thedifficultieswiththeenvironmentalconceptareevenmorecomplicatedbecausewehavetodealwithmanasananimalandwithmanasabearerofculture.Ifwelookatmanasananimalandtrytoanalyzetheenvironmentalforcesthatareactingontheorganism,wefindthatwehavetodealwiththingslikeclimate,soil,plants,andsuch-likefactorscommontoallbiologicalsituations;butwealsofind,always,veryimportantenvironmentalinfluencesthatwecanonlyclassas“cultural”,whichmodifythephysicalandbiologicalfactors.Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography.Wethuseasilygetintogreatdifficultiesfromthenecessityofviewingculture,atonemoment,asapartofthemanand,atanothermoment,asapartoftheenvironment.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethepopularunderstandingof“environment”astheauthorseesit?

2.Accordingtotheauthortheconceptof“environment”isdifficulttoexplainbecause（

）.

3.Inanalyzingtheenvironmentalforcesactingonmantheauthorsuggeststhat

（

）.

4.Asforculture,theauthorpointsoutthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Elaborate.

B.Prejudiced

C.Faultless.

D.Oversimplified.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesn’tdistinguishbetweentheorganismandtheenvironment

B.itinvolvesbothinternalandexternalforces

C.theorganismandtheenvironmentinfluenceeachother

D.therelationshipbetweentheorganismandenvironmentisunclear

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.biologicalfactorsarelessimportanttotheorganismthanculturalfactorstoman

B.manandotheranimalsaremodifiedequallybytheenvironmentalforces

C.manismodifiedbytheculturalenvironmentaswellasbythenaturalenvironment

D.physicalandbiologicalfactorsexertmoreinfluenceonotherorganismthanonman

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itdevelopssidebysidewithenvironmentalfactors

B.itisalsoaffectedbyenvironment

C.itisgenerallyacceptedtobepartoftheenvironment

D.itisaproductofman’sbiologicalinstincts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theinterpretationoftheterm“environment”

B.thediscussionoftheorganismandbiologicalenvironment

C.thecomparisonbetweeninternalandexternalfactorsinfluencingman

D.theevaluationofman’sinfluenceonculture

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最能描述作者對(duì)‘環(huán)境’這個(gè)詞的描述？”文章第二句話提到“區(qū)分有機(jī)體和周圍環(huán)境，以及將作用于有機(jī)體的力分為內(nèi)部的、生物的、外部的和環(huán)境的看起來(lái)很容易”（Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental），所以可以看出來(lái)作者認(rèn)為把對(duì)環(huán)境的描述過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為‘環(huán)境’這個(gè)概念很難被解釋是因?yàn)槭裁?？”文章第三句提到“但是在?shí)際中，這個(gè)體系在很多方面上都不成立，因?yàn)橛袡C(jī)體和環(huán)境不斷在相互作用，因此環(huán)境被有機(jī)體改變，反過(guò)來(lái)也如此”（Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanyways,becausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinteractingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa），選項(xiàng)C“有機(jī)體與環(huán)境相互影響”符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是“關(guān)于環(huán)境因素作用在人類身上的分析，作者有什么建議？”文章倒數(shù)第二句話提到“但是人類一直是文化的擁有者；如果研究人類文化，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，反過(guò)來(lái)，它被氣候和地理位置等環(huán)境因素改變著”（Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography），因此，選項(xiàng)C“人類被文化環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境改變”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“關(guān)于文化，作者指出了什么？”文章倒數(shù)第二句話提到“但是人類一直是文化的擁有者；如果研究人類文化，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，反過(guò)來(lái)，它被氣候和地理位置等環(huán)境因素改變著”（Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography），由此可知，文化也是受環(huán)境因素影響的，因此選項(xiàng)B“它也受環(huán)境的影響”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者主要闡述了什么問(wèn)題？”文章第一句話提到“雖然‘環(huán)境’這個(gè)概念很難理解，甚至可能被誤解，但是我們沒有別的替代物”（Theconceptof“environment”iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstood;butwehavenohandysubstitute），之后都是圍繞這個(gè)話題展開，由此可知文章主要闡述的就是對(duì)“環(huán)境”這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的解釋。選項(xiàng)A“對(duì)“環(huán)境”的解釋”符合題意。

20.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

Aftersomeseriousaircrashes,thousandsofpeopleinthiscountrysworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,thenumberofdeathsonU.S.highwaysinatypicalyearismorethandoublethenumberofpeoplewhohavediedinallcommercialairplaneaccidentsinthepast40years.Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.Itisafact,forexample,thatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes,snowstorms),evenwhenthelatteraremoredangerous.Equallyillogical,peoplearealsomoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Finally—althoughIhavenoproof—peoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.Mostchildrenaren’tdyingyoung.Mostadultsaren’tdyinginmiddleage.

LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.Butnowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildreninWashingtonarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration________.

3.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast________.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat________.

5.Thetoneoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.livedinalessdangerousworld

C.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

D.waslessfussyaboutdangers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasonstofearthedangerstoday

C.flyingismoredangerousaftersomeseriousaircrashes

D.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.complaining

B.depressing

C.factual

D.ironic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ChildreninWashington”定位到原文第一段第三句ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（這周居住在華盛頓地區(qū)的孩子一整天都不準(zhǔn)去學(xué)校，因?yàn)榈缆繁淮档沟牡臉溥€有電線桿封住了，而且一些十字路口的交通信號(hào)燈壞了），從這里可以看出孩子不準(zhǔn)去學(xué)校的原因是因?yàn)榇档沟臉浜碗娋€桿以及壞掉的燈，這里選擇的是不屬于停學(xué)的原因，所以A選項(xiàng)“倒在路邊的大樹”，B“倒在路邊的電線桿”，D“壞掉的交通信號(hào)燈”排除；而且第一段第二句話LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.（上周華盛頓整個(gè)地鐵系統(tǒng)都不得不被關(guān)閉，因?yàn)槟承┤嗽谂_(tái)風(fēng)來(lái)襲時(shí)可能會(huì)被吹到軌道里），從這里可以看出臺(tái)風(fēng)在上周就來(lái)了，不可能到了這周還是一個(gè)將要來(lái)（coming）的狀態(tài)，所以答案是C選項(xiàng)“即將到來(lái)的龍卷風(fēng)”。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“previousgeneration”定位到文章第一段最后一句話Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（前面一代人可能會(huì)走過(guò)大樹倒地的街道，然后在穿過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候看看兩邊會(huì)不會(huì)有車，但是這一代年輕人顯然生活在一個(gè)更危險(xiǎn)的世界，我們需要提供保護(hù)）以及最后一段第一句話Lifeisfarsaferandla