考研考博-英語-上海歐華職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海歐華職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Nations,likeindividualsorsportsteams,willnotfollowleaderstheydon'trespect,whosegoalsareunclear,whosephilosophyisnotin_______withacceptedhumanvalues.

問題1選項

A.synonym

B.syne

C.synod

D.sync

【答案】D

【解析】synonym同義字;syne自從;synod大會,宗教會議;sync同時;同步。句意：國家,就像個人或運動隊一樣,不會追隨他們不受他們尊重,目標(biāo)不明確,人生觀也與公認(rèn)的人類價值觀不一致的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Theteamhasbeenworkingovertimeontheresearchproject（

）.

問題1選項

A.lately

B.justnow

C.late

D.longago

【答案】A

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。lately“近來，不久前”；justnow“剛剛”；late“晚，遲；在晚期”；longago“很久以前”。句意：這個團隊近來一直在為這個項目加班。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

問題1選項

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為態(tài)度是對事物或事件的一種傾向，它決定了人們對不同刺激的反應(yīng)方式。predisposition意為“傾向”。priorinclinations傾向，愛好；prescriptions醫(yī)藥處方；precautions預(yù)防措施，預(yù)警；principalcommitments主要承諾。選項A與之意思相近。

4.單選題

Becauseheis（

）,wecannotpredictwhatcoursehewillfollowatanymoment.

問題1選項

A.incoherent

B.capricious

C.sedate

D.deleterious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項incoherent“語無倫次的；不連貫的；不合邏輯的”；B選項capricious“反復(fù)無常的；任性的”；C選項sedate“安靜的；沉著的”；D選項deleterious“有毒的；有害的”。句意：因為他······，所以我們無法預(yù)測他將在任何時候采取什么行動?！盁o法預(yù)測”與B選項“反復(fù)無常”相符合。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

DuringtheMiddleAges,virulentdiseaseslikeBubonicPlaguewererampant.

問題1選項

A.lethal

B.communicable

C.contagious

D.defective

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.lethal致命的B.communicable會傳染的

C.contagious可接觸傳染的D.defective有缺陷的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】原句前后語義為“在中世紀(jì)，像黑死病這樣的____疾病十分猖獗?！庇纱丝芍撔稳菰~修飾的是“疾?。ê谒啦。?，原詞virulent“致命的”，因此A選項lethal“致命的”最符合原句語義。

【干擾項排除】

B選項communicable“會傳染的”，語義與原句不一致；

C選項contagious“可接觸傳染的”，語義與原句不一致；

D選項defective“有缺陷的”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】在中世紀(jì)，像黑死病這樣的致命疾病十分猖獗。

6.單選題

Individualsandbusinesseshavelegalprotectionforintellectualpropertytheycreateandown.Intellectualproperty（1）fromcreativethinkingandmayincludeproducts,（2）,processes,andideas.Intellectualpropertyisprotected（3）misappropriation(盜用).Misappropriationistakingtheintellectualpropertyofotherswithout（4）compensationandusingitformonetarygain.

Legalprotectionisprovidedforthe（5）ofintellectualproperty.Thethreecommontypesoflegalprotectionarepatents,copyrights,andtrademarks.

Patentsprovideexclusiveuseofinventions.IftheU.S.PatentOffice（6）apatent,itisconfirmingthattheintellectualpropertyis（7）.Thepatentpreventsothersfrommaking,using,orsellingtheinventionwithouttheowner’s（8）foraperiodof20years.

Copyrightaresimilartopatents（9）thattheyareappliedtoartisticworks.Acopyrightprotectsthecreatorofan（10）artisticorintellectualwork,suchasasongoranovel.Acopyrightgivestheownerexclusiverightstocopy,（11）,display,orperformthework.Thecopyrightpreventsothersfromusingandsellingthework.The（12）ofacopyrightistypicallythelifetimeoftheauthor（13）anadditional70years.

Trademarksarewords,names,orsymbolsthatidentifythemanufacturerofaproductand（14）itfromsimilargoodsofothers.Aservicemarkissimilartoatrademark（15）isusedtoidentifyservice.Atrademarkpreventsothersfromusingthe（16）orasimilarword,name,orsymboltotakeadvantageoftherecognitionand（17）ofthebrandortocreateconfusioninthemarketplace.（18）registration,atrademarkisusuallygrantedforaperiodoftenyears.Itcanbe（19）foradditionalten-yearperiodsindefinitelyas（20）asthemark’susecontinues.

問題1選項

A.retrieves

B.deviates

C.results

D.departs

問題2選項

A.services

B.reserves

C.assumptions

D.motions

問題3選項

A.for

B.with

C.by

D.from

問題4選項

A.sound

B.partial

C.due

D.random

問題5選項

A.users

B.owners

C.masters

D.executives

問題6選項

A.affords

B.affiliates

C.funds

D.grants

問題7選項

A.solemn

B.sober

C.unique

D.universal

問題8選項

A.perspective

B.permission

C.conformity

D.consensus

問題9選項

A.except

B.besides

C.beyond

D.despite

問題10選項

A.absolute

B.alternative

C.original

D.orthodox

問題11選項

A.presume

B.stimulate

C.nominate

D.distribute

問題12選項

A.range

B.length

C.scale

D.extent

問題13選項

A.plus

B.versus

C.via

D.until

問題14選項

A.distract

B.differ

C.distinguish

D.disconnect

問題15選項

A.or

B.but

C.so

D.whereas

問題16選項

A.identical

B.analogical

C.literal

D.parallel

問題17選項

A.ambiguity

B.utility

C.popularity

D.proximity

問題18選項

A.From

B.Over

C.Before

D.Upon

問題19選項

A.recurred

B.renewed

C.recalled

D.recovered

問題20選項

A.long

B.soon

C.far

D.well

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。resultfrom表產(chǎn)生的原因、相關(guān)的；resultin則表示結(jié)果。本句話的意思是：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)源于創(chuàng)造性思維，可能包括產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、工序和想法。因此C選項正確。

2.考查上下文語義。service服務(wù)；reserve擁有；assumption假定，假設(shè)；motion移動。句意為：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)源于創(chuàng)造性思維，包括產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、過程和想法。產(chǎn)品到服務(wù)是一個銜接的過程，因此A選項符合題意。

3.考查固定搭配。protectfrom…保護(hù)不受……危害。句意為：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)受到保護(hù)，不得盜用。因此D選項符合題意。

4.考查固定搭配。duecompensation應(yīng)得的報酬。句意為：侵吞是指未經(jīng)適當(dāng)補償而將他人的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)用于獲取金錢利益。因此C選項正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。users使用者；owners擁有者；masters雇主；executives管理者。本句意為：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)所有人受到法律保護(hù)。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)屬于個人，只有所有者才能享受專利，版權(quán)和商標(biāo)的法律保護(hù)，因此B選項符合題意。

6.考查動詞辨析。grant授予、同意；afford支付；affiliate使并入；fund資金。句意為：如果美國專利局批準(zhǔn)了一項專利，它就是在確認(rèn)該知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是獨一無二的。表明專利是十分重要的，需要得到授予批準(zhǔn)，因此D選項符合題意。

7.考查形容詞辨析。unique獨一無二的；solemn冷峻的、表情嚴(yán)肅的。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)屬于個人，是獨一無二的。C選項符合題意。

8.考查名詞辨析。permission允許；perspective態(tài)度觀點；conformityto/withsth遵從、遵守；consensus共識。句意為：這項專利禁止他人在20年內(nèi)未經(jīng)所有者許可而制造、使用或銷售該發(fā)明。因此B選項符合題意。

9.考查介詞辨析。except除……之外（用于所言不包括的人或事物前）；besides除……之外（還）；beyond超過；despite盡管。本句意為：版權(quán)與專利類似，不同之處在于版權(quán)適用于藝術(shù)作品。版權(quán)適用于藝術(shù)作品是不包含在類似點里的，所以用except，因此A選項符合題意。

10.考查形容詞辨析。original原創(chuàng)的；absolute完全的；alternative可選擇的；orthodox普遍接受的，規(guī)范的。本句意為：版權(quán)保護(hù)原創(chuàng)的藝術(shù)作品和智力作品，如歌曲、小說的創(chuàng)作者。因此C選項符合題意。

11.考查動詞辨析。distribute分發(fā)；presume假定；stimulate促進(jìn)、激發(fā)；nominate任命、指派、挑選。本句意為：版權(quán)賦予所有者復(fù)制、發(fā)布、展示或執(zhí)行作品的專有權(quán)。從復(fù)制到執(zhí)行是一個銜接過程，因此D選項符合題意。

12.考查名詞辨析。extent強調(diào)程度限度（的范圍：howextent……多大程度上）；range用于科學(xué)學(xué)科中的數(shù)據(jù)范圍，單維/縱深范疇(山脈mountainrange，單向隆起的就是山脈)；length（時間）持續(xù)的長短。句意為：版權(quán)的時長通常是作者的壽命加上70年。因此B選項正確。

13.考查上下文語義。plus加上；versus與……對比；viaby的意思；until直到。句意為：版權(quán)的時長通常是作者的壽命加上70年，因此A選項正確。

14.考查動詞辨析。distinguish使區(qū)分；distract分散轉(zhuǎn)移；differ不同；disconnect使分離。Trademarksarewords,names,orsymbolsthatidentifythemanufacturerofaproductand…itfromsimilargoodsofothers.商標(biāo)是指將一種產(chǎn)品和該產(chǎn)品的制造商與其他類似產(chǎn)品區(qū)分開來的文字、名稱或符號，可推測填入distinguish，因此C選項符合題意。

15.考查上下文語義。這里是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，上句為“服務(wù)標(biāo)志類似于商標(biāo)”下句為“用于識別服務(wù)”用but連接，服務(wù)標(biāo)志類似于商標(biāo)但事實用于識別服務(wù)的。因此B選項正確。

16.考查形容詞辨析。identical同一的；analogical相似的；literal字面意義的、缺乏想象力。Atrademarkpreventsothersfromusingtheidenticalorasimilarword,name,orsymbol…商標(biāo)可以防止他人使用相同或者相似的詞……，從而達(dá)到一個保護(hù)專利的目的，因此A選項符合題意。

17.考查名詞辨析。popularity受歡迎；ambiguity歧義；utility公共事業(yè)，有用、實用、實用程序。根據(jù)句意可推測Atrademarkpreventsothersfromusingtheidenticalorasimilarword,name,orsymboltotakeadvantageoftherecognitionand...ofthebrandortocreateconfusioninthemarketplace.商標(biāo)可以防止他人使用相同或相似的詞、名稱或符號來利用品牌的認(rèn)可度或……在市場上造成混亂，需填入和認(rèn)可度同等意義的詞，因此C選項符合題意。

18.考查介詞辨析。uponregistration,atrademarkisusuallygrantedforaperiodoftenyears通過注冊，商標(biāo)的授予期限通常為十年。over超過；from從；before在……之前都不符合句意。D選項正確。

19.考查動詞辨析。renew重新獲得，根據(jù)atrademarkisusuallygrantedforaperiodoftenyears(一個商標(biāo)的注冊期通常為十年)和下句Itcanberenewedforadditionalten-yearperiodsindefinitely(它可以被無限期地續(xù)期10年)可推測商標(biāo)需要重新獲得才能繼續(xù)使用，因此B選項符合題意。

20.考查句型。aslongas只要，themark’susecontinues.(商標(biāo)的繼續(xù)使用)是Itcanberenewedforadditionalten-yearperiodsindefinitely(它可以被無限期地續(xù)期10年)的條件，用“只要”連接，因此A選項符合題意。

7.翻譯題

由于世界范圍內(nèi)的高校采用越來越以市場為導(dǎo)向的管理模式，為了用可度量的方式來顯示自己的價值，學(xué)者們所承受的壓力也與日俱增。常用的度量方式就是研究成果，研究成果通常是按照發(fā)表文章的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量來計算的，而質(zhì)量則常常由是否有文章被引文索引庫（citationindex）所收錄來決定。因此，要想在專業(yè)上成功,學(xué)者們需要寫出一系列會被索引引用的文章，當(dāng)然這些文章很可能是用英語寫成。

【答案】Asinstitutionsofhigherlearningworldwidehaveadoptedanincreasinglymarket-orientedmodeofmanagement,scholarsarebearingincreasingpressureinordertodemonstratetheirvaluesinameasurablemanner.Acommonwayofmeasurementistomeasureresearchfruits,whicharecalculatedinaccordancewiththenumberandqualityofpublishedpapers.Butqualityisusuallydeterminedbywhetherapaperisincludedinoneofthecitationindexes.Therefore,tosucceedintheirspecialties,scholarsneedtowriteaseriesofpaperscitedinthecitationindexes.Ofcourse,thosepapersarelikelytobewritteninEnglish.

8.單選題

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.Withtheradiationemittedbyourhouses,thearsenic(砷)inthewaterandthetoxicrayscomingoutofcellphones,itisn’treallysafetosleep,drinkortalk.

LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

AfterSept.11,2001,thousandsofpeoplesworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,theoddsofbeingkilledinaterroristincidentin2002wereonein9million.Inthatsameyear,theoddsofdyinginatrafficaccidentwereaboutonein7,000.

Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.It’safactthatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes),andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Also,althoughIhavenoproof,I’llhazardaguessthatpeoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.

LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory—andmaybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildrenarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration______.

3.Whichistheacceptedpsychologicalexplanationforpeople’sfearasmentionedinthepassage?

4.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast______.

5．Theauthorbelievesthat______.

問題1選項

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

問題2選項

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.waslessfussyaboutdangers

C.livedinamoredangerousworld

D.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

問題3選項

A.Peoplearemoreafraidofthingstheydonotknowthanthingstheyarefamiliarwith.

B.Peoplearemoreafraidofdangersreportedinnewspapersthanthosetheyexperience.

C.Peoplearemoreafraidofflyinginanairplanethanridingatrain.

D.Peoplearemoreafraidofterroristdisastersthannaturaldisasters.

問題4選項

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

問題5選項

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasontofearthedangerstoday

C.lifeisfullofdangers,especiallyafterthe9.11attacks

D.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項“倒下的樹木”，B選項“掉落的電線”，由原文becausestreetswereblockedbyfallentrees（因為街道被倒下的樹木和電線堵塞了）可知，A,B選項是華盛頓的孩子們不能去上學(xué)的原因，排除A,B。D選項“交通燈壞了”，由原文andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（一些十字路口的交通燈也不能工作。）可知，D選項是華盛頓的孩子們不能去上學(xué)的原因，排除D。C選項“即將到來的颶風(fēng)”，由原文可知，颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，所以本題選C。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（上一代可能會在過馬路前繞著倒下的樹走，左右張望，但這一代的孩子顯然生活在一個更加危險的世界里，我們需要保護(hù)他們。），說明上一代人更懂得如何在面對危險時保護(hù)自己。因此D選項“在保護(hù)自己方面做得更好”正確。A選項“更知道如何避免危險”，B選項“對危險不那么挑剔”在文中沒有提及，所以A,B錯誤。C選項“生活在一個更危險的世界里”，由原文可知，是這一代的孩子生活在更危險的世界里，所以C錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一、二句Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis…andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol（對此有一些明確的心理學(xué)解釋……人們更害怕自己無法控制的東西），說明對恐懼的公認(rèn)心理學(xué)解釋是人們更害怕未知的無法控制的東西。因此A選項“人們更害怕他們不知道的東西，而不是他們熟悉的東西?！闭_。B選項“人們更害怕報紙上報道的危險，而不是他們所經(jīng)歷的?！?，C選項“比起坐火車，人們更害怕坐飛機?！?，D選項“比起自然災(zāi)害，人們更害怕恐怖主意災(zāi)難。”都是具體的事例，而不是心理學(xué)解釋，所以B,C,D錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.（如果環(huán)顧你的社區(qū)，你會注意到水是干凈的——這在100年前不一定是干凈的，而且食物也沒有腐爛或變質(zhì)。），說明過去的水質(zhì)沒有現(xiàn)在的好。因此B選項“水沒有那么干凈”正確。A選項“生活更令人愉快”，C選項“食物的味道和質(zhì)量都更好”和原文的意思相反，所以A,C錯誤。D選項“對孩子來說街道更安全”，由原文LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory（普通美國人的生活比人類歷史上任何時候的任何人都要安全得多），現(xiàn)在的生活比過去更安全，所以D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句maybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.（也許這就解釋了為什么城市官員、聯(lián)邦官員和其他所有人都覺得有義務(wù)采取可笑的預(yù)防措施來滿足公眾的需求。），說明作者認(rèn)為這些預(yù)防措施是可笑的，也就是說人們面對危險的反應(yīng)過激了。因此A選項“現(xiàn)在的人對危險反應(yīng)過激了”正確。B選項“人們有充分的理由害怕今天的危險”，C選項“生活中充滿了危險，特別是在9.11事件之后”，由原文Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.（現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)消除了大多數(shù)人曾經(jīng)害怕的東西，我們只是發(fā)明了新的東西來取代它們。）可知，現(xiàn)在的生活中沒有那么多危險，所以B,C錯誤。D選項“兒童應(yīng)該得到更好的保護(hù)，以避免危險的發(fā)生”不符合題意，所以D錯誤。

9.單選題

Itisgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

問題1選項

A.indispensable

B.inviolate

C.indisposed

D.invariable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的”；inviolate“無污點的；未褻瀆的”；indisposed“不舒服的；不愿意的”；invariable“不改變的；常數(shù)的”。句意：通常情況下都會認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師和學(xué)生共事時，心理學(xué)課程是教師培訓(xùn)必不可少的內(nèi)容。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Areundergraduategradesimportant?Everyoneknowsthathighmarksearnedatdifferentschoolsorunderdifferentinstructorscanindicateverydifferentlevelsofachievement.Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.Someschoolshavenighstandards,whereasothersaregroupsofintellectualpeople.Andatalluniversities,thereisaconstanttendencytowardsgradeinflation（thegrantingofevermorehighmarks）.Thatisfoughtvigorouslyatsomeinstitutionsandallowedtogouncheckedforlongperiodsatothers.

Anotherpointraisedagainstgradesishowpoorlytheypredicthowmuchgraduateswillbeearning15or20yearsaftergettingtheirdegrees.Asmanystudieshaveshown,thereisonlyaverypoorcorrelationbetweenundergraduate’sgradesandsubsequentwealth.Peoplewhogetgoodmarkstendtogointotheprofessions,notallofwhicharehighlyremunerative（有利的）.Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.Manymediocre（平庸）studentsbecomesuccessfulbusinessman,whilesomebrilliantandcapablegraduates（creativeyoungsters,notstudentswithspecialskillsinpassingexams）takeuprelativelylow-payingbutinterestingorsatisfyingcareers.Thegeneralpopulation,examiningthisquestionthroughastatisticallens,seesonethingveryclearlythatgoodgradesdon’ttranslateinanydirectwayintobigbucks,andforbetterorforworse,thegauge（標(biāo)尺）of“success”forcountlessAmericansistheacquisitionofwealth.

TheresultisacertainmodestyaboutgoodgradesinAmericaamongthosewhogetthem.Astudent’sparentsmaybragabouthismarks,butseldomwillthestudenthimselfriskbeingbrandeda“grade-grubber”bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess.Highmarksarenotsomethingtobeadvertisedtotheworldexceptonresumes,andanybodywhoboastsaboutthemislikelytobeviewedwithcontempt,notleastbyintelligentpeople.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutundergraduategrades?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweengradesandbusinessperformance?

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheAmericanattitudetowardsgoodgrades?

4.Thephrase“grade-grubber”,underlinedinparagraph3probablymeans（

）.

5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Differentgradesinschoolsindicatedifferentlevelsofachievement.

B.Professorsaregivingincreasinglyhighmarks.

C.Professorssometimesgivegradeswithoutcheckingstudent’swork.

D.Professorsarelikelytogivehighgradesiftheyarehumorous.

問題2選項

A.Goodgradesnormallyleadtobusinesssuccess.

B.Thereisadirectlinkbetweengradesandbusinesssuccess.

C.Goodgradesdon'tnecessarilymeanbusinesssuccess.

D.Poorgradesoftenmeanbusinesssuccess.

問題3選項

A.Thestudentswithgoodgradeswillsharehishappinesswitheverybodyheknows.

B.Goodgradesaresomethingattachedtogreatimportance.

C.Notmuchimportanceisattachedtogoodgrades.

D.Studentswillriskeverythingtogetgoodgrades.

問題4選項

A.astudentwholiketotakerisks

B.astudentwhoisexcellentinacademicstudy

C.astudentwhoisobsessedbygettinggoodgrades

D.astudentwhobragsabouthisgoodgrades

問題5選項

A.AreGradesSoImportant?

B.HowtoGetGoodGrades.

C.DifferentAttitudestowardsGrades.

D.GradesandBusinessSuccess

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘關(guān)于本科成績，下列哪個選項是正確的?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中第三句“Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.一位教授可能是一個嚴(yán)格的評分者，而另一位教授可能是一個非?？犊娜耍蛘呤且粋€把整件事當(dāng)作玩笑的人?！贝_定C選項‘教授有時不檢查學(xué)生的作業(yè)就給他們打分?！_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)這篇文章，成績和企業(yè)績效之間的關(guān)系是什么?’。根據(jù)文章第二段中第四句“Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.大學(xué)本科成績與商業(yè)成功(最常見的致富之路)之間的相關(guān)性幾乎為零?！贝_定C選項‘好的成績并不一定意味著商業(yè)上的成功。’正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘下列哪一項最能描述美國人對待好成績的態(tài)度?’。根據(jù)文章最后一段中第一句“TheresultisacertainmodestyaboutgoodgradesinAmericaamongthosewhogetthem.結(jié)果是，在美國取得好成績的人對自己的成績多少有些謙虛。”確定C選項‘好成績不太重要。’正確。

4.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第3段下劃線的grade-grubber”一詞可能是指…’。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第二句‘Astudent’sparentsmaybragabouthismarks,butseldomwillthestudenthimselfriskbeingbrandeda“grade-grubber”bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess.學(xué)生的父母可能會吹噓他的成績，但很少會因為過分關(guān)注他的學(xué)業(yè)成績而給自己貼上“grade-grubber”的標(biāo)簽?！@句話中的方式狀語“bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess通過高度重視自己的學(xué)術(shù)成就”就是該詞的解釋，所以C選項‘一個癡迷于取得好成績的學(xué)生’正確。

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章最好的題目是什么?’。在文章開頭作者提出問題“Areundergraduategradesimportant?"，之后從多個方面論證了大學(xué)成績并不是那么重要，高分不能代表財富和成功。所以用這一句話作為標(biāo)題很恰當(dāng)合適，A選項正確。

11.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto（

）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問題1選項

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey服從，聽從；conform遵守，使一致，順從；concede承認(rèn)，退讓；observe觀察，注意到，評論。句意：所有個人都必須遵守政府制定的法律。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

_____thewhole,earlyAmericancityplanningwasexcellent.

問題1選項

A.In

B.From

C.On

D.Above

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthewhole指大體上、基本上。句意：整體上來看，早期美國城市規(guī)劃很優(yōu)秀。

13.單選題

Itisreportedthatthegovernmentisgoingtoimposeataxonfuelswhich______globalwarming.

問題1選項

A.attributeto

B.tributeto

C.contributeto

D.relateto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。attributeto“把……歸因于”；tributeto“向……致敬”；contributeto“有助于”；relateto“涉及，有關(guān)”。句意：據(jù)報道，由于全球變暖，政府將征收燃料稅。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Ameteorburnsbrightly（）throughtheearth’satmosphere.

問題1選項

A.asitdescends

B.asdescending

C.whetheritdescends

D.whendescends

【答案】A

【解析】考查時間狀語從句。句意：流星在穿過地球大氣層時閃閃發(fā)光。whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，排除C。D選項缺少主語，排除D。as后面接動詞ing形式表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，時態(tài)不符，排除B。因此A選項正確。

15.單選題

TheEarth'satmosphererecordedthehugedeclineinthepopulationoftheWesternHemisphereinthe150yearsfollowingthearrivalofColumbusfromSpainin1492.Soldiers,officials,settlersandmerchantsfromEurasiaandslavesfromAfricaunwittinglyintroducedcommondiseasessuchassmallpox(天花)，measles(麻疹)andinfluenzatowhichtheinhabitantsoftheAmericaspossessednoimmunity.Scholarlyestimatesofthetotalnumberofdeathsfromdiseasevarywidely,butthenumbermayhaveexceeded50millionandcertainlywipedout75%ormoreofnativeAmericans.Thisrapiddepopulationofthehemisphereallowedforeststogrowinformerfarmlands.By1610thegrowthofallthosetreeshadsuckedenoughcarbondioxide(CO2)outoftheskytocauseadropofatleastsevenpartspermillioninatmosphericconcentrationsofthemostprominentgreenhousegasandstartalittleiceage.

Basedonthatdramaticshift,SimonLewisandMarkMaslin,BritishecologistsworkingatUniversityCollegeLondon,believe1610shouldbeconsideredthestartingdateofanewgeologicepochcurrentlyunderdiscussionamongearthscientists:theAnthropocene,orrecentageofhumanity.LewisandMaslindubthedecreaseinatmosphericcarbondioxidethe’’OrbisSpike"fromtheLatinforworld,becausesince1492humancivilizationhasprogressivelyglobalized.InapaperpublishedthismonthinNature,theyarguethathumanimpactsontheplanethavebeendramaticenoughtowarrantformalrecognitionoftheAnthropoceneepochandthattheOrbisSpikeshouldserveasthemarkerofitsopening.

TheAnthropoceneisnotanewidea.Asfarbackasthe18thcenturythefirstscientificattempttolayoutachronologyofEarth’sgeologichistoryendedwithahumanepoch.Bythe19thcenturytheideawascommonplace,appearingastheAnthropozoic("humanliferocks")orthe'*EraofMan"ingeologytextbooks.Butbythemiddleofthe20thcentury,theideaoftheHolocene(thetermmeans"entirelyrecent"inGreekdesignatesthemostrecentperiod,datingfrom11,700yearsago,whentheglaciers(冰河)ofthelasticeagereceded)hadcometodominate,recognizinghumansasanimportantelementofthecurrentepoch,butnotthedefiningone.

Thatideaisnolongeradequate,accordingtoscientistsrangingfromgeologiststoclimatologists.Humanimpactshavesimplygrowntoolarge:somescientistspointtothefloodofnitrogen(N)releasedintotheworldbytheinventionoftheHaber-Boschprocess

forwrestingthevitalnutrientfromtheairtosupportagriculture,othersemphasizethefactthatmodempeoplenowmovemoreearthandstonethanalltheworld’sriversputtogether.

Researchershaveadvancedanarrayofproposalsforwhenthisputativenewepochmighthavebegun.Somelinkittothestartofthemassextinctionoflargemammals（卩甫孚L動物）suchaswoollymammothsandgiantkangaroossome50,000yearsagoortheadventofagriculturearound10,000yearsago.OtherssaytheAnthropoceneismuchmorerecentandtothebeginningoftheuptickinatmosphericCO2concentrationsaftertheinventionofaneffectivecoal-burningsteamengine.

ThemostprominentcurrentproposalconnectsthedawnoftheAnthropocenetothatofthenuclearage:long-lobedradionuclide（放射性同位素）leavealong-livedrecordintherock.Theboominhumanpopulationandconsumptionofeverythingfromcoppertomaize（玉米）after1950orso,knownasthe"GreatAcceleration",roughlycoincideswiththisnuclearmarker.Sodoestheadventofplasticsandotherremnantsofindustrialsociety,dubbed”technofossils"byJanZalasiewiczoftheUniversityofLeicester,thegeologistwhoheadsthegroupthatispushingforadditionoftheAnthropocenetothestandardgeologictimescale.TheradionuclidescanthenserveaswhatgeologistscallaGlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,morecommonlyknownasa“goldenspike.”Perhapsthemostfamoussuchgoldenspikeisthethinlayerofiridium（Ir）afoundinpockexposednearElKef,Tunisia;itpinpointstheasteroidimpactthatterminatedtheageofthedinosaursandendedtheCretaceousabout65millionyearsago.

LewisandMaslinrejectthisradionuclidespikebecauseitisnottiedtoa*'world-changingevent"--atleastnotyet—althoughitisaclearsignalintherock.Ontheotherhand,theirOrbisSpikein1610reflectsboththemostrecentCO2lowpointandtheredistributionofplantsandanimalsaroundtheworldassociatedwiththeAgeofDiscoveryandtheriseofworldempires,atruechangingoftheworld.Muchlikethegoldenspikethatmarkstheendofthedinosaurs,theproposedOrbisSpikeitselfwouldbetiedtothelowpointofatmosphericCO?concentrationsaround1610,asrecordedinicecores,wheretinytrappedbubblesbetraypastatmospheres.FurthergeologicevidencewillcomefromtheappearanceofmaizepolleninsedimentcorestakeninEuropeandAsiaatthattime,amongotherindicatorsthatwillcomplementtheCO2record.Therefore,scientistslookingaticecores,mudorevenrockwillfindthisepochalshiftinthefuture.

TheCO2dropcoincideswithwhatclimatologistscalltheLittleIceAge.Thatcoolingeventmayhavebeentiedtoregeneratedforestsandotherplantsgrowingonsome50millionhectaresoflandabandonedbyhumansafterthemassdeathbroughtonbydiseaseandwarfare,LewisandMaslinsuggest.Anditwasn'tjustthedeathofmillionsofaboriginalAmericans.Theenslavement（ordeath）ofmanymillionsofAfricansforlaborinthenewlandsmayalsohaveaddedtotheclimateimpact.ThepopulationoftheregionsofwesternAfricamostaffectedbytheNewWorldslavetradedidnotbegintorecoveruntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Inotherwords,from1600to1900areasofthatregionmayhavebeenregrowingforest,enoughtoreduceatmosphericCO?,justliketheregrowthoftheAmazonandthegreatNorthAmericanwoods,althoughthishypothesisremainsinsomedispute.

Howeverdelimited,thenewdesignationwouldmeanwearelivinginanew

Anthropoceneepoch,partoftheQuaternaryperiod,whichstartedmore2.5millionyearsagowiththeadventofthecyclicalgrowthandretreatofmassiveglaciers.TheQuaternaryispartoftheCenozoic("recentlife”)erathatbegan66millionyearsagoandis,inturn,partofthePhanerozoic("revealedlife")eon,whichstarted541millionyearsagoandencompassesallofcomplexlifethathaseverlivedonthisplanet.Intheend,theAnthropocenemightsupplanttheHolocene."Itisdesignatedanepoch,unlikeotherinterglacial,becausebackinthe18thcenturygeologiststhoughthumanswereaveryrecentspecies,arrivingviadi