考研考博-英語-亳州職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-亳州職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

MostpeopledonotknowthatJulietteGordonLow,thefounderoftheGirlScoutsofAmerica,wasdeaf.Shebegantoloseherhearingwhenshewas17,andbecamealmosttotallydeafinheradulthood.

JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetingsandwasveryimpressedbecausethegirlsacquiredmanyusefulskills.Theylearnedhowtocook,knit,tieknotsandgivefirstaid.Theyalsolearnedaboutthehistoryoftheflag.Moreover,theydevelopedimportantsocialskillsastheylearnedhowtoworktogether.Juliettethoughtthatgirlseverywhereshouldhavethisopportunity,soshedecidedtoorganizemoretroops.

JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland.Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.However,Juliettewasaverydeterminedwoman.Whenthewomenrefused,shewouldpretendthatshedidn'tunderstandwhattheysaid.Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.

Juliettealwayspersevereduntilshemotivatedotherstohelpherwithhergoals.OneencounterthatrequiredherpersistencehappenedwhileshewasinScotland.Shewaswalkingalongaroadonedaywhenshecametoastream.Theonlywayacrossthestreamwasbyafootlog,andJuliettewasafraidtocrossitalone.Shewaswonderingwhattodowhenshesawapeddlercomingdowntheroad.Shetoldthepeddlertogoacrossthebridgefirst,andshewouldfollowwithherhandonhisshoulder.Althoughthepeddlerstartedtoprotest,herstubborninsistenceagainpaidoff.Hereluctantlyledheracrossthefootbridge.Oncetheyweresafelyontheotherside,thepeddlerexplainedtoherthathewasblind!

WhenJuliettecamebacktoAmericaforavisit,shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms.

In1913,theGirlGuideschangeditsnametotheGirlScouts.JulietteLowcamebacktoSavannahthatsameyear.ShedecidedthatthereshouldbeGirlScouttroopsallovertheUnitedStates,sosheworkedtowardthatgoal.ThefirstnationalGirlScoutconventionwasheldinWashingtonD.C,onJune10,1915.

JuliettediedinSavannahonJanuary17,1927.Thankstoher,therearenowGirlScoutsallovertheworld.Juliette'shomeinSavannahisanationalGirlScoutcenter.

"Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.”Thissentencemeans（

）.

1.Themainideaofthispassagecanbestbestatedas

（

）.

2.“...JuliettestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsin3.Savannah.”Fromthisstatementwecanassumethat

（

）.

4.Juliettedidthingsinthisorder:

（

）.

5.Afterreadingthepassage,wecanassumethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.thewomenwereeagertohelpherstartGirlGuidestroops

B.thewomenwantedtohelp,buthadsomethingduethattheyneededtoworkon

C.thewomenwereinchargeofotherfamilies

D.thewomendidn'twanttohelpherbecausetheyweretoobusywiththeirfamilies

問題2選項

A.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,useddeterminationandpersistencetostartGirlScouttroopsallovertheworld

B.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,wasverypushyandalwaysgotwhatshewanted

C.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,traveledtomanydifferentplacesinherlifetimebutendedupbackinSavannah

D.withoutJuliette,theGirlScoutswouldstillonlyBritishphenomenon.

問題3選項

A.JuliettelikedtheuniformstheGirlGuideswore

B.otherpeoplesetuptheirowntroopsbecausetheywerejealousofJuliette

C.Juliettehelpedtostartallsixofthesetroops

D.thegirlsinthefirsttrooparguedandhadtobeseparatedintosixdifferenttroops

問題4選項

A.wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

B.watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

C.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings.

D.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

問題5選項

A.Juliettehadtoworkbecauseherhusbanddidn'tmakeenoughmoney

B.Julietteenjoyedbeingbusyandhelpingothers

C.JuliettewantedtobeaGirlGuideherself,butshewastooold

D.Juliette'shusbanddidn'tapproveofherinvolvementinthisassociation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。bereluctantto意為“不愿意，不情愿”，dueto意為“由于”。由文章第三段中的Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities...Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.（由于她不能自己做所有的工作，所以她不得不請其他婦女幫助她。有時，由于家庭責任，這些婦女不愿意花時間……結果，盡管很忙，婦女們還是幫助了她）可知A選項說法不正確，這些婦女剛開始的時候并不樂意幫助她，B選項與duetofamilyresponsibilities不符，故排除，C選項在文中沒有提及，故排除，因此選D。

2.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了JulietteLow雖然耳朵聽不到，但她一直為在世界各地建立女童子軍堅持不懈地努力，因此選A。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.（她在家鄉(xiāng)薩凡納組建了第一支女童子軍。六個月后，當她回到英國時，薩凡納有六支女童子軍）可知C選項說法不正確，Juliette只組建了一支女童子軍，故排除；A選項文中沒有提及，故排除；在根據(jù)后面的Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms（那時，女孩們各自制作了自己的制服）可知D選項“第一個女童子軍團的女孩因爭論，不得不分成六支軍團”最為恰當。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetings和第三段中的JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland內(nèi)容可知Juliette先是嫁給了William，然后再去的英國，在那里她對GirlGuidesAssociation產(chǎn)生了興趣并仔細觀察她們的會議，最后她組建了自己的女童子軍，因此選D。

5.推理判斷題。文章中只提到了Juliette耳朵聽不到，嫁給了William，就沒有Juliette的其他信息，故排除A、D，C選項文章也沒有提及，只能通過Juliette為建立女童子軍所做的努力，推測她是一個樂于助人的人，因此選B。

2.單選題

Shesaidthatshehad（

）couragetofight（

）brutalmanbecauseshehad（

）supportfrom（

）Lord.

問題1選項

A.the....a...the.../

B./...a...the..../

C.a...a...the...the

D.the...a...the....the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠詞的用法。courage是不可數(shù)名詞，用the修飾;man是可數(shù)名詞，且上文沒有提及過，用不定冠詞修飾;support指從Lord那里得到的支持，特指，用the修飾；Lord是專有名詞，且獨一無二，用the修飾。因此，選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.

問題1選項

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項philosophy“哲學，哲理”；B選項manner“方式，習慣”；C選項personality“個性，品格”；D選項idealism“唯心主義”。句意：經(jīng)歷了生活中的種種艱辛，他成為了一個著名的有著明顯個性的小丑。選項C符合語境。

4.單選題

Themilitaryoperation（）yesterdayweretargetedatthemilitaryinstallations.

問題1選項

A.propelled

B.commenced

C.plagued

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項propelled“推動，驅使”；B選項commenced“開始”；C選項plagued“困擾，折磨”；D選項modulated“調接，調動”。句意：昨天_____的軍事行動是針對軍事設施的。這里表達的意思是“昨天開始執(zhí)行的軍事行動”，因此B選項符合題意。

5.翻譯題

1.社會需要競爭，因為它的發(fā)展基于優(yōu)勝劣汰。

2.在過去的十幾年里，可能沒有任何其他話題比領導藝術更受到管理研究者的關注。

3.必須采取更嚴厲的措施來防止假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品充斥市場。

4.沒有現(xiàn)代科技的運用，我們國家的工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和國防現(xiàn)代化的實現(xiàn)是難以想象的。

5.我們正享受著前所未有的生產(chǎn)力，但這并不意味著我們有權利奢侈浪費。

【答案】1.TheSocietyneedscompetitionbecauseitsdevelopmentisbasedontheprincipalofthesurvivalofthefittest.

2.Inthelastdecadeorso,perhapsnoothertopichasreceivedmoreattentionfrommanagementresearchersthantheartofleadership.

3.Moreseveremeasuresmustbetakentopreventfakeandinferiorproductsfromfloodingintothemarket.

4.Withouttheapplicationofmodernscienceandtechnology,themodernizationofourcountry’sindustry,agricultureandnationaldefenseisbeyondimagination.

5.Weareenjoyingunprecedentedlevelsofproductivity,butthatdoesn’tmeanthatwehavetherighttobeextravagant.

6.單選題

Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.ThisistheunorthodoxviewofaGermansoilscientistwhohasshownthatburntclearingsintheAmazon,datingbackmorethan1,000years,helpedcreatepatchesofrich,fertilesoilthatfarmersstillbenefitfromtoday.

Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.Thismeanstopsoilcontainsfewoftheingredientsneededforlong-termsuccessfulfanning.

ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.Thesesoilscontainlotsoforganicmatter.Glaserhasshownthatmostofthisfertileorganicmattercomesfrom"blackcarbon"——theorganicparticlesfromcampfiresandcharred（燒成炭的）woodleftoverfromthousandsofyearsofslash-and-burnfanning.“Thesoils,knownasTerraPreta,containedupto70timesmoreblackcarbonthanthesurroundingsoil，”saysGlaser.Unbumtvegetationrotsquickly,butblackcarbonpersistsinthesoilformanycenturies.RadiocarbondatingshowsthatthecharredwoodinTerraPretasoilsistypicallymorethan1,000yearsold.

“Slash-and-burnfarmingcanbegoodforsoilsprovideditdoesn’tcompletelyburnallthevegetation,andleavesbehindcharredwood,”saysGlaser.“Itcanbebetterthanmanure（糞肥）Burningtheforestjustoncecanleavebehindenoughblackcarbontokeepthesoilfertileforthousandsofyears.Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.Contrarytotheconventionalviewthathumanactivitiesdamagetheenvironment,Glasersays:“BlackcarboncombinedwithhumanwastesisresponsiblefortherichnessofTerraPretasoils.”

TerraPretasoilsturnupinlargepatchesallovertheAmazon,wheretheyarehighlyprizedbyfanners.Allthepatchesfallwithin500squarekilometersinthecentralAmazon.Glasersaysthewidespreadpresenceofpotteryconfirmsthesoil’shumanorigins.ThefindingsaddweighttothetheorythatlargeareasoftheAmazonhaverecoveredsowellfrompastperiodsofagriculturalusethattheregrowthhasbeenmistakenbygenerationsofbiologistsfor“virgin”forest.Duringthepastdecade,researchershavediscoveredhundredsoflargeearthworksdeepinthejungle.Theyareupto20metershighandcoveruptoasquarekilometer.Glaserclaimsthattheseearthworks,builtbetweenAD400and1400,wereattheheartofurbancivilizations.NowitseemstherichnessoftheTerraPretasoilsmayexplainhowsuchcivilizationsmanagedtofeedthemselves.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatthetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarmingisthat（

）.

2.Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecause

（

）.

3.Glasermadehisdiscoveryby

（

）.

4.WhatdoesGlasersayabouttheregrowthofrain-forests?

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.itdoesnoharmtothetopsoiloftherain-forest

B.itdestroysrainforestsoils

C.ithelpsimproverain-forestsoils

D.itdiminishestheorganicmatterinrain-forestsoils

問題2選項

A.thecompositionofthetopsoilisratherunstable

B.blackcarboniswashedawaybyheavyrains

C.organicmatterisquicklylostduetoheatandrain

D.long-termfarminghasexhaustedtheingredientsessentialtoplantgrowth

問題3選項

A.studyingpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon

B.examiningpotteryleftoverbyancientcivilizations

C.test-burningpatchesoftreesinthecentralAmazon

D.radiocarbon-datingingredientscontainedinforestsoils

問題4選項

A.Theytakecenturiestoregrowafterbeingburnt.

B.Theycannotrecoverunlessthevegetationisburntcompletely.

C.Theirregrowthwillbehamperedbyhumanhabitation.

D.Theycanrecovereasilyafterslash-and-burnfarming.

問題5選項

A.humanactivitieswilldogravedamagetorain-forests

B.Amazonrain-forestsoilsusedtobetherichestintheworld

C.farmingisresponsibleforthedestructionoftheAmazonrain-forests

D.thereonceexistedanurbancivilizationintheAmazonrain-forests

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干可知，我們需要找的是“thetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarming對于刀耕火種的傳統(tǒng)觀點”，這一信息出現(xiàn)在文章第一段“Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.低水平的刀耕火種并不會損害雨林。相反，它有助于農(nóng)民和改善森林土壤?！蔽闹谐霈F(xiàn)了onthecontrary就說明出現(xiàn)了觀點對比，且后面補充說到“Thisistheunorthodoxview這是一種非正統(tǒng)的觀點”因此本句就是與傳統(tǒng)觀點相悖的地方。由此推出傳統(tǒng)觀點“刀耕火種會損害雨林”。B選項“它破壞雨林土壤”符合題意。

2.事實細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵信息“thinandpoor薄且貧瘠”定位到文章第二段第一句“Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.大多數(shù)雨林土壤都很貧瘠，因為它們?nèi)狈ΦV物質，而且高溫和強降雨會在土壤中的大部分有機物到達森林地面后的四年內(nèi)將其破壞?！币虼嗽蛟谟诟邷睾蛷娊涤陼雇寥乐杏袡C物質迅速流失，這一點與C選項同義。

3.事實細節(jié)題。Glaser的研究結論由何而來，由題干定位到第三段第一句“ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.但是，拜羅伊特大學的土壤科學家布魯諾?格拉澤(BrunoGlaser)研究了亞馬遜中部出人意料的肥沃土壤?！闭f明Glaser是研究了亞馬遜中部意外發(fā)現(xiàn)的肥沃土壤才有了上述結論，因此A選項“研究亞馬遜中部的肥沃土壤”正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。題干關鍵信息“theregrowthofrain-forests雨林的再生”出現(xiàn)在文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句“Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.雨林在小規(guī)模的清理后很容易再生?！睂Ρ人膫€選項發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項“在刀耕火種后，他們很容易恢復。”符合文意。

5.判斷推理題。A選項“人類活動將對熱帶雨林造成嚴重破壞”不符合文意，本文只是論述“刀耕火種創(chuàng)造的肥沃土壤使亞馬遜中的文明得以存在”這一觀點；B選項“亞馬遜雨林的土壤曾經(jīng)是世界上最肥沃的”文中并未提及；C選項“農(nóng)業(yè)對亞馬遜雨林的破壞負有責任”不屬于文章論述的主要觀點；D選項“在亞馬遜雨林中曾經(jīng)存在著一種城市文明”出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)亞馬遜雨林中存在陶器及上百座大土方，推知古代在這里存在過人類文明。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

Whentheclasswasover,theywentbacktotheir（

）dormitories.

問題1選項

A.complacent

B.respectable

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complacent意為“自滿的，自鳴得意的”；respectable意為“得體的，值得尊敬的”；respective意為“各自的，分別的”；respectful意為“有禮貌的”。

句意：下課后，他們回到各自的宿舍去了。

8.單選題

（）inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

問題1選項

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.To

【答案】C

【解析】句意:陷入沉思后，他幾乎撞到前面的那輛車了。

語法題?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)題干可知,空格處應為一個非謂語動詞?！跋萑氤了肌癁椤皊b.belostinthought”，即非謂語動詞省略“主語和be動詞”,此處是動詞lose的過去分詞形式做伴隨狀語。答案選C。

9.單選題

（）pollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manyindustrieshesitatetoadoptthem.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.However

C.Because

D.Onaccountof

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關系。A選項Although“盡管，雖然；但是，然而”；B選項however“無論如何；不管怎樣；然而；可是”；C選項Because“因為，由于”；D選項Onaccountof“由于；因為；為了……的緣故”。句意：（）污染控制措施是昂貴的，許多工業(yè)猶豫采取它們。根據(jù)句意可知前半句是表示原因，但是Onaccountof不接從句，因此C選項正確。

10.填空題

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Eyefix-actionsarebrief

B.Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude

C.Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal

D.Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact

E.Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated

F.Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers

G.Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive

Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:

1.（

）

Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom,"Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.

2.（

）

NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.

3.（

）

Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations.Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.

4.（

）

Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.

5.（

）

Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues."Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer."Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.

【答案】1.C

2.E

3.G

4.A

5.D

【解析】1.本段第三句說了，“canbeacomplimentarysignificantofpayingattention”，此外本段最后一句也說：眼神接觸和微笑能signalavailabilityandconfidence發(fā)送可用性和自信的信號，都說明眼神接觸是個友善的社交信號。因此選C。

2.本段第一句就出現(xiàn)了hormone荷爾蒙，此外，本段中出現(xiàn)的oxytocin催產(chǎn)素，high-functioning高功能，autisticspectrumsymptoms自閉癥譜系癥狀等詞都說明是在聊生物因素。最后一句中還有explore探索，brainscanning腦部掃描。所以選E。

3.本段第一句就說了eyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessage,dependingonthesituation眼神接觸根據(jù)不同情況會發(fā)出不同的訊息。下一句主干說在不利環(huán)境中，會與dominance支配orintimidation恫嚇有關聯(lián)。因此G為正確答案。

4.本段第一句就提到了time，第二句清楚地說到了Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond，通常每秒三次，充分說明很快，時間很短，所以選A。

5.第一句話中就有personality。在引用中轉折之后，說到“butthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer人們腦部反應不同”，最后一句話更加明確說到高負能量的人更覺得被人直視令人不舒服。因此選D。

11.單選題

Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely（）.

問題1選項

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項unjustified表示“不公正的；不必要的”，B選項unjust表示“非正義的”，C選項misguided表示“被誤導的”，D選項unaccepted表示“未被接納的；被拒絕的；不承擔的”。根據(jù)句意可知，這部電影的受歡迎程度表明審核員的擔心是完全沒必要的。因此，A選項最符合原文句意，故本題最佳答案為A選項。

12.單選題

They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.

問題1選項

A.enclosure

B.restriction

C.blockade

D.prohibition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項enclosure“圍墻，圍場”；B選項restriction“限制，約束”；C選項blockade“包圍，封鎖”；D選項prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“經(jīng)濟封鎖”。句意：他們解除了對該國長達兩年的經(jīng)濟封鎖。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

13.單選題

Lookatthismess!IfonlyI（

）youradvice.

問題1選項

A.follow

B.hadfollowed

C.wouldfollow

D.havefollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣語法。Ifonly引導虛擬條件句，題目是對過去的虛擬，要用“haddone”結構，句意：看看這一片混亂！但愿我之前聽從了你的建議就好了。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Whilethecompanyportrayeditsactionsinthedevastatedcityaspurely______itcouldnotshakeaccusationsofselfishnessandopportunism.

問題1選項

A.acquisitive

B.penurious

C.apropos

D.altruistic

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.acquisitive渴求獲取財物的，貪婪的B.penurious貧窮的，窮困的

C.apropos恰好的，恰當?shù)腄.altruistic利他的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句意“不能擺脫自私和機會主義的指責”可知，該公司的行為并不是像其宣稱的“純粹的利他主義”。因此，該題選擇D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句子意思。

【句意】雖然該公司將其在這座被摧毀的城市的行為描述為純粹的利他主義，但它無法擺脫自私和機會主義的指責。

15.案例題

ToyotaRecallsToyotaMotorhasalwaysbeenfanaticalaboutfrugality,andformanyyearsthatwasgoodforboththecompanyanditscustomers.ThisisaJapanesecarmakerthatroutinelyturneddowntheheatatitsemployeedormitoriesduringworkinghoursandlabeledphotocopymachineswiththecostpercopytodiscourageoveruse.Itsengineerscollaboratedwithsupplierstoextractcost-savingswithoutcompromisingquality.YetbythemiddleofthelastdecadeToyota'svirtuehadbecomeavice.

SosaycurrentandformerautoexecutiveswhoaretryingtograsphowToyota,withitsgold-platedreputationforengineeringexcellence,slippeduponsuchascale,with8millioncarsrecalledduetomechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deaths.Beforecompanyofficialsknewthatrunawayaccelerationwascausingcrashes,oneoftheseexecutivessays,asimplemanufacturingprocesswouldsometimesignitesmallfiresinacomponentasadirectresultofcomer-cutting,itwasjustoneearlysignthatthefocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar.

Thoseproductionmishapsoccurredin2006,ayearaftercompanyPresidentKatsuakiWatanabeboastedabouthavingsqueezedmorethan$10billionfromglobaloperatingcostsintheprevioussixyears—thisdespiteanimpressiverunofprofitgrowthandglobalmaricetsharegainsinthemiddleofthelastdecade.ThenToyotapushedevenharderformorecuts.ItaskedsupplierstodesignpartsforitsCamiymidsizesedanthatwere10%cheaperand10%lighter.Thecompany'stopU.S.executive,JimPress,warnedhisbossesinJapanthatvehiclequalitywasslipping,accordingtoaslidepresentationU.S.Senateinvestigatorsunearthedintheirsudden-accelerationprobe.Buthiswarninghadnoapparenteffect.

TheredesignedCamrybroughtoutin2006hadanembarrassingflawinitsheadliner,thefabricandcompositeliningthatcoverstheinsideroofofthecar.Underpressuretocutcosts,theleadCamrysupplier,Toyota-afTiliatedToyotaBoshoku,choseacarbonfibermaterialthathadn'tbeenapprovedbyToyotaengineers,accordingtoanexecutivewhoworkedontheredesign.Theheadlinerismadebycompressinglayersofmaterialstogetherusingacertainamountofheattomoldit.Inthiscase,thecarbonfiberrequiredsomuchheatthattheheadlinerwouldcatchfire.

Toyotafixedthatproblem,butwhenaNorthAmericanpartssupplierinterestedinworkingwiththeautomakerdidateardownofa2007Camry,itsengineersweresurprisedbyhowmuchthetraditionalToyotacraftsmanshiphadbeenwatereddownbyyearsofnipsandtucks.Thepaddingintheceilingofthecar,thoughcompliantwithsafetyregulations,hadbeenthinnedouttosavemoney.Atrayforsunglassesusedaflimsiertypeofplasticthanpreviousmodels.“Itwasabare-bonescaratthatpoint,”saysoneexecutivewhodeclinedtobeidentifiedforfearofharmingbusinesstieswithToyota.

Toyotainsistsitsfocusoncosthasn'thurtconsumers.“It’snottruethatbyreducingcostyouautomaticallyreducequality,"saidJimWiseman,Toyota’svice-presidentforNorthAmericancorporatecommunications.“Everyautomakerhastostaycompetitiverelativetoprice.”

True,butprobablynotwiththeintensityToyotabroughttocost-cuttingandrapidexpansionunderthreesuccessivepresidents:HiroshiOkuda(1995-1999),FujiCho(1999-2005),andWatanabe(2005to2009).Toyotaexecutiveswillspendyearsmoppingupaftertheirmess.

Atlastcount,thecompanyfaced109classactionsand32individualcasesfiledincourtsintheU.S.andCanada.(Inawell-publicizedincidentonMar.8,theownerofa2008PriuslostcontrolofhiscaronaCaliforniainterstatehighwayandhadtoberescuedbypolice.)

WhatarethecausesforToyota’sglobalrecalls?Identifyboththedirectanddeepercauses.(8points)

Thiscaseillustratedtheproblemsofthegoalattainmentviewoforganizationaleffectiveness.Defineorganizationaleffectivenessanddiscussthelimitationsofthegoalattainmentview.(10points)

WhatdoyouthinkanorganizationcanlearnfromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness?(8points)

【答案】ThedirectcausesaremechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deathsandthedeepercausesarethatToyotaMotor’sfocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar,sothatthequalityofitsvehicleslipped.

Organizationaleffectivenessistheconceptofhoweffectiveanorganizationisinachievingtheoutcomestheorganizationintendstoproduce,andthelimitationofgoalattainmentviewisthatwesometimessetsomegoalswhicharebeyondourcurrentcapacity.

FromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness,anorganizationcanlearnthatweshouldnotsetanygoalwhichisbeyondourcurrentcapacityorsacrificesomething,suchasthequalityofvehiclementionedinthispassage,toattainsomeunpracticalgoals,otherwise,therewillbeseriousconsequences.

16.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問題1選項

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。soared“飄升”；mutated“變化；突變”；plummeted“驟降”；fluctuated“波動”，根據(jù)lowestlevel“最低水平”可知此處應該填plummeted。句意：根據(jù)最近的報告，消費者信任度上個月驚人的……15個點，達到九年中最低值。故正確答案為選項C。

17.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.