考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京曉莊學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京曉莊學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theplotofthenovel（

）theeconomicdevelopmentofthevillage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolveswith

B.emergesfrom

C.blendswith

D.attachesto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。evolvewith意為“隨……進(jìn)化”；emergefrom意為“（從……）露出，浮現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生于”；blendwith意為“與……協(xié)調(diào)或和諧”；attachto意為“依附，附屬與，喜愛(ài)”。

句意：小說(shuō)情節(jié)隨著村落經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而演變。

2.單選題

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe“greatclasslesssociety”.Theideathatthe20thcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofgreatclichesofourtime.

Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:Monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthascompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,“survivalofthefittest”，and“mightisright“arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmeritfor“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”；inotherrespectssocietyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained

Genuineability,animalcunning,skilltheknackofseizingopportunities,allbringsmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem“agoodstartinlife”.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality.Wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality.Privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan’tgetridofinequalitybecause（

）.

3.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess?

4.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?Because（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,“classdivisions”refersto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.

B.Equalitymeansmoney.

C.Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.

D.Naturecan’tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theprinciple“survivalofthefittest”exists.

B.natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.

C.materialrewardsareforgenuineability.

D.peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewithwealth.

B.Thosewiththebestbrains..

C.Thosewiththebestopportunities.

D.Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.moneydecideseverything.

B.privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.

C.peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.

D.wealthisusedforpoliticalends.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.therichandthepoor.

B.differentopportunitiesforpeople.

C.oppressorandtheoppressed.

D.geniusandstupidity.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem(20世紀(jì)的機(jī)會(huì)均等并沒(méi)有破壞階級(jí)制度)能更好概括本文主旨。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。作者指出:自然在分配大腦和能力的時(shí)候，完全不考慮平等的原則。有智慧能力才能生存，才能獲報(bào)償，這已經(jīng)是不平等，因此即使獲同樣的受教育的機(jī)會(huì)，也不可能鏟除不平等。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:英才教育在某種程度上是永存的。一個(gè)來(lái)自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其對(duì)立面獲得成功要快得多得多。因此推測(cè),有錢(qián)人能夠快速獲得成功。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。英才教育在某種程度上是永存的。因?yàn)橛绣X(qián),才上得起私立學(xué)校。故選A。

5.推斷題。作者強(qiáng)調(diào)窮人,富人在天賦、教育機(jī)會(huì)等方面的差異造成即使是同樣的教育機(jī)會(huì)也不可能鏟除不平等,因此在作者眼里,真正的階級(jí)分化在于貧富差距。

3.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubstance,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsaretheelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whatdoesthe“l(fā)abormarketproblems”referto?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930'swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringayearismostprobablytoshowthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesoursocietytooverestimatethedegreeofeconomichardshipisthe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ATheoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplewereemployedinthe1930's

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow.

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportion

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipthepoorworkerssuffer

C.recurrentunemploymentinthelabormarketcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers.

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalenceofsecondaryearnersamonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)abormarketproblems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因?yàn)閯趧?dòng)力市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題而遭受不幸呢?”下文隨即指出“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestoday.如今失業(yè)不會(huì)帶來(lái)同樣的后果。”由此可知，這里的勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題指的是失業(yè)，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)下文“不斷增加的財(cái)富、不止一個(gè)收入者的家庭增多、失業(yè)人群中中等收入者的優(yōu)勢(shì)日益顯現(xiàn)，以及社會(huì)福利保障的改善，這些都毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地減輕了失業(yè)的后果。”由此可推斷，作者是想表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的失業(yè)問(wèn)題所帶來(lái)的影響沒(méi)有那么嚴(yán)重。選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第二段的內(nèi)容，本段的中心句為段落首句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.然而，我們的社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面低估了與勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)相關(guān)的困難程度。”接下來(lái)進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年內(nèi)多次失業(yè)的人，是為了表明統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)低估了貧困工人所遭受的苦難，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.判斷推理題。原文第一段指出社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面夸大了困難的程度，然后在第一段最后一句指出，計(jì)算在貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)之內(nèi)的人大部分是年老者、殘疾人或者由于家庭負(fù)擔(dān)不能進(jìn)入勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)者，因此這些貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)根本就不能精確地反映出勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)所存在的問(wèn)題。由此可推斷，之所以會(huì)高估經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的程度，是因?yàn)榻⒘擞涗浵到y(tǒng)，使得編撰貧窮統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)成為可能，這些數(shù)據(jù)不一定是真實(shí)情況的反映，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

Ican't（）myeagerwhenIhearofpeoplebeingcrueltoanimals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrain

B.alleviate

C.deteriorate

D.relieve

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。restrain"抑制,控制";alleviate"減輕,緩和";deteriorate"惡化,變壞";relieve"解除,減輕"。這里指不能控制自己的情緒,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.寫(xiě)作題

Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】1.【答案】which改為where

2.【答案】as改為than

3.【答案】So改為But

4.【答案】去掉about

5.【答案】you改為they

6.【答案】like改為as

7.【答案】takes改為gives

8.【答案】differ改為distinguish

9.【答案】others改為other

10.【答案】harmful改為harmless

【解析】1.【解題思路】分析句子可知，thereisalotoftalkaboutscience（有很多關(guān)于科學(xué)的討論）是做society的定語(yǔ)，而society在從句中是作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以要把關(guān)系代詞which改為關(guān)系副詞where。

2.【解題思路】根據(jù)moreignorant（更無(wú)知）可知，此處是比較級(jí)，而前后比較的是we和peoplewithcomparableeducation（受過(guò)類似教育的人），所以as要改為than。

3.【解題思路】前面說(shuō)“很多孩子都知道怎么去組建電腦，用電腦寫(xiě)程序”，后面卻說(shuō)“如果要他們?nèi)ソ忉屛锢淼脑恚麄兪裁炊疾恢馈?，前后邏輯是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，so表示因果，所以要把so改為but。

4.【解題思路】explain是及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以不用介詞直接跟物，所以要把a(bǔ)bout去掉。

5.【解題思路】這一句的句意是“但是如果你要他們?nèi)ソ忉屛锢淼脑恚麄円稽c(diǎn)都不知道”，主句的you應(yīng)該改為they。

6.【解題思路】該句句意是“對(duì)科學(xué)的不理解導(dǎo)致了像對(duì)人類創(chuàng)造力的忽視這樣的事情”，like表示舉例，但前面的such只與as連用，表示“比如，諸如”，所以把like改為as。

7.【解題思路】giveriseto是固定搭配，表示“引起，使產(chǎn)生”，所以要把takes改為gives。

8.【解題思路】differ只能和from或者with搭配使用，根據(jù)between可知，此處differ使用不當(dāng)，而distinguish可以和between或者from搭配，所以把differ改為distinguish。

9.【解題思路】others指兩者及以上的人，該句是說(shuō)“兩者是截然不同的，能夠勝任其中一項(xiàng)工作的人很少能夠勝任另外一個(gè)工作”，根據(jù)thetwo（兩者）可知此處others使用不當(dāng)，所以要將others改為other，theother表示“另一個(gè)”。

10.【解題思路】該段第一句的句意是“科學(xué)本身或多或少是沒(méi)有害處的”，第二句用了but轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明第二句與第一句有對(duì)比，第二句說(shuō)“但一旦科學(xué)能提供技術(shù)，它不一定是有害的”，這明顯與前句沒(méi)有構(gòu)成對(duì)比，第二句應(yīng)該是說(shuō)“但一旦科學(xué)能提供技術(shù)，它不一定是沒(méi)有害處的”，所以要將harmful改為harmless。

6.單選題

Insomecasesthemothermayalsobelimitedintermsof______abilityandemotionalcapacity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)intelligent“智能的，聰明的”，B項(xiàng)intellectual“智力的”，C項(xiàng)intelligible“可理解的，明了的”，D項(xiàng)intangible“無(wú)形的，觸摸不到的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞emotionalcapacity（情感能力）推測(cè)，空格部分是與之對(duì)應(yīng)的“智力”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：在某些情況下，母親的智力和情感能力也可能受到限制。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Reductionsinoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but____andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reluctantly不情愿地B.unwittingly無(wú)意地；茫然地

C.impulsively強(qiáng)制地D.anxiously焦急地

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】前半句提到“減少海外財(cái)政支出”，根據(jù)but可知，前后語(yǔ)義存在轉(zhuǎn)折；另外，空格處通過(guò)and與moregradually“更加逐漸”并列，后者說(shuō)明這項(xiàng)措施進(jìn)行得非常緩慢，因此，A選項(xiàng)reluctantly“不情愿地”符合原句語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)unwittingly“無(wú)意地；不知不覺(jué)地”，原句沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，不符合原句語(yǔ)義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)impulsively“強(qiáng)制地”，原句沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，不符合原句語(yǔ)義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)anxiously“焦急地”，與moregradually“更加逐漸”搭配不合適。

【句意】海外財(cái)政支出減少了，但是減得不情愿，并且進(jìn)行得似乎比現(xiàn)在希望的更加緩慢。

8.翻譯題

Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.1.Themeansforsatisfyingman’sphysiologicaland(withinlimits),hissafetyneedscanbeprovidedorwithheldbymanagement.Employmentitselfissuchameansandsoarewages,workingconditionsandbenefits.Bythesemeanstheindividualcanbecontrolledsolongasheisstrugglingforsubsistence.

Butthecarrot-and-sticktheorydoesnotworkatalloncemanhasreachedanadequatesubsistencelevelandismotivatedprimarilybyhigherneeds.Managementcannotprovideamanwithself-respectorwiththerespectofhisfellows,orwiththesatisfactionofneedsforself-fulillment.2.Itcancreatesuchconditionsthatheisencouragedandenabledtoseeksuchsatisfactionsforhimself,oritcanthwarthimbyfailingtocreatethoseconditions.

Butthiscreationofconditionsisnot“control”.Itisnotagooddevicefordirectingbehavior.

Andsomanagementfindsitselfinanoddposition.Thehighstandardoflivingcreatedbyourmoderntechnologicalknow-howprovidesquiteadequatelyforthesatisfactionofphysiologicalandsafelyneeds.Theonlysignificantexceptioniswheremanagementpracticeshavenotcreatedconfidenceina“fairbreak”andthuswheresafetyneedsarethwarted.3.Butbymakingpossible

thesatisfactionoflow-levelneeds,managementhasdepriveditselfoftheabilitytouseasmotivatorsthedevicesonwhichconventionaltheoryhastaughtittorely-rewards,promises,incentives,orthreatsandothercoercivedevices.

4.Thephilosophyofmanagementbydirectionandcontrol—regardlessofwhetheritishardorsoft—isinadequatetomotivatebecausethehumanneedsonwhichthisapproachreliesaretodayunimportantmotivatorsofbehavior.Directionandcontrolareessentiallyuselessinmotivatingpeoplewhoseimportantneedsaresocialandegoistic.Boththehardandthesoftapproachfailtodaybecausetheyaresimplyirrelevanttothesituation.5.People,deprivedofopportunitiestosatisfyatworktheneedswhicharenowimportanttothem,behaveexactlyaswerightpredictwithindolence,passivity,resistancetochange,lackofresponsibility,willingnesstofollowthedemagogue,unreasonabledemandsforeconomicbenefits.Itwouldseemthatwearecaughtinawebofourownweaving.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】這是滿足人的生理和（在一定限度內(nèi)）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部門(mén)提供，也可以不提供。就業(yè)本身就是一種手段，工資、工作條件和福利也是如此。通過(guò)這些手段，只要一個(gè)人在為生存而掙扎，他就可以被控制。

2.【參考譯文】它可以創(chuàng)造這樣的條件，鼓勵(lì)并使他能夠?yàn)樽约簩で筮@樣的滿足，也可以通過(guò)不創(chuàng)造這些條件來(lái)阻撓他。

3.【參考譯文】但是，通過(guò)滿足低層需求，管理者喪失了使用激勵(lì)器的能力，而傳統(tǒng)理論已將其作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、承諾、激勵(lì)或威脅以及其他強(qiáng)制性手段所依賴的手段。

4.【參考譯文】不管是硬還是軟，通過(guò)方向和控制進(jìn)行管理的哲學(xué)都無(wú)法激發(fā)人們的積極性，因?yàn)槿缃襁@種方法所依賴的人類需求已不再是行為的重要推動(dòng)者。

5.【參考譯文】人們被剝奪了在工作中滿足現(xiàn)在對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要的需求的機(jī)會(huì)，他們表現(xiàn)得恰如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，表現(xiàn)為懶惰、消極、抵制變革、缺乏責(zé)任感、樂(lè)于追隨煽動(dòng)者、對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的不合理要求。

9.單選題

（）newsandcurrentaffairs，Ihardlywatchanytelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asidefrom

B.Regardlessof

C.Inthefaceof

D.Sofaras

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。asidefrom“除……以外”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”；inthefaceof“面對(duì)”；sofaras“只要；就……而言”。句意：除了看看新聞和時(shí)政，我?guī)缀醪豢措娨?。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.翻譯題

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于這座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻滿是公寓樓的山坡上可能會(huì)使你想到香港；這里密集的人口會(huì)讓你想到東京；而那橫跨長(zhǎng)江兩岸、仿效布魯克林大橋豁然聳立的龐大新建筑物，或許會(huì)讓你想到紐約。

放眼望去，到處都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的橋梁和新蓋的高聳入云的住宅樓。事實(shí)上，這類新建筑實(shí)在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于讓人感到驚訝不已的往往不是什么新的高樓大廈，而是偶然瞥見(jiàn)一座舊建筑。

當(dāng)然，在此之前中國(guó)已經(jīng)有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的東部地區(qū)為數(shù)不少。這些城市從華北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠鑲嵌在中國(guó)沿海各地。但是重慶的迅速崛起卻象征著一種新的開(kāi)端：這表明北京正在大力推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的成果，將其延伸到幅員遼闊的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，那里是全國(guó)四分之三人口的家園。

中國(guó)內(nèi)地的城市一個(gè)接一個(gè)競(jìng)相城鎮(zhèn)化，其中很多城市公開(kāi)炫耀它們的目標(biāo)，聲稱要在幾年內(nèi)建成“世界大都市”。但無(wú)論從城市大小、追求目標(biāo)還是改革規(guī)模來(lái)衡量，擁有1200萬(wàn)人口的重慶仍是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。

11.翻譯題

Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,anditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwereavailableonone’sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside.

NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethattheonlyvillagetradesmenstillflourishingwereeithersellingfrozenfoodtotheinhabitantsorsellingantiquestovisitors.Nevertheless,thiswouldreallybeafalseimpression.Admittedlytherehasbeenacontraction(收縮)ofvillagecommerce,butitsvigorisstillremarkable.

Ourlocalgrocer’sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown.Womensensiblyprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnewswhiledoingtheirshopping,insteadofqueuing(排隊(duì))upatasupermarket.Andtheproprietor(店主)knowswellthatpersonalservicehasasubstantialcashvalue.

【答案】有一天，我看到了一本舊的鄉(xiāng)村指南。它列出了我所在地區(qū)每個(gè)村莊的所有商人，看到在維多利亞時(shí)代晚期的鄉(xiāng)村，人們?cè)谧约旱募议T(mén)口就能得到各種各樣的服務(wù)，令人印象深刻。

如今，一個(gè)膚淺的英國(guó)農(nóng)村旅行者可能會(huì)得出結(jié)論，唯一仍然繁榮的鄉(xiāng)村商人要么是向居民出售冷凍食品，要么是向游客出售古董。然而，這確實(shí)會(huì)是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的印象。誠(chéng)然，鄉(xiāng)村商業(yè)已經(jīng)萎縮，但其活力仍然顯著。

例如，我們當(dāng)?shù)氐碾s貨店，盡管有來(lái)自最近的城鎮(zhèn)的超市的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，但實(shí)際上正在擴(kuò)大。婦女們更愿意去那里，在購(gòu)物的同時(shí)交流當(dāng)?shù)氐男侣?，而不是在超市排?duì)。而老板很清楚，個(gè)人服務(wù)具有相當(dāng)大的現(xiàn)金價(jià)值。

12.單選題

Ihaveneverlaid（）tobeinganexpertinthisfield.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reclaim

B.exclamation

C.affirmation

D.claim

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。layclaimto“聲稱……的權(quán)力，自稱有知識(shí)等”。句意：我從不認(rèn)為自己是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

13.單選題

Ishalltellhimthetruth,______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nomatterwhetherhelikesitornot

B.whetherhelikesitornot

C.nomatterhelikesitornot

D.whetherhewouldlikeitornot

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：不管他喜不喜歡，我都會(huì)告訴他真相。nomatter與疑問(wèn)詞who，what，where，when，how，if，whether等連用，意為“無(wú)論，不管”，可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，A選項(xiàng)nomatterwhetherhelikesitornot符合題意。B選項(xiàng)中whether意思為“（表示遲疑或兩個(gè)可能性之間的選擇）是否”，不符合語(yǔ)境；C選項(xiàng)中nomatter意思為“不要緊”，用法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)中whether用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Appliedresearch,_______tosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulated

B.undertaken

C.attained

D.accomplished

【答案】B

【解析】formulated按配方制造;undertaken從事,保證;attained獲得;accomplished完成。句意：采用應(yīng)用研究來(lái)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題具有直接的吸引力,因?yàn)樗慕Y(jié)果是可以看到和享受的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意,

15.單選題

Insomecountriespreschooleducationinnurseryschoolsorkindergartens（）the1stgrade.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.leads

B.forwards

C.precedes

D.advances

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)leads“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；通往；指引”；B選項(xiàng)forwards“向前地；按順序地；邁向成功；進(jìn)入顯著的位置；向?qū)?lái)；提前”；C選項(xiàng)precedes“領(lǐng)先，在……之前；優(yōu)于，高于；領(lǐng)先，在前面”；D選項(xiàng)advances“提出；使前進(jìn)；提前”。句意：在一些國(guó)家，幼兒園或幼兒園的學(xué)前教育先于一年級(jí)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Itisnot（

）muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.as

C.so

D.very

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這本書(shū)的語(yǔ)言不如背景讓其難以理解。

固定搭配。notsoas“不如”。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“not”與“as”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里表示一種否定的同級(jí)比較，故C項(xiàng)“so”正確。

17.單選題

Theascenttothemountainis（）butanyonewhomakesittothetopisrewardedbyaspectacularview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.assiduous

C.arduous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。helpful“有幫助的”；assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous“努力的，費(fèi)力的”；unique“特別的”。句意：登到山頂是艱苦的，但任何成功登頂?shù)娜硕紩?huì)欣賞到壯觀的景色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesensedata,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturallimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus.Thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesensedatasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeinvisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherrefined,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickinginvisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths:suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesensedata.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduateinmillionthsofaninch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches.Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctpartsaperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobject.Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedtobeentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserverandobserved.Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.But,evenforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceintheexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.

3.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurement

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.existindependentlyofsensedata

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergy

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolor

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergy

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverse

C.stilltheoreticallypossibleinthesmall-scaleworldofatomsandelectrons

D.possibleinthecaseofobservationsinvolvingthepassageofacompletequantum

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.本文的主要目的是________。

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworldA.討論妨礙準(zhǔn)確感知世界的問(wèn)題

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurementB.指出公認(rèn)計(jì)量單位的不足之處

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobservedC.比較和對(duì)照關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何測(cè)量和觀察世界的科學(xué)假設(shè)

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservationD.表明感官觀察功能的有限

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出視覺(jué)感知（visualperception）的極限在我們無(wú)法接收比單個(gè)量子能量傳遞的更小的感知數(shù)據(jù)，第二段提出科學(xué)家想到了一個(gè)辦法使用波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子（quantawithextremelylongwavelengths）也不能突破這種限制，第三段提出量子對(duì)物理學(xué)有重要的理論意義（importanttheoreticalimplications），也就是研究視覺(jué)感知而得來(lái)的啟示。綜上所述，本文在談?wù)撘曈X(jué)感知受到阻礙引發(fā)的一系列問(wèn)題，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“指出公認(rèn)計(jì)量單位的不足之處”：文章沒(méi)有提到計(jì)量單位，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“比較和對(duì)照關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何測(cè)量和觀察世界的科學(xué)假設(shè)”和D選項(xiàng)“表明感官觀察功能的有限”：只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.根據(jù)本文，波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子不能用來(lái)提供關(guān)于物質(zhì)世界的完整信息，因?yàn)樗鼈僟_______。

A.existindependentlyofsensedataA.獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)而存在

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergyB.沒(méi)有足夠的能量

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelengthC.用現(xiàn)在的儀器不能與較短波長(zhǎng)的量子隔離

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandpositionD.提供的測(cè)量長(zhǎng)度和位置的方法不夠精確

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞completeinformation定位到第二段第二、三句，該處講到“對(duì)世界的完全準(zhǔn)確的感知（completelyaccurateperceptionoftheworld）還取決于我們想要感知的東西的長(zhǎng)度和位置的精確測(cè)量（exactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositions）。因此（Forthis），波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子是無(wú)用的?！保芍湓蚴撬鼈儾荒軠?zhǔn)確測(cè)量長(zhǎng)度和位置，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)而存在”：文中沒(méi)有提到波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有足夠的能量”：文中沒(méi)有提到波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子能量不足，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“用現(xiàn)在的儀器不能與較短波長(zhǎng)的量子隔離”：文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.作者用孩子的畫(huà)作類比（第一段）主要是為了________。

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquantaA.說(shuō)明由量子傳遞的感官數(shù)據(jù)的精確度的極限限制

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceof