考研考博-英語-北京印刷學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京印刷學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thepaintontheclown’sface（）thatitscaredthechildrenhewastryingtoentertain.

問題1選項

A.wassoexaggeration

B.wereanexaggeration

C.wassuchanexaggeration

D.wasexaggerating

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)后面的that可知，這里考查so（such）…that...的句型。so后面接形容詞或副詞，such后接名詞。exaggeration為名詞，所以選項C正確。

2.單選題

WhenSally______thecriminal______herhouse,shescreamedatthetopofhervoicebecauseshedidn’twant______.

問題1選項

A.saw;enter;killed

B.sees;enter,killing

C.sees;entering;bekilled

D.saw;enter;tobekilled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.saw;enter;killed看見；進(jìn)去；被殺B.sees;enter,killing看見；進(jìn)去；殺

C.sees;entering;bekilled看見；進(jìn)去；被殺D.saw;enter;tobekilled看見；進(jìn)去；被殺

【考查點】時態(tài)和固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)screamed可知，時間發(fā)生在過去，所以第一個空格填入saw，而sawsb.dosth.表示“看見某人做了某事”，所以第二個空格填入enter原形；want的搭配是wanttodo（想要做某事），she和kill之間是被動，故用tobekilled，所以該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

A、B項不符合語態(tài)；

C項不符合搭配。

【句意】當(dāng)莎莉看到罪犯進(jìn)入她的房子時，她聲嘶力竭地尖叫起來，因為她不想被罪犯殺掉。

3.單選題

Ⅵ.Internationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasse.Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.Thecomplexityofquestionsabouthumanimpactsontheenvironmentandhowtodecreaseormitigatethemcallsforahighdegreeofspecialization,whileatthesametimerequiringcoordinatedactiononanumberoffronts.Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.Itbecomesincreasinglydifficulttodiscerntheparticularcontributionthatlawcanmaketoenvironmentalprotectionasittakesontheroleofhandmaidentoscience,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems.

Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend;andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.Furthermore,alargenumberofgeneralprinciplesandregime-specificstandardstaketheformofsoftlaw.Attemptstofleshoutaseriesofgeneralrightsandobligationsforstates(andpotentiallyforotheractors,aswell)havebeenongoing,butthoseeffortsseemtohavefalteredwiththepublicationbytheInternationalLawCommission(ILC)ofthe2001DraftArticlesonPreventionofTransboundaryHarmfromHazardousActivitiesandthe2006DraftPrinciplesontheAllocationofLossinthecaseofTransboundaryHarmarisingoutofHazardousActivities.

1.InternationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasseNOTbecause___.

2.Internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedapathfrom___to___.

3.Koskenniemiusesenvironmentallawtoillustrate___.

4.Betweenthetwoendsofinternationalenvironmentallaware___.

問題1選項

A.thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems

B.theunderlyingcausesofthedegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits

C.scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly

D.politicalauthoritieshavenowishtostrictlyregulateenvironment

問題2選項

A.generalrules,clumsyfashion

B.generalrules,interactingwitheachother

C.generalrules,highlyspecializedregimes

D.generalrules,science,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems

問題3選項

A.generallawofstateresponsibility

B.thedemoralizationoflaw

C.theincreasedresorttosoftlaw

D.theheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing

問題4選項

A.seriesofproceduralrules

B.generalprinciples

C.highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandards

D.largelyuninfluentialrules

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.（對環(huán)境退化及其原因的科學(xué)認(rèn)識迅速演變。這種退化的根本原因往往是帶來重大社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的活動，其結(jié)果是政治當(dāng)局無意禁止或嚴(yán)格管制這些活動；激勵結(jié)構(gòu)往往構(gòu)成一種更有前途的途徑）可知D選項“政治當(dāng)局不希望嚴(yán)格管理環(huán)境”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的結(jié)果，B選項“退化的根本原因往往是那些帶來重大社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的活動”和C選項“對環(huán)境退化及其原因的科學(xué)認(rèn)識迅速演變”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因；第一段Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.（這不足為奇：環(huán)境問題的復(fù)雜性，即使撇開潛在的社會、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素考慮，也是驚人的）可知A選項“環(huán)境問題的復(fù)雜性”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因。因此D選項符合題意。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.（鑒于這些挑戰(zhàn)，國際環(huán)境法遵循了一條似乎無可避免的軌跡：從模糊性往往妨礙其有用性的一般規(guī)則，到高度專門化的技術(shù)制度，側(cè)重于界定較窄的現(xiàn)象，并以相當(dāng)遲疑和呆滯的方式相互作用，以及最近加速跨國，包括非國家，體制建設(shè)）可知一般規(guī)則是和高度專門化的技術(shù)制度相對應(yīng)，選C選項“一般規(guī)則，高度專業(yè)化的制度”；A選項“一般規(guī)則，呆滯的方式”，B選項“一般規(guī)則，相互作用”所提到的內(nèi)容不是互為對應(yīng)項，D選項“一般規(guī)則、科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、倫理和其他社會制度”內(nèi)有內(nèi)容未提及。因此C選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Koskenniemi”定位到原文第二段開頭Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.（在他討論的管理思維和法律的道德敗壞，Koskenniemi經(jīng)常借鑒環(huán)境法律，尤其是雕刻的實現(xiàn)和國家責(zé)任的一般法律合規(guī)程序，采取軟法的增加，嚴(yán)重依賴公平的平衡）可知選B選項“法律的道德敗壞”；A選項“國家責(zé)任的一般法律”，C選項“增加對軟法律的求助”以及D選項“嚴(yán)重依賴公平平衡”都是借鑒所舉的例子。因此B選項正確。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第二段andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.（以及在這兩端之間一系列可能有用但不明確（不幸的是，基本上沒有影響力）的程序規(guī)則）可知選A選項“一系列程序規(guī)則”，根據(jù)原文可知兩端之間是一系列程序規(guī)則，可能有用但不明確以及不幸的是，基本上沒有影響力都是用于修飾程序規(guī)則，而D選項“基本上沒有影響的規(guī)則”錯誤，該選項只提到了修飾成分，但是核心部分從程序規(guī)則變成了規(guī)則，和原文的范圍不符合；根據(jù)原文Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend（對國際環(huán)境法架構(gòu)的簡要概述顯示，在一端是模糊的、一般的原則；在另一端的專門制度一級闡明了非常詳細(xì)和技術(shù)性的規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）可知B選項“一般原則”以及C選項“非常詳細(xì)和技術(shù)性的規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”分別是兩端的內(nèi)容，不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

What’stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China?India!Brazil?Howabouttrade?

WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.

Butthere’sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.

Therisingvolumeoftrade—moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates—isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,andlogisticshaveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets—whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.

Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM’sbalancesheetandhencemakestheJobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.

OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That’stobeexpected,givenwhatwe’vebeenthrough.Butthere’sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndiaorBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit’snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.

Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.

1.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?

3.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?

4.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

5.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?

問題1選項

A.ItreflectsAmerican’spreferenceforimportedgoods.

B.ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.

C.ItistheresultofAmerican’sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.

D.Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.

問題2選項

A.ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased

B.ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.

C.Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.

D.Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.

問題3選項

A.Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.

B.Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.

C.Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.

D.Retailerdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.

問題4選項

A.Competitionfromoverseas.

B.People’sreluctancetospend

C.Slacktradeactivities

D.Decreasingproductivity

問題5選項

A.Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.

B.Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.

C.Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.

D.Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.”，可知悲觀主義者認(rèn)為，如果這種失衡繼續(xù)下去，可能會導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長放緩?？膳袛喑霰^主義者認(rèn)為美國6月份的貿(mào)易逆差導(dǎo)致國民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長放緩。因此選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.”，可知過去兩年，進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù)似乎沒有顯示出二次衰退的跡象，即美國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動水平的再次下降，而數(shù)據(jù)顯示是經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張?？膳袛喑鰧τ趦赡甑馁Q(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)，表明美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動有所增加。因此選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.”，可知對那些從事貿(mào)易行業(yè)的人來說，貿(mào)易上漲也是一個好消息，尤其是那些生產(chǎn)大宗商品，這些商品的價格由全球的需求多決定，如農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、礦業(yè)、金屬和石油?？膳袛喑觯Q(mào)易上漲最受益的是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和原材料生產(chǎn)者。因此選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一二句，“OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.”，可知美國經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的一個巨大挑戰(zhàn)是國內(nèi)消費需求疲軟。美國人正在償還債務(wù)，增加儲蓄，從而更加謹(jǐn)慎地消費?？膳袛喑雒绹?jīng)濟(jì)面臨的最大的挑戰(zhàn)是人們不愿意消費。因此選項B符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.”，可知作者提出那些沒有增加、沒有更多參與國外市場、沒有在全球貿(mào)易中發(fā)揮作用的公司和個人，正在把自己推離于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會的最大份額之外?？膳袛喑鲎髡呤墙ㄗh公司和個人更多參與國外市場和國際貿(mào)易，以此來增加海外的市場份額。因此選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（

）atdifferentvillages.

問題1選項

A.constantly

B.continually

C.continuously

D.gradually

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項constantly“不斷地，時常地”，側(cè)重于事件發(fā)生的穩(wěn)定性和持續(xù)性以及經(jīng)久不變的狀態(tài)；B選項continually“不停地，持續(xù)地，頻繁地”，側(cè)重于一段時間內(nèi)多次發(fā)生、時斷時續(xù)或中斷時間很短而又接連發(fā)生的狀態(tài)；C選項continuously“連續(xù)不斷地”，側(cè)重在時間、物質(zhì)或廣度上沒有間斷的；D選項gradually“逐步地，漸漸地”。由“我們的行程很慢，因為火車_____在不同的村中?？俊笨芍@種?？渴窃凇拔覀兊男谐讨小卑l(fā)生的，是在一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的，因此B選項符合語境。句意：我們的行程很慢，因為火車頻繁地在不同的村中?？俊?/p>

6.單選題

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don’thavesmallchildrenandgetalong________tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

問題1選項

A.sowell

B.toowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：這個解決方案只對那些自由工作者，沒有小孩且在一起的時候大部分時間都相處得（）的夫妻來說有用。結(jié)合選項這里詞意要填“很好”，所以不能選B選項，因為too…to是“太……而不能”；C，D選項則會把因果倒置“因為相處得好所以大部分時間待在一起”。so…to“太……而”這個搭配與too…to的意思相對，答案選A。

7.問答題

Amongtheprincipalchallengestosustainedgrowthofinternationaleconomicrelationsisthe

A

risenprotectionism,especiallyinnewandvirulentformsthatthreatenthealwaysfragilegrowth

B

C

D

oftradebetweencountriesatalllevelsofdevelopment.

【答案】試題答案：B;rising

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。risen意為“升起的”，rising意為“上升的”，此處表示指上升的保護(hù)主義。

8.單選題

Everyoneknowsthatthespeedofanairplane___thatofaship.

問題1選項

A.transplants

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.transplants移植B.transfers轉(zhuǎn)移

C.transcends勝過，超越D.transforms轉(zhuǎn)換

【考查點】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處的that指代的是speed，也就是說比較飛機(jī)與船的速度。C選項transcends“勝過，超越”符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】大家都知道飛機(jī)的速度快于輪船的速度。

9.單選題

Awar,eveniffoughtforindividuallibertyanddemocraticrights,usuallyrequiresthattheseprinciplesbesuspended,fortheyare（

）theregimentationanddisciplinenecessaryformilitaryefficiency.

問題1選項

A.contraryto

B.incompatiblewith

C.fulfilledthrough

D.disruptiveof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。becontraryto“與······相反”；befulfilledthrough“通過來實現(xiàn)”；beincompatiblewith“與······不兼容”；bedisruptiveof“對······造成破壞的”。句意：即使是為了個人自由和民主權(quán)力而戰(zhàn)，戰(zhàn)爭通常要求這些原則被暫停，因為它們與作戰(zhàn)效率所需的嚴(yán)格控制和紀(jì)律不相容。由theseprinciplesbesuspended可知這些原則與作戰(zhàn)紀(jì)律不相容，故B項正確。

10.翻譯題

這個電壓為原來的2/5。

【答案】Thisvoltageistwo-fifthoftheoriginalvoltage.

11.單選題

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

問題1選項

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項perceive“察覺，感知”；B選項deceive“欺騙”；C選項conceive“設(shè)想，構(gòu)思，認(rèn)為”；D選項receive“接收”。根據(jù)句意“我察覺到他的腿有點跛，所以我放慢了腳步?！边x項A符合句意。

12.單選題

Employeesare（）tojointhecompany’spensionplanafterayear’sservice.

問題1選項

A.compelled

B.acquired

C.responded

D.rejected

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。compel“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；acquire“獲得”；respond“回應(yīng)”；reject“拒絕”。句意：雇員被強(qiáng)制要求在工作一年后，必須參加公司的養(yǎng)老金計劃。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Tobesure,thatisnotwhatmanysee.FederalReserveBoardChairmanBenBernankeandothershaveblamedthefinancialcrisisof2008onaglobalsavingsglut,whichfueledflowsofmoneyfromhigh-savingsemerging-marketeconomies—especiallyinAsia—thatrunchronicbalance-of-paymentssurpluses.Accordingtothisschoolofthought,excessivesavingspushedlong-terminterestratesdowntorock-bottomlevels,leadingtoassetbubblesintheUnitedStatesandelsewhere.

Thealternativetheory—ofaglobalcreditglut—gainedmoregroundwiththereleaselastweekoftheFinancialStabilityBoard’sreportonshadowbanking.TheFSBreportcontainsstartlingrevelationsaboutthescaleofglobalshadowbanking,whichitdefinesas“creditintermediationinvolvingentitiesandactivitiesoutsidetheregularbankingsystem”.

Thereport,whichwasrequestedbyG20leadersattheirsummitinSeoullastNovember,foundthatbetween2002and2007,theshadowbankingsystemincreasedby$33trillion,morethandoublinginassetsizefrom$27trillionto$60trillion.Thisis8.5timeshigherthanthetotalUScurrent—accountdeficitof$3.9trillionduringthesameperiod.

Theshadowbankingsystemisestimatedatroughly25%-30%oftheglobalfinancialsystem($250trillion,excludingderivatives)andathalfoftotalglobalbankingassets.Thisrepresentsahugeregulatory“blackhole”atthecenteroftheglobalfinancialsystem,hithertonotcloselymonitoredformonetaryandfinancialstabilitypurposes.Itsimportancewasexposedonlybyanalysisofthekeyrolesplayedbystructuredinvestmentvehicles(SIVs)andmoney-marketfunds(MMFs)inthe2008meltdown.

Theshadowbankingsystemiscomplex,becauseitcomprisesamixofinstitutionsandvehicles.InvestmentfundsotherthanMMFsaccountfor29%oftotal,andSIVsmakeup9%,buttheshadowsystemalsoincludespublicfinancialinstitutions(suchasthegovernment-backedmortgagelenderFannieMaeintheUS).Theyaresomeofthelargestcounterpartieswiththeregularbankingsystem,andtheircombinedcreditcreationandproprietarytradingandhedgingmayaccountformuchofthegloballiquidityflowsthatmakemonetaryandfinancialstabilitysodifficulttoensure.

Thetroubleisthat,by2010,theshadowbankingsystemwasaboutthesamesizeasitwasjustbeforethe2007marketcrash,whereastheregulatedglobalbankingsystemwas18%largerthanin2007.ThatiswhytheFSBreportpinpointstheshadowbankingsystem,togetherwiththelargeglobalbanks,assourcesofsystemicrisk.Buttheglobalproblemislikelytobemuchlargerthanthesumofitsparts.Specifically,globalcreditcreationbytheregularandshadowbankingsystemsislikelytobesignificantlylargerthanthesumofthecreditcreationcurrentlymeasuredbynationalstatistics.

21.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

22.ThegloballiquidityflowsincludethefollowingEXCEPT________.

23.AccordingtothereportrequestedbyG20leaders,howmuchmoneyintotalfortheshadowbankingsystembefore2008meltdown?

24.Asthepassageindicates,whatistheroughfigureforthetotalglobalbankingassetsjustbeforethe2007marketcrash?

25.Thewords“proprietarytrading”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.CreditGlutorSavingGlut

B.ThecomingGlobalCreditGlut

C.TheRegularandShadowBankingSystems

D.MonetaryandFinancialStability

問題2選項

A.money-marketfunds(MMFs)

B.structuredinvestmentvehicles(SIVs)

C.thecombinedcreditcreation

D.proprietarytradingandhedgingfund

問題3選項

A.$17.4trillion

B.$27trillion

C.$3.9trillion

D.$60trillion

問題4選項

A.$250trillion

B.$5.4trillion

C.$33trillion

D.$120trillion

問題5選項

A.haircut

B.carrytrade

C.usingthefirm’sowncapital

D.highfrequencytrading(HFT)

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】21.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句aglobalcreditglut—gainedmoreground（全球信貸過剩——得到了更多的支持），后文對此展開討論，根據(jù)文章最后一句Specifically,globalcreditcreationbytheregularandshadowbankingsystemsislikelytobesignificantlylargerthanthesumofthecreditcreationcurrentlymeasuredbynationalstatistics.（具體來說，常規(guī)銀行和影子銀行系統(tǒng)在全球創(chuàng)造的信貸很可能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于目前國家統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)所衡量的信貸創(chuàng)造總量。），可知文章在預(yù)測全球信貸過剩，所以B選項“即將到來的全球信貸過剩”正確。A選項“信貸過剩還是儲蓄過?！保哼@只是文章開頭的不同觀點來引入主題，不是主要內(nèi)容，故錯誤。C選項“常規(guī)銀行系統(tǒng)和影子銀行系統(tǒng)”和D選項“貨幣和金融穩(wěn)定”：都是主要內(nèi)容的部分內(nèi)容，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

22.語義推測題。根據(jù)第五段第二句InvestmentfundsotherthanMMFsaccountfor29%oftotal,andSIVsmakeup9%（除MMFs之外的投資基金占總數(shù)的29%，SIVs占9%），可知B選項“結(jié)構(gòu)性投資工具（SIVs）”包含在內(nèi)，故錯誤。根據(jù)第五段最后一句andtheircombinedcreditcreationandproprietarytradingandhedgingmayaccountformuchofthegloballiquidityflows（它們的信貸創(chuàng)造、自營交易和對沖交易可能是全球流動性流動的主要原因），可知C選項“聯(lián)合信貸創(chuàng)造”和D選項“自營交易和對沖基金”包含在內(nèi)，故錯誤。A選項“貨幣市場基金”沒有提到，因此A選項正確。

23.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句between2002and2007,theshadowbankingsystemincreasedby$33trillion,morethandoublinginassetsizefrom$27trillionto$60trillion（2002年至2007年間，影子銀行體系增加了33萬億美元，資產(chǎn)規(guī)模從27萬億美元增至60萬億美元，增加了一倍多），可知D選項“60萬億美元”正確。A選項“17.4萬億美元”，B選項“27萬億美元”和C選項“3.9萬億美元”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

24.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Theshadowbankingsystemisestimatedatroughly25%-30%oftheglobalfinancialsystem($250trillion,excludingderivatives)andathalfoftotalglobalbankingassets.（據(jù)估計，影子銀行體系約占全球金融體系的25%-30%（250萬億美元，不包括衍生品），占全球銀行業(yè)總資產(chǎn)的一半。），可知全球銀行業(yè)總資產(chǎn)應(yīng)為250*25%*2=125，所以D選項“120萬億美元”正確。A選項“250萬億美元”，B選項“5.4萬億美元”和C選項“33萬億美元”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

25.詞義辨析題。proprietarytrading意思為自營交易，C選項“使用公司自己的資本”符合意思，所以正確。A選項“發(fā)型”，B選項“套利交易”和D選項“高頻交易（HFT）”錯誤。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

TheGovernmentis（）thedangerofleadpollutioninourcities.

問題1選項

A.goingfor

B.countingon

C.lookinginto

D.turningup

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。gofor主張，擁護(hù)；counton指望，依靠；lookinto調(diào)查，觀察；turnup出現(xiàn),

發(fā)生。句意：政府正在對本城市的主要危險污染物進(jìn)行調(diào)查。選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

It’stimeyou（）somereadingortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind.

問題1選項

A.gotdownto

B.adaptedto

C.heldonto

D.attendedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項gotdownto“開始認(rèn)真”；B選項adaptedto“適應(yīng)于”；C選項heldonto“堅持”；D選項attendedto“注意”。句意：你該認(rèn)真讀書了，否則其他學(xué)生就會把你甩在后面。本句表示開始認(rèn)真讀書。因此A選項正確。

16.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplasticandthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nostitches（刀口會逢合），nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsthatusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

問題1選項

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

問題2選項

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers.

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution.

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments.

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

問題3選項

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題4選項

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

問題5選項

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplasticandthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears(后來,人類開始使用鋒利的骨頭或動物的角,金屬材質(zhì)的刀,而最近卻使用橡膠和塑料工具,多年來人類在外科器械方面駐足于此),由此可知D項“基礎(chǔ)的”正確。

2.判斷推理題。A:醫(yī)療幫助變得可為產(chǎn)業(yè)工人所用,文章未提及。B:藝術(shù)的研究經(jīng)歷了徹底變革,文章未提及。C:來越多的外科醫(yī)生開始使用外科器械,由“Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints(這個工具是激光，而它正被全球越來越多的外科醫(yī)生用在許多不同的疾病上)”可知C不符合原文所述。D:人類的整個外科手術(shù)方式徹底地發(fā)生了改變,第一段指出:Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry，butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery(20世紀(jì)60年代，一種新的工具（即激光）被開發(fā)，它首先對軍隊和工業(yè)有重耍的實踐作用，不過后來也對外科手術(shù)的各個方面帶來了革命化的影響),因此D符合原文所述。本題選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam(然而，一束激光中的光是被聚集了。這意味著在被聚集成一個針尖大小的光朿后，具有不及一個普通的電燈所產(chǎn)生的能量的光就會變得極強(qiáng)),因此A“它由被聚集的光朿構(gòu)成”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:只能在人眼上被成功地進(jìn)行,由第二段中“Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints(這個工具是激光，而它正被全球越來越多的外科醫(yī)生用在許多不同的疾病上)”可知A不符合原文所述。B:導(dǎo)致病人需耍長吋間的恢復(fù),C:因使用激光束而被變得更復(fù)雜,D:對病人本身帶來非常小的傷害,第三段指出:Operationswhichonceleftp