考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海歐華職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海歐華職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Nations,likeindividualsorsportsteams,willnotfollowleaderstheydon'trespect,whosegoalsareunclear,whosephilosophyisnotin_______withacceptedhumanvalues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.synonym

B.syne

C.synod

D.sync

【答案】D

【解析】synonym同義字;syne自從;synod大會(huì),宗教會(huì)議;sync同時(shí);同步。句意：國(guó)家,就像個(gè)人或運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)一樣,不會(huì)追隨他們不受他們尊重,目標(biāo)不明確,人生觀也與公認(rèn)的人類價(jià)值觀不一致的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Theteamhasbeenworkingovertimeontheresearchproject（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lately

B.justnow

C.late

D.longago

【答案】A

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。lately“近來(lái)，不久前”；justnow“剛剛”；late“晚，遲；在晚期”；longago“很久以前”。句意：這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)近來(lái)一直在為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目加班。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為態(tài)度是對(duì)事物或事件的一種傾向，它決定了人們對(duì)不同刺激的反應(yīng)方式。predisposition意為“傾向”。priorinclinations傾向，愛(ài)好；prescriptions醫(yī)藥處方；precautions預(yù)防措施，預(yù)警；principalcommitments主要承諾。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

4.單選題

Becauseheis（

）,wecannotpredictwhatcoursehewillfollowatanymoment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incoherent

B.capricious

C.sedate

D.deleterious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incoherent“語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次的；不連貫的；不合邏輯的”；B選項(xiàng)capricious“反復(fù)無(wú)常的；任性的”；C選項(xiàng)sedate“安靜的；沉著的”；D選項(xiàng)deleterious“有毒的；有害的”。句意：因?yàn)樗ぁぁぁぁぁ?，所以我們無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)他將在任何時(shí)候采取什么行動(dòng)?！盁o(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)”與B選項(xiàng)“反復(fù)無(wú)常”相符合。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

DuringtheMiddleAges,virulentdiseaseslikeBubonicPlaguewererampant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lethal

B.communicable

C.contagious

D.defective

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.lethal致命的B.communicable會(huì)傳染的

C.contagious可接觸傳染的D.defective有缺陷的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】原句前后語(yǔ)義為“在中世紀(jì)，像黑死病這樣的____疾病十分猖獗?！庇纱丝芍撔稳菰~修飾的是“疾病（黑死?。保~virulent“致命的”，因此A選項(xiàng)lethal“致命的”最符合原句語(yǔ)義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)communicable“會(huì)傳染的”，語(yǔ)義與原句不一致；

C選項(xiàng)contagious“可接觸傳染的”，語(yǔ)義與原句不一致；

D選項(xiàng)defective“有缺陷的”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】在中世紀(jì)，像黑死病這樣的致命疾病十分猖獗。

6.單選題

Individualsandbusinesseshavelegalprotectionforintellectualpropertytheycreateandown.Intellectualproperty（1）fromcreativethinkingandmayincludeproducts,（2）,processes,andideas.Intellectualpropertyisprotected（3）misappropriation(盜用).Misappropriationistakingtheintellectualpropertyofotherswithout（4）compensationandusingitformonetarygain.

Legalprotectionisprovidedforthe（5）ofintellectualproperty.Thethreecommontypesoflegalprotectionarepatents,copyrights,andtrademarks.

Patentsprovideexclusiveuseofinventions.IftheU.S.PatentOffice（6）apatent,itisconfirmingthattheintellectualpropertyis（7）.Thepatentpreventsothersfrommaking,using,orsellingtheinventionwithouttheowner’s（8）foraperiodof20years.

Copyrightaresimilartopatents（9）thattheyareappliedtoartisticworks.Acopyrightprotectsthecreatorofan（10）artisticorintellectualwork,suchasasongoranovel.Acopyrightgivestheownerexclusiverightstocopy,（11）,display,orperformthework.Thecopyrightpreventsothersfromusingandsellingthework.The（12）ofacopyrightistypicallythelifetimeoftheauthor（13）anadditional70years.

Trademarksarewords,names,orsymbolsthatidentifythemanufacturerofaproductand（14）itfromsimilargoodsofothers.Aservicemarkissimilartoatrademark（15）isusedtoidentifyservice.Atrademarkpreventsothersfromusingthe（16）orasimilarword,name,orsymboltotakeadvantageoftherecognitionand（17）ofthebrandortocreateconfusioninthemarketplace.（18）registration,atrademarkisusuallygrantedforaperiodoftenyears.Itcanbe（19）foradditionalten-yearperiodsindefinitelyas（20）asthemark’susecontinues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retrieves

B.deviates

C.results

D.departs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.services

B.reserves

C.assumptions

D.motions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.with

C.by

D.from

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sound

B.partial

C.due

D.random

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.users

B.owners

C.masters

D.executives

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.affords

B.affiliates

C.funds

D.grants

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.solemn

B.sober

C.unique

D.universal

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.permission

C.conformity

D.consensus

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.besides

C.beyond

D.despite

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.absolute

B.alternative

C.original

D.orthodox

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.presume

B.stimulate

C.nominate

D.distribute

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.length

C.scale

D.extent

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.plus

B.versus

C.via

D.until

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.distract

B.differ

C.distinguish

D.disconnect

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.but

C.so

D.whereas

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.analogical

C.literal

D.parallel

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguity

B.utility

C.popularity

D.proximity

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.From

B.Over

C.Before

D.Upon

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.recurred

B.renewed

C.recalled

D.recovered

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.long

B.soon

C.far

D.well

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resultfrom表產(chǎn)生的原因、相關(guān)的；resultin則表示結(jié)果。本句話的意思是：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)源于創(chuàng)造性思維，可能包括產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、工序和想法。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。service服務(wù)；reserve擁有；assumption假定，假設(shè)；motion移動(dòng)。句意為：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)源于創(chuàng)造性思維，包括產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、過(guò)程和想法。產(chǎn)品到服務(wù)是一個(gè)銜接的過(guò)程，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查固定搭配。protectfrom…保護(hù)不受……危害。句意為：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)受到保護(hù)，不得盜用。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查固定搭配。duecompensation應(yīng)得的報(bào)酬。句意為：侵吞是指未經(jīng)適當(dāng)補(bǔ)償而將他人的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)用于獲取金錢利益。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。users使用者；owners擁有者；masters雇主；executives管理者。本句意為：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)所有人受到法律保護(hù)。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬于個(gè)人，只有所有者才能享受專利，版權(quán)和商標(biāo)的法律保護(hù)，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。grant授予、同意；afford支付；affiliate使并入；fund資金。句意為：如果美國(guó)專利局批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)專利，它就是在確認(rèn)該知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。表明專利是十分重要的，需要得到授予批準(zhǔn)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查形容詞辨析。unique獨(dú)一無(wú)二的；solemn冷峻的、表情嚴(yán)肅的。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬于個(gè)人，是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查名詞辨析。permission允許；perspective態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)；conformityto/withsth遵從、遵守；consensus共識(shí)。句意為：這項(xiàng)專利禁止他人在20年內(nèi)未經(jīng)所有者許可而制造、使用或銷售該發(fā)明。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查介詞辨析。except除……之外（用于所言不包括的人或事物前）；besides除……之外（還）；beyond超過(guò)；despite盡管。本句意為：版權(quán)與專利類似，不同之處在于版權(quán)適用于藝術(shù)作品。版權(quán)適用于藝術(shù)作品是不包含在類似點(diǎn)里的，所以用except，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查形容詞辨析。original原創(chuàng)的；absolute完全的；alternative可選擇的；orthodox普遍接受的，規(guī)范的。本句意為：版權(quán)保護(hù)原創(chuàng)的藝術(shù)作品和智力作品，如歌曲、小說(shuō)的創(chuàng)作者。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。distribute分發(fā)；presume假定；stimulate促進(jìn)、激發(fā)；nominate任命、指派、挑選。本句意為：版權(quán)賦予所有者復(fù)制、發(fā)布、展示或執(zhí)行作品的專有權(quán)。從復(fù)制到執(zhí)行是一個(gè)銜接過(guò)程，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查名詞辨析。extent強(qiáng)調(diào)程度限度（的范圍：howextent……多大程度上）；range用于科學(xué)學(xué)科中的數(shù)據(jù)范圍，單維/縱深范疇(山脈mountainrange，單向隆起的就是山脈)；length（時(shí)間）持續(xù)的長(zhǎng)短。句意為：版權(quán)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)通常是作者的壽命加上70年。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。plus加上；versus與……對(duì)比；viaby的意思；until直到。句意為：版權(quán)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)通常是作者的壽命加上70年，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。distinguish使區(qū)分；distract分散轉(zhuǎn)移；differ不同；disconnect使分離。Trademarksarewords,names,orsymbolsthatidentifythemanufacturerofaproductand…itfromsimilargoodsofothers.商標(biāo)是指將一種產(chǎn)品和該產(chǎn)品的制造商與其他類似產(chǎn)品區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)的文字、名稱或符號(hào)，可推測(cè)填入distinguish，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。這里是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，上句為“服務(wù)標(biāo)志類似于商標(biāo)”下句為“用于識(shí)別服務(wù)”用but連接，服務(wù)標(biāo)志類似于商標(biāo)但事實(shí)用于識(shí)別服務(wù)的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.考查形容詞辨析。identical同一的；analogical相似的；literal字面意義的、缺乏想象力。Atrademarkpreventsothersfromusingtheidenticalorasimilarword,name,orsymbol…商標(biāo)可以防止他人使用相同或者相似的詞……，從而達(dá)到一個(gè)保護(hù)專利的目的，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查名詞辨析。popularity受歡迎；ambiguity歧義；utility公共事業(yè)，有用、實(shí)用、實(shí)用程序。根據(jù)句意可推測(cè)Atrademarkpreventsothersfromusingtheidenticalorasimilarword,name,orsymboltotakeadvantageoftherecognitionand...ofthebrandortocreateconfusioninthemarketplace.商標(biāo)可以防止他人使用相同或相似的詞、名稱或符號(hào)來(lái)利用品牌的認(rèn)可度或……在市場(chǎng)上造成混亂，需填入和認(rèn)可度同等意義的詞，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查介詞辨析。uponregistration,atrademarkisusuallygrantedforaperiodoftenyears通過(guò)注冊(cè)，商標(biāo)的授予期限通常為十年。over超過(guò)；from從；before在……之前都不符合句意。D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。renew重新獲得，根據(jù)atrademarkisusuallygrantedforaperiodoftenyears(一個(gè)商標(biāo)的注冊(cè)期通常為十年)和下句Itcanberenewedforadditionalten-yearperiodsindefinitely(它可以被無(wú)限期地續(xù)期10年)可推測(cè)商標(biāo)需要重新獲得才能繼續(xù)使用，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查句型。aslongas只要，themark’susecontinues.(商標(biāo)的繼續(xù)使用)是Itcanberenewedforadditionalten-yearperiodsindefinitely(它可以被無(wú)限期地續(xù)期10年)的條件，用“只要”連接，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.翻譯題

由于世界范圍內(nèi)的高校采用越來(lái)越以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的管理模式，為了用可度量的方式來(lái)顯示自己的價(jià)值，學(xué)者們所承受的壓力也與日俱增。常用的度量方式就是研究成果，研究成果通常是按照發(fā)表文章的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量來(lái)計(jì)算的，而質(zhì)量則常常由是否有文章被引文索引庫(kù)（citationindex）所收錄來(lái)決定。因此，要想在專業(yè)上成功,學(xué)者們需要寫(xiě)出一系列會(huì)被索引引用的文章，當(dāng)然這些文章很可能是用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)成。

【答案】Asinstitutionsofhigherlearningworldwidehaveadoptedanincreasinglymarket-orientedmodeofmanagement,scholarsarebearingincreasingpressureinordertodemonstratetheirvaluesinameasurablemanner.Acommonwayofmeasurementistomeasureresearchfruits,whicharecalculatedinaccordancewiththenumberandqualityofpublishedpapers.Butqualityisusuallydeterminedbywhetherapaperisincludedinoneofthecitationindexes.Therefore,tosucceedintheirspecialties,scholarsneedtowriteaseriesofpaperscitedinthecitationindexes.Ofcourse,thosepapersarelikelytobewritteninEnglish.

8.單選題

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.Withtheradiationemittedbyourhouses,thearsenic(砷)inthewaterandthetoxicrayscomingoutofcellphones,itisn’treallysafetosleep,drinkortalk.

LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

AfterSept.11,2001,thousandsofpeoplesworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,theoddsofbeingkilledinaterroristincidentin2002wereonein9million.Inthatsameyear,theoddsofdyinginatrafficaccidentwereaboutonein7,000.

Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.It’safactthatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes),andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Also,althoughIhavenoproof,I’llhazardaguessthatpeoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.

LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory—andmaybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildrenarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration______.

3.Whichistheacceptedpsychologicalexplanationforpeople’sfearasmentionedinthepassage?

4.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast______.

5．Theauthorbelievesthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.waslessfussyaboutdangers

C.livedinamoredangerousworld

D.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearemoreafraidofthingstheydonotknowthanthingstheyarefamiliarwith.

B.Peoplearemoreafraidofdangersreportedinnewspapersthanthosetheyexperience.

C.Peoplearemoreafraidofflyinginanairplanethanridingatrain.

D.Peoplearemoreafraidofterroristdisastersthannaturaldisasters.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasontofearthedangerstoday

C.lifeisfullofdangers,especiallyafterthe9.11attacks

D.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“倒下的樹(shù)木”，B選項(xiàng)“掉落的電線”，由原文becausestreetswereblockedbyfallentrees（因?yàn)榻值辣坏瓜碌臉?shù)木和電線堵塞了）可知，A,B選項(xiàng)是華盛頓的孩子們不能去上學(xué)的原因，排除A,B。D選項(xiàng)“交通燈壞了”，由原文andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（一些十字路口的交通燈也不能工作。）可知，D選項(xiàng)是華盛頓的孩子們不能去上學(xué)的原因，排除D。C選項(xiàng)“即將到來(lái)的颶風(fēng)”，由原文可知，颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，所以本題選C。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（上一代可能會(huì)在過(guò)馬路前繞著倒下的樹(shù)走，左右張望，但這一代的孩子顯然生活在一個(gè)更加危險(xiǎn)的世界里，我們需要保護(hù)他們。），說(shuō)明上一代人更懂得如何在面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)保護(hù)自己。因此D選項(xiàng)“在保護(hù)自己方面做得更好”正確。A選項(xiàng)“更知道如何避免危險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)危險(xiǎn)不那么挑剔”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“生活在一個(gè)更危險(xiǎn)的世界里”，由原文可知，是這一代的孩子生活在更危險(xiǎn)的世界里，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一、二句Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis…andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol（對(duì)此有一些明確的心理學(xué)解釋……人們更害怕自己無(wú)法控制的東西），說(shuō)明對(duì)恐懼的公認(rèn)心理學(xué)解釋是人們更害怕未知的無(wú)法控制的東西。因此A選項(xiàng)“人們更害怕他們不知道的東西，而不是他們熟悉的東西?！闭_。B選項(xiàng)“人們更害怕報(bào)紙上報(bào)道的危險(xiǎn)，而不是他們所經(jīng)歷的?！?，C選項(xiàng)“比起坐火車，人們更害怕坐飛機(jī)?！?，D選項(xiàng)“比起自然災(zāi)害，人們更害怕恐怖主意災(zāi)難?！倍际蔷唧w的事例，而不是心理學(xué)解釋，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.（如果環(huán)顧你的社區(qū)，你會(huì)注意到水是干凈的——這在100年前不一定是干凈的，而且食物也沒(méi)有腐爛或變質(zhì)。），說(shuō)明過(guò)去的水質(zhì)沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在的好。因此B選項(xiàng)“水沒(méi)有那么干凈”正確。A選項(xiàng)“生活更令人愉快”，C選項(xiàng)“食物的味道和質(zhì)量都更好”和原文的意思相反，所以A,C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)街道更安全”，由原文LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory（普通美國(guó)人的生活比人類歷史上任何時(shí)候的任何人都要安全得多），現(xiàn)在的生活比過(guò)去更安全，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句maybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.（也許這就解釋了為什么城市官員、聯(lián)邦官員和其他所有人都覺(jué)得有義務(wù)采取可笑的預(yù)防措施來(lái)滿足公眾的需求。），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為這些預(yù)防措施是可笑的，也就是說(shuō)人們面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的反應(yīng)過(guò)激了。因此A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的人對(duì)危險(xiǎn)反應(yīng)過(guò)激了”正確。B選項(xiàng)“人們有充分的理由害怕今天的危險(xiǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“生活中充滿了危險(xiǎn)，特別是在9.11事件之后”，由原文Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.（現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)消除了大多數(shù)人曾經(jīng)害怕的東西，我們只是發(fā)明了新的東西來(lái)取代它們。）可知，現(xiàn)在的生活中沒(méi)有那么多危險(xiǎn)，所以B,C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“兒童應(yīng)該得到更好的保護(hù)，以避免危險(xiǎn)的發(fā)生”不符合題意，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

9.單選題

Itisgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indispensable

B.inviolate

C.indisposed

D.invariable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對(duì)必要的”；inviolate“無(wú)污點(diǎn)的；未褻瀆的”；indisposed“不舒服的；不愿意的”；invariable“不改變的；常數(shù)的”。句意：通常情況下都會(huì)認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師和學(xué)生共事時(shí)，心理學(xué)課程是教師培訓(xùn)必不可少的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Areundergraduategradesimportant?Everyoneknowsthathighmarksearnedatdifferentschoolsorunderdifferentinstructorscanindicateverydifferentlevelsofachievement.Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.Someschoolshavenighstandards,whereasothersaregroupsofintellectualpeople.Andatalluniversities,thereisaconstanttendencytowardsgradeinflation（thegrantingofevermorehighmarks）.Thatisfoughtvigorouslyatsomeinstitutionsandallowedtogouncheckedforlongperiodsatothers.

Anotherpointraisedagainstgradesishowpoorlytheypredicthowmuchgraduateswillbeearning15or20yearsaftergettingtheirdegrees.Asmanystudieshaveshown,thereisonlyaverypoorcorrelationbetweenundergraduate’sgradesandsubsequentwealth.Peoplewhogetgoodmarkstendtogointotheprofessions,notallofwhicharehighlyremunerative（有利的）.Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.Manymediocre（平庸）studentsbecomesuccessfulbusinessman,whilesomebrilliantandcapablegraduates（creativeyoungsters,notstudentswithspecialskillsinpassingexams）takeuprelativelylow-payingbutinterestingorsatisfyingcareers.Thegeneralpopulation,examiningthisquestionthroughastatisticallens,seesonethingveryclearlythatgoodgradesdon’ttranslateinanydirectwayintobigbucks,andforbetterorforworse,thegauge（標(biāo)尺）of“success”forcountlessAmericansistheacquisitionofwealth.

TheresultisacertainmodestyaboutgoodgradesinAmericaamongthosewhogetthem.Astudent’sparentsmaybragabouthismarks,butseldomwillthestudenthimselfriskbeingbrandeda“grade-grubber”bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess.Highmarksarenotsomethingtobeadvertisedtotheworldexceptonresumes,andanybodywhoboastsaboutthemislikelytobeviewedwithcontempt,notleastbyintelligentpeople.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutundergraduategrades?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweengradesandbusinessperformance?

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheAmericanattitudetowardsgoodgrades?

4.Thephrase“grade-grubber”,underlinedinparagraph3probablymeans（

）.

5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Differentgradesinschoolsindicatedifferentlevelsofachievement.

B.Professorsaregivingincreasinglyhighmarks.

C.Professorssometimesgivegradeswithoutcheckingstudent’swork.

D.Professorsarelikelytogivehighgradesiftheyarehumorous.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Goodgradesnormallyleadtobusinesssuccess.

B.Thereisadirectlinkbetweengradesandbusinesssuccess.

C.Goodgradesdon'tnecessarilymeanbusinesssuccess.

D.Poorgradesoftenmeanbusinesssuccess.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thestudentswithgoodgradeswillsharehishappinesswitheverybodyheknows.

B.Goodgradesaresomethingattachedtogreatimportance.

C.Notmuchimportanceisattachedtogoodgrades.

D.Studentswillriskeverythingtogetgoodgrades.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.astudentwholiketotakerisks

B.astudentwhoisexcellentinacademicstudy

C.astudentwhoisobsessedbygettinggoodgrades

D.astudentwhobragsabouthisgoodgrades

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AreGradesSoImportant?

B.HowtoGetGoodGrades.

C.DifferentAttitudestowardsGrades.

D.GradesandBusinessSuccess

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘關(guān)于本科成績(jī)，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中第三句“Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.一位教授可能是一個(gè)嚴(yán)格的評(píng)分者，而另一位教授可能是一個(gè)非?？犊娜耍蛘呤且粋€(gè)把整件事當(dāng)作玩笑的人?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘教授有時(shí)不檢查學(xué)生的作業(yè)就給他們打分?！_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章，成績(jī)和企業(yè)績(jī)效之間的關(guān)系是什么?’。根據(jù)文章第二段中第四句“Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.大學(xué)本科成績(jī)與商業(yè)成功(最常見(jiàn)的致富之路)之間的相關(guān)性幾乎為零。”確定C選項(xiàng)‘好的成績(jī)并不一定意味著商業(yè)上的成功?！_。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘下列哪一項(xiàng)最能描述美國(guó)人對(duì)待好成績(jī)的態(tài)度?’。根據(jù)文章最后一段中第一句“TheresultisacertainmodestyaboutgoodgradesinAmericaamongthosewhogetthem.結(jié)果是，在美國(guó)取得好成績(jī)的人對(duì)自己的成績(jī)多少有些謙虛。”確定C選項(xiàng)‘好成績(jī)不太重要?！_。

4.詞匯題。題干詢問(wèn)‘第3段下劃線的grade-grubber”一詞可能是指…’。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第二句‘Astudent’sparentsmaybragabouthismarks,butseldomwillthestudenthimselfriskbeingbrandeda“grade-grubber”bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess.學(xué)生的父母可能會(huì)吹噓他的成績(jī)，但很少會(huì)因?yàn)檫^(guò)分關(guān)注他的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)而給自己貼上“grade-grubber”的標(biāo)簽?！@句話中的方式狀語(yǔ)“bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess通過(guò)高度重視自己的學(xué)術(shù)成就”就是該詞的解釋，所以C選項(xiàng)‘一個(gè)癡迷于取得好成績(jī)的學(xué)生’正確。

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問(wèn)‘這篇文章最好的題目是什么?’。在文章開(kāi)頭作者提出問(wèn)題“Areundergraduategradesimportant?"，之后從多個(gè)方面論證了大學(xué)成績(jī)并不是那么重要，高分不能代表財(cái)富和成功。所以用這一句話作為標(biāo)題很恰當(dāng)合適，A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto（

）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey服從，聽(tīng)從；conform遵守，使一致，順從；concede承認(rèn)，退讓；observe觀察，注意到，評(píng)論。句意：所有個(gè)人都必須遵守政府制定的法律。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

_____thewhole,earlyAmericancityplanningwasexcellent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.From

C.On

D.Above

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthewhole指大體上、基本上。句意：整體上來(lái)看，早期美國(guó)城市規(guī)劃很優(yōu)秀。

13.單選題

Itisreportedthatthegovernmentisgoingtoimposeataxonfuelswhich______globalwarming.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributeto

B.tributeto

C.contributeto

D.relateto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。attributeto“把……歸因于”；tributeto“向……致敬”；contributeto“有助于”；relateto“涉及，有關(guān)”。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，由于全球變暖，政府將征收燃料稅。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Ameteorburnsbrightly（）throughtheearth’satmosphere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitdescends

B.asdescending

C.whetheritdescends

D.whendescends

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：流星在穿過(guò)地球大氣層時(shí)閃閃發(fā)光。whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”，排除C。D選項(xiàng)缺少主語(yǔ)，排除D。as后面接動(dòng)詞ing形式表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不符，排除B。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

TheEarth'satmosphererecordedthehugedeclineinthepopulationoftheWesternHemisphereinthe150yearsfollowingthearrivalofColumbusfromSpainin1492.Soldiers,officials,settlersandmerchantsfromEurasiaandslavesfromAfricaunwittinglyintroducedcommondiseasessuchassmallpox(天花)，measles(麻疹)andinfluenzatowhichtheinhabitantsoftheAmericaspossessednoimmunity.Scholarlyestimatesofthetotalnumberofdeathsfromdiseasevarywidely,butthenumbermayhaveexceeded50millionandcertainlywipedout75%ormoreofnativeAmericans.Thisrapiddepopulationofthehemisphereallowedforeststogrowinformerfarmlands.By1610thegrowthofallthosetreeshadsuckedenoughcarbondioxide(CO2)outoftheskytocauseadropofatleastsevenpartspermillioninatmosphericconcentrationsofthemostprominentgreenhousegasandstartalittleiceage.

Basedonthatdramaticshift,SimonLewisandMarkMaslin,BritishecologistsworkingatUniversityCollegeLondon,believe1610shouldbeconsideredthestartingdateofanewgeologicepochcurrentlyunderdiscussionamongearthscientists:theAnthropocene,orrecentageofhumanity.LewisandMaslindubthedecreaseinatmosphericcarbondioxidethe’’OrbisSpike"fromtheLatinforworld,becausesince1492humancivilizationhasprogressivelyglobalized.InapaperpublishedthismonthinNature,theyarguethathumanimpactsontheplanethavebeendramaticenoughtowarrantformalrecognitionoftheAnthropoceneepochandthattheOrbisSpikeshouldserveasthemarkerofitsopening.

TheAnthropoceneisnotanewidea.Asfarbackasthe18thcenturythefirstscientificattempttolayoutachronologyofEarth’sgeologichistoryendedwithahumanepoch.Bythe19thcenturytheideawascommonplace,appearingastheAnthropozoic("humanliferocks")orthe'*EraofMan"ingeologytextbooks.Butbythemiddleofthe20thcentury,theideaoftheHolocene(thetermmeans"entirelyrecent"inGreekdesignatesthemostrecentperiod,datingfrom11,700yearsago,whentheglaciers(冰河)ofthelasticeagereceded)hadcometodominate,recognizinghumansasanimportantelementofthecurrentepoch,butnotthedefiningone.

Thatideaisnolongeradequate,accordingtoscientistsrangingfromgeologiststoclimatologists.Humanimpactshavesimplygrowntoolarge:somescientistspointtothefloodofnitrogen(N)releasedintotheworldbytheinventionoftheHaber-Boschprocess

forwrestingthevitalnutrientfromtheairtosupportagriculture,othersemphasizethefactthatmodempeoplenowmovemoreearthandstonethanalltheworld’sriversputtogether.

Researchershaveadvancedanarrayofproposalsforwhenthisputativenewepochmighthavebegun.Somelinkittothestartofthemassextinctionoflargemammals（卩甫孚L動(dòng)物）suchaswoollymammothsandgiantkangaroossome50,000yearsagoortheadventofagriculturearound10,000yearsago.OtherssaytheAnthropoceneismuchmorerecentandtothebeginningoftheuptickinatmosphericCO2concentrationsaftertheinventionofaneffectivecoal-burningsteamengine.

ThemostprominentcurrentproposalconnectsthedawnoftheAnthropocenetothatofthenuclearage:long-lobedradionuclide（放射性同位素）leavealong-livedrecordintherock.Theboominhumanpopulationandconsumptionofeverythingfromcoppertomaize（玉米）after1950orso,knownasthe"GreatAcceleration",roughlycoincideswiththisnuclearmarker.Sodoestheadventofplasticsandotherremnantsofindustrialsociety,dubbed”technofossils"byJanZalasiewiczoftheUniversityofLeicester,thegeologistwhoheadsthegroupthatispushingforadditionoftheAnthropocenetothestandardgeologictimescale.TheradionuclidescanthenserveaswhatgeologistscallaGlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,morecommonlyknownasa“goldenspike.”Perhapsthemostfamoussuchgoldenspikeisthethinlayerofiridium（Ir）afoundinpockexposednearElKef,Tunisia;itpinpointstheasteroidimpactthatterminatedtheageofthedinosaursandendedtheCretaceousabout65millionyearsago.

LewisandMaslinrejectthisradionuclidespikebecauseitisnottiedtoa*'world-changingevent"--atleastnotyet—althoughitisaclearsignalintherock.Ontheotherhand,theirOrbisSpikein1610reflectsboththemostrecentCO2lowpointandtheredistributionofplantsandanimalsaroundtheworldassociatedwiththeAgeofDiscoveryandtheriseofworldempires,atruechangingoftheworld.Muchlikethegoldenspikethatmarkstheendofthedinosaurs,theproposedOrbisSpikeitselfwouldbetiedtothelowpointofatmosphericCO?concentrationsaround1610,asrecordedinicecores,wheretinytrappedbubblesbetraypastatmospheres.FurthergeologicevidencewillcomefromtheappearanceofmaizepolleninsedimentcorestakeninEuropeandAsiaatthattime,amongotherindicatorsthatwillcomplementtheCO2record.Therefore,scientistslookingaticecores,mudorevenrockwillfindthisepochalshiftinthefuture.

TheCO2dropcoincideswithwhatclimatologistscalltheLittleIceAge.Thatcoolingeventmayhavebeentiedtoregeneratedforestsandotherplantsgrowingonsome50millionhectaresoflandabandonedbyhumansafterthemassdeathbroughtonbydiseaseandwarfare,LewisandMaslinsuggest.Anditwasn'tjustthedeathofmillionsofaboriginalAmericans.Theenslavement（ordeath）ofmanymillionsofAfricansforlaborinthenewlandsmayalsohaveaddedtotheclimateimpact.ThepopulationoftheregionsofwesternAfricamostaffectedbytheNewWorldslavetradedidnotbegintorecoveruntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Inotherwords,from1600to1900areasofthatregionmayhavebeenregrowingforest,enoughtoreduceatmosphericCO?,justliketheregrowthoftheAmazonandthegreatNorthAmericanwoods,althoughthishypothesisremainsinsomedispute.

Howeverdelimited,thenewdesignationwouldmeanwearelivinginanew

Anthropoceneepoch,partoftheQuaternaryperiod,whichstartedmore2.5millionyearsagowiththeadventofthecyclicalgrowthandretreatofmassiveglaciers.TheQuaternaryispartoftheCenozoic("recentlife”)erathatbegan66millionyearsagoandis,inturn,partofthePhanerozoic("revealedlife")eon,whichstarted541millionyearsagoandencompassesallofcomplexlifethathaseverlivedonthisplanet.Intheend,theAnthropocenemightsupplanttheHolocene."Itisdesignatedanepoch,unlikeotherinterglacial,becausebackinthe18thcenturygeologiststhoughthumanswereaveryrecentspecies,arrivingviadi