考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Collaborations:TheriseofresearchnetworksAfundamentalshiftistakingplaceinthegeographyofscience.Networksofresearchcollaborationareexpandingineveryregionoftheglobe.(46)TheestablishedsciencesuperpowersoftheUnitedStatesandEuropehavedominatedtheresearchworldsince1945.YetthisAtlanticaxisisunlikelytobethemainfocusofresearchby2045.Orperhapsevenby2020.

(47)Newregionalnetworksarereinforcingthecompetenceandcapacityofemergingresearcheconomies,andchangingtheglobalbalanceofresearchactivity.Thismaywellrevealdifferentwaysofapproachingchallenges,andsolutionsthataredifferenttothoseofWesterninstitutions.Ifthesciencesuperpowersaretoavoidbeingleftbehind,theywillneedtostepoutoftheircomfortzonestokeepupwiththedynamismofthenewplayersinthisshiftinglandscape.

(48)Collaborationisnormallyagoodthingfromawiderpublicperspective.Knowledgeisbettertransferredandcombinedbycollaboration,andco-authoredpaperstendtobecitedmorefrequently.Butcouldincreasedglobalcollaborationmeanablendingofobjectivesthatrisksleavingblandpriorities?

Co-authorshipisavalidproxyforcollaborationbecausefewscientistssurrendercreditfortheirpaperslightly,sowecanassumethatsharingofauthorshipreflectsatangibleengagement.(49)Suchpublicationdataarereadilyavailable,covermanycountriesandresearchdisciplinestoagooddepth,andhavereasonableconsistencyacrossdecades.Changesinthebalanceofresearchdonebythelonescientistandthatdonebyteamscanbeseeninco-authorshipdata.Co-authorshiphasbeenincreasinginexorably.Recentlyithasexploded.

(50)AnissueofNaturetodayhasasimilarnumberofLetterstoonefrom60yearsago,butatleastfourtimesmoreauthors.Similarobservationshavebeendocumentedfromclinicalsciencetolaw.Intheearly1980s,paperswithmorethan100authorswererare.By1990,theannualtallywiththatnumberexceeded500—andithaskeptgrowing.Thefirstpaperwith1,000authorswaspublishedin2004;apaperwith3,000authorscamein2008.Bylastyear,atotalof120physicspapershadmorethan1,000authorsand44hadmorethan3,000.ManyofthesearefromcollaborationsattheLargeHadronCollideratCERN,Europe’sparticle-physicslabnearGeneva,Switzerland.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.美國(guó)和歐洲這些老牌的科研大國(guó)自1945年起一直主宰科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域。但該大西洋軸心可能到2045年不復(fù)維持此中心地位，甚至可能早到2020年就會(huì)如此。

47.新的地區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)正加強(qiáng)新興科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)體國(guó)家的實(shí)力，并改變著全球科學(xué)研究活動(dòng)的平衡。

48.從更廣范圍的公眾視野來(lái)看，合作一般來(lái)說(shuō)是件好事。知識(shí)可以通過(guò)合作得以更好地傳播和融合，合作的論文也會(huì)被他人更多的引用。

49.這些共同合作者的出版信息極易獲得，涵蓋諸多國(guó)家和研究領(lǐng)域，而且近幾十年來(lái)一直保持合理的一致性。

50.《自然》雜志收到的信件數(shù)量與60多年前相似，但作者數(shù)量至少是60年前的4倍。類(lèi)似的情況在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)、法律等很多學(xué)科也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。

2.翻譯題

Ihavesuggestedthatself-actualizerscanbedefinedaspeoplewhoarenolongermotivatedbytheneedsforsafety,belongingness,love，status,andself-respectbecausetheseneedshavealreadybeensatisfied.Whythenshouldalove-gratifiedpersonfallinlove?（1）Certainlynotforthesamereasonsthatmotivatethelove-deprivedperson,whofallsinlovebecauseheneedsandcraveslove,becausehelacksit,andisimpelledtomakeupthisdeficiency.

Self-actualizershavenoseriousdeficienciestomakeupandmustnowbelookeduponasfreedforgrowth，maturation,development，inaword,forthefulfillmentandactualizationoftheirhighestindividualandspeciesnature.Whatsuchpeopledoemanatesfromgrowthandexpressesitwithoutstriving.（2）Theylovebecausetheyarelovingpersons，inthesamewaythattheyarekind,honest,natural,i.e.,becauseitistheirnaturetobesospontaneous,asastrongmanisstrongwithoutwillingtobe,asaroseemitsperfume,asacatisgraceful,orasachildischildish.Suchepiphenomenaareaslittlemotivatedasisphysicalgrowthorpsychologicalmaturation.

Thereislittleofthetrying,straining,orstrivinginthelovingoftheself-actualizerthatsodominatesthelovingoftheaverageperson.Inphilosophicallanguage,itisanaspectofbeingaswellasofbecomingandbanbecalledB-love,that,lovefortheBeingoftheother.

（3）Aparadoxseemstobecreatedatfirstsightbythefactthatself-actualizingpeoplemaintainadegreeofindividuality,ofdetachment,andautonomythatseemsatfirstglancetobeincompatiblewiththekindofidentificationandlovethatIhavebeendescribingabove.Butthisisonlyanapparentparadox.（4）Aswehaveseen,thetendenciestodetachmentandtoneedidentificationandtoprofoundinterrelationshipswithanotherpersoncancoexistinhealthypeople.Thefactisthatself-actualizingpeoplearesimultaneouslythemostindividualisticandthemostaltruisticandsocialandlovingofallhumanbeings.Thefactthatwehaveinourcultureputthesequalitiesatoppositeendsofasinglecontinuumisapparentlyamistakethatmustnowbecorrected.Thesequalitiesgotogetherandthedichotomyisresolvedinself-actualizingpeople.

（5）Wefindinoursubjectsahealthyselfishness,agreatself-respect,adisinclinationtomakesacrificeswithoutgoodreason.

【答案】1.當(dāng)然和那些缺愛(ài)的人愛(ài)上別人的原因不一樣。他愛(ài)上別人是因?yàn)樗枰獝?ài)，他渴望愛(ài)；因?yàn)樗狈?ài)，所以他必須要彌補(bǔ)這個(gè)缺失。

2.他們?nèi)?ài)是因?yàn)樗麄兪怯袗?ài)的人，正如同他們善良、誠(chéng)實(shí)、自然一樣，這些都是他們自然流露出的天性。一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的人無(wú)須刻意追求強(qiáng)壯，正如玫瑰散發(fā)芳香，貓咪生性優(yōu)雅，而孩童天然單純。

3.初看之下自相矛盾之處在于：自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的人要確保某種程度的個(gè)性、超脫和獨(dú)立自主，而在看上去似乎和我上面一直在描述的那種愛(ài)和認(rèn)同感的特點(diǎn)不相吻合。

4.如我們所知，在健康的人身上，超脫的性情、需要認(rèn)同感的偏好以及想和另一個(gè)人有深度關(guān)系的傾向是可以共存的。

5.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在我們的試驗(yàn)對(duì)象身上有一種健康的自我中心主義、一種偉大的自我尊重，以及一種對(duì)動(dòng)不動(dòng)就自我犧牲的厭惡。

3.單選題

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科學(xué)是很難預(yù)測(cè)的，如果真是科學(xué)，也就不可能去預(yù)測(cè)。文中的predict對(duì)應(yīng)于選項(xiàng)B中的foreseen，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家們被告知我們?nèi)祟?lèi)對(duì)世界幾乎是一無(wú)所知的，那么他們將會(huì)非常震驚”可推斷出18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家并不認(rèn)為自己對(duì)世界一無(wú)所知，所以A選項(xiàng)‘認(rèn)為他們知道很多，可以解決大多數(shù)科學(xué)問(wèn)題’正確，C選項(xiàng)與A選項(xiàng)表述相反，錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不敢面對(duì)科學(xué)研究的事實(shí)”和D選項(xiàng)“在人類(lèi)對(duì)自然界的理解方面產(chǎn)生了更多的不好的影響”沒(méi)有在文章中體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期，我們要么假裝知道事物的規(guī)律，要么對(duì)此置之不理或者用編造故事的方式來(lái)搪塞?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“捏造錯(cuò)誤的理論來(lái)解釋他們不知道的事物”、B選項(xiàng)“他們假裝知道有關(guān)自然界的一切”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科學(xué)家的特點(diǎn)，只有C選項(xiàng)“他們不相信科學(xué)觀察得出的結(jié)果”沒(méi)有提及，或者用排除法，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“盡管有困難，但人類(lèi)遲早會(huì)解決這些問(wèn)題”所以C選項(xiàng)“雖然意識(shí)到困難重重但還是很有信心”符合作者對(duì)科學(xué)的態(tài)度。

4.單選題

Wewatchedtheshipuntilitbecameonlya（）inthedistance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.point

B.jar

C.dot

D.stove

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)point“要點(diǎn)；得分”；B選項(xiàng)jar“罐；廣口瓶”；C選項(xiàng)dot“點(diǎn)，圓點(diǎn)；嫁妝”；D選項(xiàng)stove“火爐；窯”。句意：我們一直看著輪船，直到它變成遠(yuǎn)處的一個(gè)圓點(diǎn)。根據(jù)前半句句意“我們一直看著輪船”以及until可知，C符合題意。

5.單選題

Historyhasdemonstratedthatcountrieswithdifferentsocialsystemsandideologiescanjoinhandsinmeetingthecommonchallengestohuman（

）anddevelopment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolution

B.survival

C.rivalry

D.dignity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evolution進(jìn)化，演變；survival生存，幸存；rivalry競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，對(duì)抗；dignity尊嚴(yán)。句意：歷史已經(jīng)表明，不同社會(huì)制度、不同意識(shí)形態(tài)的國(guó)家可以攜手應(yīng)對(duì)人類(lèi)生存與發(fā)展的共同挑戰(zhàn)。由anddevelopment可知該空與development是并列關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B。

6.單選題

Manyparentsarebusysendingtheirchildrentovarioustalentshows.（

）matterstothemistoturntheirchildrenfamousovernight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.It

B.Anything

C.Which

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知matterstothem是主語(yǔ)從句，且該從句主語(yǔ)只有what符合，故正確答案選D。句意為：許多父母送孩子學(xué)習(xí)各種興趣班。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)重要的是讓孩子一夜成名。

7.單選題

Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave,（

）somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unless

B.until

C.when

D.while

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知發(fā)生的事，是在我打算離開(kāi)的時(shí)候，故空格處需要一個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，排除A、B選項(xiàng)，occurred為短暫性動(dòng)詞，而while引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此選C。句意：我有些失望且正要離開(kāi)時(shí)，突然發(fā)生了一件事引起了我的注意。

8.單選題

Associalbeingswelivewithoureyesuponourreflection,buthaveno（）ofthetranquilityofthewatersinwhichweseeit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù)，證明”，強(qiáng)調(diào)法律依據(jù)，確信無(wú)疑的證據(jù)；B選項(xiàng)obligation“職責(zé)，義務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)assurance“保證，擔(dān)?！?；D選項(xiàng)certainty“必然，確實(shí)”。句意：作為社會(huì)上的人我們堅(jiān)信眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)，但是沒(méi)法保證我們所看到的一定就是真實(shí)的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

It（

）toseesomanychildreninthatmountainousareacannotevenaffordelementaryeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.painsher

B.makesherpain

C.ispaining

D.ispained

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。itpainssb.tosee意為“看到……使某人心痛”。句意：看到很多山區(qū)的孩子無(wú)法接受基礎(chǔ)教育使她心痛。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Fewpeopledoubtthefundamentalimportanceofmothersinchild-rearing,butwhatdofathersdo?Muchofwhattheycontributeissimplytheresultofbeingasecondadultinthehome.Bringingupchildrenisdemanding,stressfulandexhausting.Twoadultscansupportandmakeupforeachother’sdeficienciesandbuildoneachother’sstrengths.

Fathersalsobringanarrayofuniquequalities.Somearefamiliar:protectorandrolemodel.Teenageboyswithoutfathersarenotoriouslypronetotrouble.Thepathwaytoadulthoodfordaughtersissomewhateasier,buttheymuststilllearnfromtheirfathers,inwaystheycannotfromtheirmothers,howtorelatetomen.Theylearnfromtheirfathersaboutheterosexualtrust,intimacyanddifference.Theylearntoappreciatetheirownfemininityfromtheonemalewhoismostspecialintheirlives.Mostimportant,throughlovingandbeinglovedbytheirfathers,theylearnthattheyarelove-worthy.

Currentresearchgivesmuchdeeper,andmoresurprising,insightintothefather’sroleinchild-rearing.Onesignificantlyoverlookeddimensionoffatheringisplay.Fromtheirchildren’sbirththroughadolescence,fatherstendtoemphasizeplaymorethancaretaking.Thefather’sstyleofplayislikelytobebothphysicallystimulatingandexciting.Witholderchildrenitinvolvesmoreteamwork,requiringcompetitivetestingofphysicalandmentalskills.Itfrequentlyresemblesateachingrelationship:comeon,letmeshowyouhow.Mothersplaymoreatthechild’slevel.Theyseemwillingtoletthechilddirectplay.

Kids,atleastintheearlyyears,seemtoprefertoplaywithdaddy.Inonestudyof2.5-yearoldswhoweregivenachoice,morethantwo-thirdschosetoplaywiththeirfather.

Thewayfatherspalyhaseffectsoneverythingfromthemanagementofemotionstointelligenceandacademicachievement.Itisparticularlyimportantinpromotingself-control.Accordingtooneexpert,“childrenwhoroughhousewiththeirfathersquicklylearnthatbiting,kickingandotherformsofphysicalviolencearenotacceptable.”Theylearnwhento“shutitdown.”

Atplayandinotherrealms,fatherstendtostresscompetition,challenge,initiative,risk-takingandindependence.Mothers,ascaretakers,stressemotionalsecurityandpersonalsafety.Ontheplaygroundfathersoftentrytogetthechildtoswingeverhigher,whilemothersarecautious,worryingaboutanaccident.

Weknow,too,thatfathers’involvementseemstobelinkedtoimprovedverbalandproblem-solvingskillsandhigheracademicachievement.Severalstudiesfoundthatalongwithpaternalstrictness,theamountoftimefathersspentreadingwiththemwasastrongpredictoroftheirdaughters’verbalability.

Formsonstheresultshavebeenequallystriking.Studiesuncoveredastrongrelationshipbetweenfathers’involvementandthemathematicalabilitiesoftheirsons.Otherstudiesfoundarelationshipbetweenpaternalnurturingandboys’verbalintelligence.

1.Thefirstparagraphpointsoutthatoneoftheadvantagesofafamilywithbothparentsis______.

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,onesignificantdifferencebetweenthefather’sandmother’sroleinchild-rearingis______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Studiesinvestigatingfathers’involvementinchild-rearingshowthat______.

5.Thewriter’smainpointinwritingthisarticleis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.husbandandwifecansharehousework

B.twoadultsarealwaysbetterthanone

C.thefundamentalimportanceofmotherscanbefullyrecognized

D.husbandandwifecancompensateforeachother’sshortcomings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thestyleofplayencouraged

B.theamountoftimeavailable

C.thestrengthofemotionalties

D.theemphasisofintellectualdevelopment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Motherstendtostresspersonalsafetylessthanfathers.

B.Boysarelikelytobenefitmorefromtheirfathers’caring.

C.Fatherstendtoencouragecreativenessandindependence.

D.Girlslearntoreadmorequicklywiththehelpoftheirfathers.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thisimprovekids’mathematicalandverbalabilities

B.themoretimespentwithkids,thebettertheyspeak

C.themorestrictthefathersare,theclevererthekids

D.girlsusuallydobetterthanboysacademically

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.towarmsocietyofincreasingsocialproblems

B.toemphasizethefather’sroleinthefamily

C.todiscusstheresponsibilitiesoffathers

D.toshowsympathyforone-parentfamilies

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thefirstparagraphpointsoutthatoneoftheadvantagesofafamilywithbothparentsis______.1.第一段指出雙親家庭的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一是______。

A.husbandandwifecansharehouseworkA.丈夫和妻子可以分擔(dān)家務(wù)

B.twoadultsarealwaysbetterthanoneB.兩個(gè)大人總比一個(gè)大人強(qiáng)

C.thefundamentalimportanceofmotherscanbefullyrecognizedC.母親的根本重要性可以得到充分認(rèn)可

D.husbandandwifecancompensateforeachother’sshortcomingsD.丈夫和妻子可以彌補(bǔ)彼此的缺點(diǎn)

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段，根據(jù)最后一句“兩個(gè)成年人可以互相支持，彌補(bǔ)彼此的不足（makeupforeachother’sdeficiencies），并建立在彼此的優(yōu)勢(shì)之上”可知，雙親家庭的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一是兩個(gè)成年人可以互相支持，彌補(bǔ)彼此的缺點(diǎn)，所以D項(xiàng)“丈夫和妻子可以彌補(bǔ)彼此的缺點(diǎn)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“丈夫和妻子可以分擔(dān)家務(wù)”和B項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)大人總比一個(gè)大人強(qiáng)”符合生活常識(shí)，但是第一段并未提到，這兩項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“母親的根本重要性可以得到充分認(rèn)可”在第一段第一句有提到“很少有人懷疑母親在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面的根本重要性，但是父親們做什么呢？”，但該項(xiàng)表述太片面，屬于曲解原文。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,onesignificantdifferencebetweenthefather’sandmother’sroleinchild-rearingis______.2.根據(jù)第三段，父親和母親在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面的一個(gè)重要區(qū)別是______。

A.thestyleofplayencouragedA.所鼓勵(lì)的游戲方式

B.theamountoftimeavailableB.可供使用的時(shí)間

C.thestrengthofemotionaltiesC.情感聯(lián)系的強(qiáng)度

D.theemphasisofintellectualdevelopmentD.對(duì)智力發(fā)展的重視

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位至第三段，第一二句提到“目前的研究對(duì)父親在撫養(yǎng)孩子中的作用給出了更深入、更令人驚訝的見(jiàn)解。為人父親的一個(gè)明顯被忽視的方面是玩耍?！笨芍?，父親在撫養(yǎng)孩子中最容易被忽視的方面是玩耍，然后后面描述了父親和母親對(duì)于孩子玩耍的兩種不同方式：“父親的游戲風(fēng)格更加傾向于身心的激勵(lì)。對(duì)于年齡較大的孩子，這需要更多的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，需要對(duì)身體和智力技能進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性測(cè)試。它常常類(lèi)似于一種教學(xué)關(guān)系……母親與孩子之間的玩耍多在孩子們的孩童時(shí)期。他們似乎愿意讓孩子們直接玩?！?，從中可知，父親和母親在鼓勵(lì)孩子們玩耍上，所用的是兩種完全不同的方式，父親會(huì)教孩子如何玩耍，而母親則更樂(lè)意讓孩子直接玩，綜合理解可推斷，父親和母親在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面的一個(gè)重要區(qū)別是對(duì)于鼓勵(lì)孩子們玩耍的方式，A項(xiàng)“所鼓勵(lì)的游戲方式”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“可供使用的時(shí)間”沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“情感聯(lián)系的強(qiáng)度”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)智力發(fā)展的重視”都是父親和母親對(duì)待游戲方面不同的鼓勵(lì)方式所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的差異，最根本的區(qū)別還是在于所鼓勵(lì)的游戲方式不同，這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?3.下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.Motherstendtostresspersonalsafetylessthanfathers.A.母親往往比父親更少?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人安全。

B.Boysarelikelytobenefitmorefromtheirfathers’caring.B.男孩可能會(huì)從父親的關(guān)愛(ài)中獲益更多。

C.Fatherstendtoencouragecreativenessandindependence.C.父親傾向于鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)造性和獨(dú)立性。

D.Girlslearntoreadmorequicklywiththehelpoftheirfathers.D.女孩在父親的幫助下學(xué)習(xí)閱讀更快。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句“在游戲和其他領(lǐng)域，父親往往強(qiáng)調(diào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、挑戰(zhàn)、主動(dòng)、冒險(xiǎn)和獨(dú)立（competition,challenge,initiative,risk-takingandindependence）”可知，父親傾向于鼓勵(lì)孩子們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、挑戰(zhàn)、主動(dòng)、冒險(xiǎn)和獨(dú)立，其中initiative也可以表示“首創(chuàng)精神”，是creativeness的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，所以C項(xiàng)“父親傾向于鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)造性和獨(dú)立性”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“母親往往比父親更少?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人安全”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“母親，作為照顧者，強(qiáng)調(diào)情感安全和個(gè)人安全”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“男孩可能會(huì)從父親的關(guān)愛(ài)中獲益更多”根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，父親的參與程度和兒子的數(shù)學(xué)能力之間有著密切的關(guān)系。其他研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)了父親的教育與男孩語(yǔ)言智力之間的關(guān)系。”可知，文中雖然提到父親對(duì)男孩在語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)能力有幫助，但是并沒(méi)有與男孩從母親那得到的益處做比較，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“女孩在父親的幫助下學(xué)習(xí)閱讀更快”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“除了父親的嚴(yán)格要求外，父親與女兒一起閱讀的時(shí)間是女兒語(yǔ)言能力的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)”可知，父親和女兒一起閱讀能促進(jìn)孩子的語(yǔ)言能力，并不是閱讀更快速，該項(xiàng)偷換概念。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Studiesinvestigatingfathers’involvementinchild-rearingshowthat______.4.對(duì)父親參與育兒的研究表明______。

A.thisimprovekids’mathematicalandverbalabilitiesA.這能提高孩子的數(shù)學(xué)和語(yǔ)言能力

B.themoretimespentwithkids,thebettertheyspeakB.和孩子在一起的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，孩子們說(shuō)話就越好

C.themorestrictthefathersare,theclevererthekidsC.父親越嚴(yán)格，孩子就越聰明

D.girlsusuallydobetterthanboysacademicallyD.女孩通常在學(xué)業(yè)上比男孩做得好

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，父親的參與程度和兒子的數(shù)學(xué)能力之間有著密切的關(guān)系。其他研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)了父親的教育與男孩語(yǔ)言智力之間的關(guān)系?！笨芍赣H參與育兒能提高孩子的數(shù)學(xué)能力和語(yǔ)言能力，A項(xiàng)“這能提高孩子的數(shù)學(xué)和語(yǔ)言能力”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“和孩子在一起的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，孩子們說(shuō)話就越好”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，雖然父親參與育兒能夠提高孩子的語(yǔ)言能力，但語(yǔ)言能力不代表孩子們說(shuō)話說(shuō)得很好，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“父親越嚴(yán)格，孩子就越聰明”和D項(xiàng)“女孩通常在學(xué)業(yè)上比男孩做得好”在原文沒(méi)有提及，這兩項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Thewriter’smainpointinwritingthisarticleis______.5.作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的主要觀點(diǎn)是______。

A.towarmsocietyofincreasingsocialproblemsA.緩解社會(huì)問(wèn)題的增加

B.toemphasizethefather’sroleinthefamilyB.強(qiáng)調(diào)父親在家庭中的角色

C.todiscusstheresponsibilitiesoffathersC.討論父親的責(zé)任

D.toshowsympathyforone-parentfamiliesD.對(duì)單親家庭表示同情

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章首句通過(guò)一個(gè)問(wèn)題“很少有人懷疑母親在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面的根本重要性，但是父親們做了什么呢？”引出了文章的主題，即父親在撫養(yǎng)孩子上所發(fā)揮的作用，然后第二段講述了父親在養(yǎng)育孩子方面帶來(lái)的一系列特別的作用，接下來(lái)幾段描述的是對(duì)于父親參與育兒帶來(lái)的一系列好處的研究；綜上所述我們可以推斷出，這篇文章主要是強(qiáng)調(diào)父親在家庭中所扮演的重要的角色，故B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)父親在家庭中的角色”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“緩解社會(huì)問(wèn)題的增加”和C項(xiàng)“討論父親的責(zé)任”在原文只有部分提及，屬于以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“對(duì)單親家庭表示同情”在原文沒(méi)有依據(jù)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

11.單選題

TheartsandCraftmovementintheUnitedStatesareresponsiblefor（）changeinattitudestowardthedecorativearts,thenconsideredtheminororhouseholdarts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.smashing

B.sleeping

C.sweeping

D.switching

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。smashing“極好的，猛烈的”；sleeping“睡著的”；sweeping“影響廣泛的，規(guī)模大的”；switching“開(kāi)關(guān)，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式”。句意：美國(guó)的藝術(shù)和工藝運(yùn)動(dòng)使人們對(duì)裝飾藝術(shù)的態(tài)度發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，它考慮到低層次的藝術(shù)或家庭藝術(shù)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

London'sHeathrowairport,alongsidemanyothermajorairports,ishopingthat_______passengernumberswillbeswallowedupbyanewgenerationofhugeaircraft.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.probate

B.obsolete

C.swelling

D.recapitulating

【答案】C

【解析】probate遺囑認(rèn)證的;obsolete荒廢的,淘汰的;swell增大;磁脹;recapitulate重述要點(diǎn),概述。句意：倫敦Heathrow機(jī)場(chǎng)和其他許多主要機(jī)場(chǎng)都希望，新一代的巨型飛機(jī)能夠承載得下數(shù)量日益增長(zhǎng)的旅客。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty______tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatispossible

B.thatitispossible

C.whetheritispossible

D.aboutwhatispossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。uncertainty后面的句子正是作為同位語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾這個(gè)先行詞，而只有whether可以表示“不確定性”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso.Butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.

Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.

Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallblackwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.

Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.

Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉著),confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.

1.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?

2.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?

3.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?

4.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?

5.WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamawilldo?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.SheservesasarolemodelforAfricanwomen.

B.ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.

C.ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.

D.ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarevictimsofviolence.

B.Theyareofaninferiorviolence.

C.Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.

D.Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.

B.HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure.

C.HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.

D.WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest.

B.Sheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.

C.Howeverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseeverybody.

D.ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sconcerns.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Helpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomen.

B.HelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingAmerica.

C.OutshinepreviousFirstLady.

D.Fullydisplayherfinequalities.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman…AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.（但就我個(gè)人而言，我更為米歇爾?奧巴馬著迷，以及她可能會(huì)為這個(gè)國(guó)家做些什么，也為我這個(gè)非裔美國(guó)女性做些什么……這意味著人們將第一次有機(jī)會(huì)近距離接觸他們很少見(jiàn)到的非裔美國(guó)女性。），可知作者關(guān)心的是非裔美國(guó)女性米歇爾可以為國(guó)家和非裔美國(guó)女性做些什么，因?yàn)樗呛苌僖?jiàn)到的非裔美國(guó)女性，展示了非裔美國(guó)女性的新形象，C選項(xiàng)“她將向世界展示了非裔美國(guó)女性的新形象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“她是非洲婦女的榜樣”：米歇爾是美國(guó)人而非非洲人。B選項(xiàng)“作為第一夫人，她擁有許多令人欽佩的品質(zhì)”：作者沒(méi)有具體提到米歇爾的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“她將更加關(guān)注非洲裔美國(guó)婦女的利益”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.（在她有機(jī)會(huì)作為第一夫人投身于一項(xiàng)事業(yè)、慈善事業(yè)或基金會(huì)之前，她最緊迫、或許也是最復(fù)雜的職責(zé)可能就是做自己。），可知米歇爾的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是做好自己，還沒(méi)有到投身于事業(yè)的時(shí)候。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholicmothers.（常見(jiàn)的理論似乎是，我們都是脾氣暴躁的單身母親，留不住男人。在人們的想象中，黑人女性仍然無(wú)法擺脫成見(jiàn)，在別人看來(lái)，她們受人歧視、性欲過(guò)度、被未婚酗酒的母親養(yǎng)大。），前一句對(duì)應(yīng)暴虐的特點(diǎn)，后一句對(duì)應(yīng)粗俗的特點(diǎn)，B選項(xiàng)“她們粗俗暴虐”正確；在非洲裔美國(guó)女性的普遍刻板印象中，她們是施暴者而不是受害者，她們性欲過(guò)多而非肢體語(yǔ)言過(guò)多，A選項(xiàng)“她們是暴力的受害者”和C選項(xiàng)“她們過(guò)多使用肢體語(yǔ)言”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“她們靠慈善和社會(huì)福利生活”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.（許多非裔美國(guó)人的博客寫(xiě)了他們希望看到米歇爾給白宮帶來(lái)什么——主要是向世界展示，一位黑人女性可以支持她的丈夫，養(yǎng)育一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的黑人家庭。），可知許多非裔美國(guó)人期望米歇爾為白宮做的是展示如何做好妻子和母親，D選項(xiàng)“作為妻子和母親米歇爾在白宮應(yīng)該做什么”正確。A選項(xiàng)“米歇爾是否能達(dá)到她的粉絲們的高度期望”和C選項(xiàng)“他們有一個(gè)黑人婦女入主白宮是多么的自豪”：文中沒(méi)有提到。B選項(xiàng)“作為一個(gè)公眾人物米歇爾應(yīng)該如何表現(xiàn)”：這里更側(cè)重的是作為女性，尤其是母親和妻子，米歇爾該怎么做，而非只是作為公眾人物。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句ButformanyAfrican-American