考研考博-英語-南京工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：在大氣中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面單面鏡子或溫室屋頂上的玻璃，它允許陽光進(jìn)入，但阻止熱量溢出。因此選D，在大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將提高地球表面的溫度。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段主要講了二氧化碳對(duì)全球氣候的影響，最后兩段主要講了太陽活動(dòng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖的影響，因此選D，本文主要解釋影響天氣的原因。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一種可能是太陽的變化行為）可知選D，部分的原因是太陽活動(dòng)的變化。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（問題是，這些模型預(yù)測(cè)，世界應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代，但事實(shí)并非如此）可知A選項(xiàng)“世界氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)可以抵消太陽熱量的減少）可知選B，如果關(guān)于新冰河延期的假設(shè)是正確的，那么冰很快就會(huì)覆蓋北半球。

2.單選題

Dellquitdealinginsouped-upversionsofothercompanies’products,andstarteddesigning,___andmarketinghisown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashioning

B.assembling

C.pruning

D.slashing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fashioning“使用；改變；做成……的形狀”；B選項(xiàng)assembling“集合，聚集；裝配；收集”；C選項(xiàng)pruning“修剪”；D選項(xiàng)slashing“砍；鞭打”。句意：戴爾不再經(jīng)營(yíng)其他公司產(chǎn)品的升級(jí)版，而是開始設(shè)計(jì)、___和營(yíng)銷自己的產(chǎn)品。本句表達(dá)“戴爾公司開始設(shè)計(jì)，裝配和營(yíng)銷自己的產(chǎn)品”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Brunner’s______tobecomethesecondwomanevertoholdCabinetrankwasscuttledbytheoverwhelminglymaleparliament,apparentlybecauseofsexualpolitics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bet

B.hit

C.bid

D.bat

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bet“打賭；與（某人）以錢打賭；（非正式）敢說”；B選項(xiàng)hit“打擊；襲擊；碰撞；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；傷……的感情”；C選項(xiàng)bid“出價(jià)；叫牌；向……表示問候；（詩、文）命令；邀請(qǐng)；努力爭(zhēng)取，企圖獲得；告訴，吩咐”；D選項(xiàng)bat“用球棒擊球；擊球率達(dá)……；輪到擊球”。句意：布倫納想成為史上第二位女性內(nèi)閣成員的努力被男性占多數(shù)的議會(huì)挫敗，顯然是因?yàn)樾哉?。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown（）asitorbitstheSun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.splinter

B.index

C.axis

D.trace

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)splinter“碎片”；B選項(xiàng)index“指數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)axis“軸線”；D選項(xiàng)trace“痕跡”。句意：金星和地球一樣，繞著太陽公轉(zhuǎn)，也繞著自己的軸心自轉(zhuǎn)。本句表示自轉(zhuǎn)軸。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

ForthousandsofCanadians,badserviceisneithermake-believenoramusing.Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.Acrossthecountry,betterbusinessbureausreportalengtheninglitanyofcomplaintsaboutcontractors,cardealers,repairshops,movingcompanies,airlinesanddepartmentstores.Thereisalmostanadversarialfeelingbetweenbusinessesandconsumers.

Expertssaythereareseveralexplanationsforillfeelinginthemarketplace.Oneisthatcustomerservicewasanearlyandinevitablecasualtywhenretailersrespondedtobrutalcompetitionbyreplacingemployeeswithtechnologysuchas1~800numbersandvoicemail.Anotherfactoristhatbusinessgenerallyhasbegunplacingmoreemphasisongettingcustomersthanonkeepingthem.Stillanotheristhatstrident,frustratedandimpatientshoppersvexshopownersandmakethemevenlesshospitable—especiallyatbusiertimesoftheyearlikeChristmas.Onbothsides,simplecourtesyhasgonebytheboard.Andforamultitudeofconsumers,servicewentwithit.

TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.Peoplecomplainaboutbeinginsulted,havingtheirintelligenceandintegrityquestioned,andbeingthreatened.Onewillhearaboutpeoplebeinghauledalmostbodilyoutthedoorbysomebodysayingthingslike“Idon’thavetoserveyou!”or“thisisprivateproperty,getoutanddon’tcomeback!”Whatcancustomersdo?Ifthebureau’sarbitrationprocessfailstosettleadispute,acustomer’sonlyrecourseistosueinsmallclaimscourt.Butbecauseofthecostsandtimeittakes,relativelyfeweverdo.

Thereisalotofsupportforthenotionthatservicehas,inpart,fallenvictimtogenerationalchange.Manyyoungpeopleregardretailing“asjustadead-endjobthatyou’rejustgoingtodotemporarilyonyourwaytoarealjob”.Youngclerksoftenlackbothknowledgeandcivility.Employersarehavingtotrainyoungpeopleinsimplemannersbecausethatisnotbeingdoneathome.Salespeopletoday,especiallytheyoungerones,havegrownupinatelevision-computersocietywherethey’veinteractedlargelywithmachines.Oneofthebiggestcomplaintsfrombusinessesaboutgraduatesisthelackofinterpersonalskills.

Whatcustomersreallywantisaccess.Theywanttogetthroughwhentheycall,theydon’twantbusysignals,theydon’twantinteractivesystemstellingthemtopushoneforthisandtwoforthat—theydon’twantvoicemail.Andifcustomersdonotgetwhattheywant,theydefect.Somepeoplegobacktolocalsmallbusinesses:theAsiangreengrocer,aGreekbakerandaGreekfishmonger.Theydon’twearnametags,butonegetstoknowthem,allbyname.

46.Atabusinessplaceofbadservice,theworstonecangetis（）.

47.Oneofthereasonsforsuchillfeelinginthemarketplaceisthat（）.

48.WhathaschangedatVancouverBelerServiceBurcauinthepastfiveyears?（）

49.Youngclerksoftenlackinterpersonalskillschieflybecausethey（）.

50.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsbusinessesandbadserviceis（）them.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifferenceandrudeness

B.nakedhostilityandphysicalviolence

C.havingintelligenceandintegrityquestioned

D.beinginsultedandthreatened

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shoppersareusuallystrident,frustratedandimpatient

B.shoppersoftentakebusinessestocourttosettlethem

C.businessesusenewtechnologyinsteadofemployee

D.businessesarekeenonkeepingcustomers,notgettingthem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Moreeffective.

B.Lessbureaucracy.

C.Morebusiness.

D.Betterstaff.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areskilledindealingwithmachinesnotpeople

B.arenottrainedinsimplemannersathome

C.fallvictimstogenerationalchange

D.takeretailingtobeatemporaryjob

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.attacking

B.understanding

C.regretting

D.warning

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】46.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意定位到文章第一段第二句“Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.（它是一個(gè)正在不斷惡化的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的現(xiàn)象，包括從漠不關(guān)心、粗俗無禮到不加掩飾的惡意甚至身體暴力等一系列行為。）”可知，這些劣質(zhì)服務(wù)行為按照嚴(yán)重程度遞增排列。A選項(xiàng)“冷漠和粗魯”；B選項(xiàng)“赤裸裸的敵意和身體暴力”；C選項(xiàng)“智力和正直受到質(zhì)疑”；D選項(xiàng)“被侮辱和威脅”，其中最惡劣的是不加掩飾的惡意甚至身體暴力，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意定位到文章第二段，第二段分析了三個(gè)原因。第一個(gè)原因是：零售商應(yīng)對(duì)殘酷的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)采用技術(shù)取代員工。第二個(gè)原因是：商家一般都開始把重點(diǎn)更多放在贏得顧客而不是保持顧客上。第三個(gè)原因是：一些吵鬧的、失望的沒有耐心的購(gòu)買者經(jīng)常惹惱店主。A選項(xiàng)“購(gòu)物者通常是刺耳的、沮喪的和不耐煩的”只是個(gè)別現(xiàn)象；B選項(xiàng)“購(gòu)物者經(jīng)常把商家告上法庭”文中沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“商家使用技術(shù)替代員工”符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)熱衷于留住顧客，而不是得到他們”與文意不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意定位到文章第三段的第一句“TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.（溫哥華商業(yè)促進(jìn)局每周接到250起投訴，是五年前的兩倍。該局當(dāng)時(shí)只有一名投訴顧問，現(xiàn)在有四名。）”可知，投訴多了，業(yè)務(wù)更加繁忙了。A選項(xiàng)“效率更高”；B選項(xiàng)“官僚作風(fēng)減少”；D選項(xiàng)“更好的職員”文中沒有提到，C選項(xiàng)“更多的業(yè)務(wù)”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意可定位到文章第四段，第四段提到了服務(wù)成了代與代之間變化的受害者并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了闡述。A選項(xiàng)“擅長(zhǎng)與機(jī)器而非人打交道”與年輕職員人際交流能力差相關(guān)，而且是直接原因；B選項(xiàng)“在家沒有接受簡(jiǎn)單的禮儀訓(xùn)練”；C選項(xiàng)“成為代與代之間變化的受害者”；D選項(xiàng)“將零售視為臨時(shí)的工作”都是年輕人其他方面的表現(xiàn)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。文中作者主要描述了劣質(zhì)服務(wù)的存在及分析其原因。最后一段作者寫到顧客真正想要的是一個(gè)接近的機(jī)會(huì)。如果顧客得不到他們想要的服務(wù)，他們就會(huì)跑掉。由此可見作者是在呼吁并警告服務(wù)行業(yè)要善于找出他們的服務(wù)問題并進(jìn)行改善。A選項(xiàng)“攻擊的”；B選項(xiàng)“理解的”；C選項(xiàng)“懊悔的”；D選項(xiàng)“警告的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyon______bestinitsclimateandsoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itgrows

B.whatgrows

C.doesitgrow

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。dependon后面應(yīng)該接賓語從句。A選項(xiàng)缺少that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；B選項(xiàng)剛好與后面內(nèi)容組成賓語從句；C和D都是疑問句式，不能選；句意：一個(gè)國(guó)家的主要食物是什么，大體取決于什么作物在其天氣和土壤條件下生長(zhǎng)得最好。因此，該題正確答案為B。

7.單選題

Shefelloffherhorseandbadly（

）herself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wounded

B.damaged

C.injured

D.harmed

【答案】C

【解析】同義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)wound“受傷”；B選項(xiàng)damage“損害”；C選項(xiàng)injure“傷害”；D選項(xiàng)harm“危害”。句意：她從馬上摔下來，受了重傷。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有受傷的意思，但wound側(cè)重于在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受傷；damage通常指對(duì)無生命物體造成的損害；injure側(cè)重于意外事故導(dǎo)致的傷害；harm側(cè)重于導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。

8.單選題

Oldbeliefsdiehard;evenwhenjobsbecame（）,thelong-standingfearthatunemploymentcouldreturnatamoment’snoticepersisted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precious

B.pervasive

C.plentiful

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Precious“寶貴的，珍貴的”；pervasive“無處不在的，普遍的”；plentiful“富足的，大量的”；persuasive“有說服力的”。句意：舊觀念難改。即使就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)充足時(shí)，人們還是長(zhǎng)期害怕失業(yè)會(huì)來臨。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Attheweddingceremony,thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedringsasa______oftheirlove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.token

C.mark

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.present禮物；禮品B.token象征；標(biāo)志

C.mark污點(diǎn)；污漬D.sign跡象；征兆

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedrings（新郎和新娘交換了戒指）可推知，交換戒指是愛情的象征，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在婚禮上，新郎和新娘交換了戒指作為他們愛情的象征。

10.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewomanneedsatreatment.

B.Thewomandidn’tgetpaidthisweek.

C.Themanwillprobablypayforthedinner.

D.Themanwillsplitthebillwiththewoman.

【答案】C

【解析】6.M:Let’seatouttonight,shallwe?

W:I’mbroke.I’vegonethroughmypaycheckfortheweekalready.

M:Don’tworryaboutit.It’smytreat.

Q:What’scanbeinferredfromtheconversation.

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：從這段交談中可以得出什么？由文中“Don’tworryaboutit.It’smytreat.（不用擔(dān)心，我請(qǐng)客）”，可知C選項(xiàng)“Themanwillprobablypayforthedinner.（男士有可能買單）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)女人需要治療”；B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)女人這周沒有拿到工資”；D選項(xiàng)“男士將與女士AA制”不符合原文。

11.單選題

TheOlympicGameswerewatchedby（

）billionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtually

B.deliberately

C.literally

D.appropriately

【答案】A

【解析】句意:幾乎有數(shù)以億計(jì)的全世界觀眾觀看奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

副詞辨析。Virtually幾乎，事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上;deliberately故意,謹(jǐn)慎地;literally字面上;appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)?。故A符合句意。

12.單選題

Weareallmovedbythe（）ofthesepoorhomelesschildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plight

B.situation

C.condition

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。plight“困境；境況”；situation“（在特定的時(shí)間和地方所處的）情況；形勢(shì)；處境”；condition“（人或物處于）狀況；狀態(tài)，尤指人的健康狀態(tài)好壞”；circumstance“（與某事或某人有關(guān)的）情況，情形，環(huán)境，或生活狀態(tài)，尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況等，常用復(fù)數(shù)”。句意：我們都被這些貧窮的、無家可歸的孩子的______觸動(dòng)了。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息poorhomeless，可知這些孩子是處于困難之中，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

HecameallthewaytoChinaforpromotingfriendship（

）formakingmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.otherthan

B.betterthan

C.morethan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)otherthan“除了，不同于”；B選項(xiàng)betterthan“比……更好”；C選項(xiàng)morethan“比……多”；D選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是，寧可”?？崭癫糠忠钊胍粋€(gè)短語連接前后短語形成對(duì)比，前面的意思是“forpromotingfriendship為了增進(jìn)友誼”和后面“formakingmoney為了賺錢”表示不同的目的，句意為：他一路跋涉來到中國(guó)是為了友誼而不是賺錢。故這里選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

IthasbeenannouncedthatphysicistsfromdifferentcountrieswillgatherinNewYorkfora____nextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.symphony

B.symmetry

C.symposium

D.symptom

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.symphony交響樂B.symmetry對(duì)稱（性）

C.symposium研討會(huì)D.symptom征兆

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】前文提到“來自不同國(guó)家的物理學(xué)家聚集到一起”，而空格處所填詞是他們聚集到一起的目的，C選項(xiàng)symposium“研討會(huì)”最符合語義邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均為symposium“研討會(huì)”的形近詞，但都不能使原句前后語義銜接。

【句意】據(jù)通知，來自不同國(guó)家的物理學(xué)家將于下個(gè)月聚集在紐約參加一個(gè)研討會(huì)。

15.單選題

Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight（）are.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.payments

B.charges

C.funds

D.prices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。payments“付款，薪資”；charges“費(fèi)用，手續(xù)費(fèi)”；funds“資金，基金”；prices“價(jià)格”。句意：煤的價(jià)格將根據(jù)運(yùn)輸?shù)木嚯x和運(yùn)費(fèi)的價(jià)格而有所不同。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Thefarmersreceiveda（

）fromthegovernmenttogrowhiscrop.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsidy

B.subsidiary

C.subordinate

D.successor

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)subsidy“補(bǔ)貼”；B選項(xiàng)subsidiary“輔助者”；C選項(xiàng)subordinate“下屬，下級(jí)”；D選項(xiàng)successor“繼承者”。句意：農(nóng)民們從政府那里得到了補(bǔ)貼來種植作物。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

TheyearsfollowingthepublicationofDarwin’sworkhaveseenafabulousdevelopmentofgeneralandhumanpaleontology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctive

B.parallel

C.marvelous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.distinctive獨(dú)特的，特別的B.parallel極相似的，同時(shí)發(fā)生的

C.marvelous極好的，非凡的D.unique獨(dú)特的，罕見的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】fabulous的意思為“極好的，絕妙的；很大的，巨大的”，用來形容development，指的是古生物學(xué)和人類古生物學(xué)發(fā)展得特別好，非常迅速，marvelous與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】在達(dá)爾文發(fā)表著作幾年后，古生物學(xué)和人類古生物學(xué)都取得了驚人的進(jìn)展。

18.單選題

Nothingwould（）Elizabethtogiveupthecauseofeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.seduce

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)induce“導(dǎo)致”；B選項(xiàng)deduce“推論”；C選項(xiàng)reduce“減少”；D選項(xiàng)seduce“誘惑”。句意：沒有什么能讓伊麗莎白放棄教育事業(yè)。本句表示導(dǎo)致某人放棄。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Ⅵ.Internationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasse.Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.Thecomplexityofquestionsabouthumanimpactsontheenvironmentandhowtodecreaseormitigatethemcallsforahighdegreeofspecialization,whileatthesametimerequiringcoordinatedactiononanumberoffronts.Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.Itbecomesincreasinglydifficulttodiscerntheparticularcontributionthatlawcanmaketoenvironmentalprotectionasittakesontheroleofhandmaidentoscience,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems.

Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend;andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.Furthermore,alargenumberofgeneralprinciplesandregime-specificstandardstaketheformofsoftlaw.Attemptstofleshoutaseriesofgeneralrightsandobligationsforstates(andpotentiallyforotheractors,aswell)havebeenongoing,butthoseeffortsseemtohavefalteredwiththepublicationbytheInternationalLawCommission(ILC)ofthe2001DraftArticlesonPreventionofTransboundaryHarmfromHazardousActivitiesandthe2006DraftPrinciplesontheAllocationofLossinthecaseofTransboundaryHarmarisingoutofHazardousActivities.

1.InternationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasseNOTbecause___.

2.Internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedapathfrom___to___.

3.Koskenniemiusesenvironmentallawtoillustrate___.

4.Betweenthetwoendsofinternationalenvironmentallaware___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems

B.theunderlyingcausesofthedegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits

C.scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly

D.politicalauthoritieshavenowishtostrictlyregulateenvironment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.generalrules,clumsyfashion

B.generalrules,interactingwitheachother

C.generalrules,highlyspecializedregimes

D.generalrules,science,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.generallawofstateresponsibility

B.thedemoralizationoflaw

C.theincreasedresorttosoftlaw

D.theheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.seriesofproceduralrules

B.generalprinciples

C.highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandards

D.largelyuninfluentialrules

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.（對(duì)環(huán)境退化及其原因的科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)迅速演變。這種退化的根本原因往往是帶來重大社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的活動(dòng)，其結(jié)果是政治當(dāng)局無意禁止或嚴(yán)格管制這些活動(dòng)；激勵(lì)結(jié)構(gòu)往往構(gòu)成一種更有前途的途徑）可知D選項(xiàng)“政治當(dāng)局不希望嚴(yán)格管理環(huán)境”是國(guó)際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的結(jié)果，B選項(xiàng)“退化的根本原因往往是那些帶來重大社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的活動(dòng)”和C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)環(huán)境退化及其原因的科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)迅速演變”是國(guó)際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因；第一段Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.（這不足為奇：環(huán)境問題的復(fù)雜性，即使撇開潛在的社會(huì)、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素考慮，也是驚人的）可知A選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境問題的復(fù)雜性”是國(guó)際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.（鑒于這些挑戰(zhàn)，國(guó)際環(huán)境法遵循了一條似乎無可避免的軌跡：從模糊性往往妨礙其有用性的一般規(guī)則，到高度專門化的技術(shù)制度，側(cè)重于界定較窄的現(xiàn)象，并以相當(dāng)遲疑和呆滯的方式相互作用，以及最近加速跨國(guó)，包括非國(guó)家，體制建設(shè)）可知一般規(guī)則是和高度專門化的技術(shù)制度相對(duì)應(yīng)，選C選項(xiàng)“一般規(guī)則，高度專業(yè)化的制度”；A選項(xiàng)“一般規(guī)則，呆滯的方式”，B選項(xiàng)“一般規(guī)則，相互作用”所提到的內(nèi)容不是互為對(duì)應(yīng)項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“一般規(guī)則、科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、倫理和其他社會(huì)制度”內(nèi)有內(nèi)容未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Koskenniemi”定位到原文第二段開頭Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.（在他討論的管理思維和法律的道德敗壞，Koskenniemi經(jīng)常借鑒環(huán)境法律，尤其是雕刻的實(shí)現(xiàn)和國(guó)家責(zé)任的一般法律合規(guī)程序，采取軟法的增加，嚴(yán)重依賴公平的平衡）可知選B選項(xiàng)“法律的道德敗壞”；A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家責(zé)任的一般法律”，C選項(xiàng)“增加對(duì)軟法律的求助”以及D選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重依賴公平平衡”都是借鑒所舉的例子。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第二段andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.（以及在這兩端之間一系列可能有用但不明確（不幸的是，基本上沒有影響力）的程序規(guī)則）可知選A選項(xiàng)“一系列程序規(guī)則”，根據(jù)原文可知兩端之間是一系列程序規(guī)則，可能有用但不明確以及不幸的是，基本上沒有影響力都是用于修飾程序規(guī)則，而D選項(xiàng)“基本上沒有影響的規(guī)則”錯(cuò)誤，該選項(xiàng)只提到了修飾成分，但是核心部分從程序規(guī)則變成了規(guī)則，和原文的范圍不符合；根據(jù)原文Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend（對(duì)國(guó)際環(huán)境法架構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)要概述顯示，在一端是模糊的、一般的原則；在另一端的專門制度一級(jí)闡明了非常詳細(xì)和技術(shù)性的規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）可知B選項(xiàng)“一般原則”以及C選項(xiàng)“非常詳細(xì)和技術(shù)性的規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”分別是兩端的內(nèi)容，不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.翻譯題

教育很可能是現(xiàn)在爭(zhēng)議最大、爭(zhēng)議最多的一個(gè)題目。在一個(gè)國(guó)家未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)越來越依靠科學(xué)和技術(shù)的時(shí)候，教育在一個(gè)國(guó)家未來的前途中起著決定性的作用。今天，享受教育的特權(quán)已不再限于極少部分人。教育的發(fā)展是如此之快，它現(xiàn)在已成為一個(gè)大行業(yè)。事實(shí)上，它是最大的行業(yè)，其雇傭的人數(shù)和所付的工資比其他任何一個(gè)全國(guó)性企業(yè)的都要多。有一些教育機(jī)構(gòu)包裝得非常漂亮，借以提高知名度和吸引學(xué)生。在一定意義上講，教育已經(jīng)變成一種商品。從事教育的人對(duì)商業(yè)化這個(gè)說法會(huì)感到很不舒服，但是，恐怕除了少數(shù)例外，很多大學(xué)已經(jīng)陷入了演變成有利可圖的大規(guī)模制造廠的過程中。培養(yǎng)心智不再吃香；推銷可出售的技能成了時(shí)髦。這就是教育的悲劇。不用說，某種拯救教育以防其更加衰落的具有想象力的辦法和共同努力早就該出臺(tái)了。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的考試應(yīng)該由素質(zhì)教育取代，死記硬背應(yīng)該讓位于創(chuàng)造性和解決實(shí)際問題的能力的培養(yǎng)。只有這樣，我們才能迎來教育的真正進(jìn)步。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowadayseducationisprobablyoneofthemostcontroversialandhotlycontestedtopics.Whenacountry'seconomicgrowthinthefuturedependsmoreandmoreonscienceandtechnology,educationplaysadecisiveroleinitsfuture.Todayenjoyingtheprivilegeofreceivingeducationisnotconfinedtoaverysmallnumberofpeople.Thedevelopmentofeducationissorapidthatithasnowbecomeahugeindustry.Asamatteroffact,itisthebiggestindustry,whichemploysmorepeopleandpaysmorewagesthananyothernationalenterprise.Someeducationalorganizationsareveryattractiveinpackingwherebytheycanenhancetheirpopularityandattractstudents.Inasense,educationhasbecomeacommodity.Educatorsmayfeeluncomfortablewiththeideaofcommercialization.Butexceptforsomeexceptions,mostcollegesanduniversitiesarealreadyinvolvedintheprocessofevolvingintolarge-scaleprofitablemanufacturers.Cultivatingmentalityisnolongersought-after;promotingsalableskillshasbecomeafashion,whichisthetragedyofeducation.Needlesstosay,acertainimaginativewaytorescueeducationfromitsdeclineandjointeffortsshouldhaveappearedlongago.Competitivetestsshouldbereplacedbyquality-orientededucation;learningbyroteshouldgivewaytocultivatingcreativityandabilitytosolvepracticalproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanwegreetagenuineprogressineducation.

21.單選題

Thenewtechnologywillgreatly（）foodproductioninChinatofeedmorepeopleonsuchdenselypopulatedland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boom

B.bound

C.boost

D.bounce

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。C選項(xiàng)boost“促進(jìn)”正確；A選項(xiàng)boom“使興旺”；B選項(xiàng)bound“界限”；D選項(xiàng)bounce“跳”。本句表示“這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)將大大提高中國(guó)的糧食產(chǎn)量，在人口如此密集的土地上養(yǎng)活更多的人”糧食產(chǎn)量需要提高和促進(jìn)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

22.單選題

Bothaperson’sheredityandhisenvironmenthelptoshapehischaracter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.family

B.education

C.nationality

D.surroundings

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)family“家庭”；B選項(xiàng)education“教育”；C選項(xiàng)nationality“國(guó)籍”；D選項(xiàng)surroundings“環(huán)境”。句意：一個(gè)人的遺傳和他所處的環(huán)境都有助于塑造他的性格。D選項(xiàng)與原文劃線詞詞義最接近，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Iwasverypleased（）theroomyouprovided（）me.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A./,to

B./,for

C.with,to

D.with,for

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。bepleasedwith“對(duì)……感到滿意”；providesth.forsb.“向某人提供某物”。句意：我對(duì)你為我提供的房間非常滿意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Thisistheseventhyear___thatthey’vewonthecup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insubstance

B.insuccession

C.insuspension

D.insequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)insubstance“實(shí)質(zhì)上；基本上；事實(shí)上”；B選項(xiàng)“接連地；連續(xù)地”；C選項(xiàng)insuspension“懸浮中”；D選項(xiàng)insequence“依次；逐一”。句意：這是他們___第七年獲得冠軍。本句表達(dá)“連續(xù)第七年”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

25.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

盡管我們對(duì)“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善，然而我們對(duì)此已有不少了解?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式，也可以在許多情況下進(jìn)行。一般來說，“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會(huì)引起行為的變化?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化吋，這種變化常能持久。“學(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對(duì)一系列細(xì)小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)一首新的曲子。

【答案】

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

26.單選題

Didyouknowthatyoucouldbestingonafortunewithoutevenrealizingit?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youhavenoideathatyouprobablyhaveitemsofvalueputawayth