中考英語語法專題：簡單句句型與句子成分劃分練習(xí)

PAGE8英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)英語句子的種類◆簡單句(simplesentence)◆并列句(compoundsentence)◆復(fù)合句(complexsentence)◆簡單句的五種基本句型(1)主語+連系動詞+表語(S+V+P)Theweatherisverycold.(2)主語+不及物動詞(S+Vi)Helaughed.(3)主語+及物動詞+賓語(S+V+O)IlikeChinesefood.(4)主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)Shetaughtthemphysics.(5)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(S+V+O+C)Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.請說出下列句子類型。1.Summeriscoming.2.Theywon’tletmego.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.Sheknowswhattodo.5.Theweatherisverycold.◆并列句(compoundsentence):把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，則成為一個并列句。Eg.IturnedontheTV.Iwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.◆常用并列連詞

coordinatingconjunctions平行并列連詞:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：but,however,while,yet因果并列連詞:for,so選擇并列連詞:or,either…or請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.4.Maryisopeningthedoor.Johnisgreetingherguests.◆復(fù)合句:主句+從句主句是一個完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以獨(dú)立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在.在復(fù)合句中，主要包含以下類型從句：1.主語從句2.賓語從句3.表語從句4.同位語從句5.狀語從句6.定語從句指出下列各從句的類型：經(jīng)典英文短文IfIwereaBoyAgain假如我又回到了童年IfIwereaboyagain,Iwouldpracticeperseverancemoreoften,andnevergiveupathingbecauseitwasinconvenient.Ifwewantlight,wemustconquerdarkness.Perseverancecansometimesequalgeniusinitsresults.“Thereareonlytwocreatures,”saysaproverb,“whocansurmountthepyramids—theeagleandthesnail.”

IfIwereaboyagain,Iwouldschoolmyselfintoahabitofattention;Iwouldletnothingcomebetweenmeandthesubjectinhand.Iwouldrememberthatagoodskaternevertriestoskateintwodirectionsatonce.

Thehabitofattentionbecomespartofourlife,ifwebeginearlyenough.Ioftenheargrownuppeoplesay“Icouldnotfixmyattentiononthesermonorbook,althoughIwishedtodoso”,andthereasonis,thehabitwasnotformedinyouth.

IfIweretolivemylifeoveragain,Iwouldpaymoreattentiontothecultivationofthememory.Iwouldstrengthenthatfacultybyeverypossiblemeans,andoneverypossibleoccasion.Ittakesalittlehardworkatfirsttorememberthingsaccurately;butmemorysoonhelpsitself,andgivesverylittletrouble.Itonlyneedsearlycultivationtobecomeapower.

假如我又回到了童年，我做事要更有毅力，決不因為事情艱難或者麻煩而撒手不干，我們要光明，就得征服黑暗。毅力在效果上有時能同天才相比。俗話說：“能登上金字塔的生物，只有兩種——鷹和蝸牛?！?/p>

假如我又回到了童年，我就要養(yǎng)成專心致志的習(xí)慣；有事在手，就決不讓任何東西讓我分心。我要牢記：優(yōu)秀的滑冰手從不試圖同時滑向兩個不同的方向。如果及早養(yǎng)成這種專心致志的習(xí)慣，它將成為我們生命的一部分。我常聽成年人說：“雖然我希望能集中注意聽牧師講道或讀書，但往往做不到。”而原因就是年輕時沒有養(yǎng)成這種習(xí)慣。

假如我現(xiàn)在能重新開始我的生命，我就要更注意記憶力的培養(yǎng)。我要采取一切可能的辦法，并且在一切可能的場合，增強(qiáng)記憶力。要正確無誤地記住一些東西，在開始階段的確要作出一番小小的努力；但要不了多久，記憶力本身就會起作用，使記憶成為輕而易舉的事，只需及早培養(yǎng)，記憶自會成為一種才能。

句子句子從目的上分：1.陳述句2疑問句1）一般疑問句2）選擇疑問句3）反意疑問句4）特殊疑問句5）雙重疑問句3．祈使句4．感嘆句句子從結(jié)構(gòu)上分：1．簡單句2．并列句（并列復(fù)合句）3．復(fù)合句（主從復(fù)合句）1）名詞性從句：（1）主從(2)賓從(3)表從(4)同從2）形容詞性從句定從（限定性的定語從句和非限定性的定語從句）3)副詞性從句（狀從）簡單句的五種基本句型五種句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，

主謂

主謂賓

主系表

主謂雙賓語（間賓直賓）主謂復(fù)合賓語（賓+賓補(bǔ)）

主語（subject）:是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動作的主體。

Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名詞）

Helikesdancing.

（代詞）

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)

Seeingisbelieving.

（動名詞）

Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.謂語（predicate）:說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。

WestudyEnglish.

Helikesplayingthegames.(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.want

B.totell

C.you

D.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give

B.did

C.whomD.book表語（predicative）:系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。

Heisateacher.

（名詞）

Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）

Heisasleep.

（形容詞）

Hisfatherisin.

（副詞）

Thepictureisonthewall.

(介詞短語)

Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容詞化的分詞）

Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）

Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.

（表語從句）

（常見的系動詞有:befeel(摸起來,sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,taste（嘗、吃起來）,smell（聞起來）

keep,stay,remain（保持，仍是）get,become,turnfeel（感覺）...

Itsoundsagoodidea.

Thesoundsoundsstrange.

Hervoicesoundssweet.

Tomlooksthin.

Thefoodsmellsdelicious.

Thefoodtastesgood.

Thedoorremainsopen.

NowIfeeltired.

(三)挑出下列句中的表語（5分，5分鐘）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.賓語：1）動作的承受者動賓

IlikeChina.（名詞）

Hehatesyou.（代詞）

Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（動名詞）

Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語從句）

2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓

Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3）雙賓語間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）

Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.(四)挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"

reallyis.

劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5分，5分鐘）Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?

賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。

Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名詞）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）

Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.

(副詞)

Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）

Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）

Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）

主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充。

Hewaselectedmonitor.

Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

(五)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語（6分，6分鐘）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時，則定語通常置后。副詞用作定語時須放在名詞之后。形容詞作定語：AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）

Heisourfriend.（代詞）

Webelongtothethirdworld.

（數(shù)詞）

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）

Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)

Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)

TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.

（現(xiàn)在分詞）

Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）

Ihaveanideatodoitwell.

（不定式）

YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.

（定語從句）

(六)挑出下列句中的定語（6分，6分鐘）①Theyuse

Mr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!狀語：用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步.狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首，地點狀語一般須在時間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose.（注意，此句onhisnose不可省略?。└痹~（短語）作狀語：Theboyneedsapenverymuch./（程度狀語）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother./男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。（賓語較長則狀語前置）Theboyreallyneedsapen./男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時間狀語）

介詞短語作狀語：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點狀語）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個男孩子.(條件狀語)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里沒有學(xué)生.(時間狀語)

分詞（短語）作狀語：Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因為不得不完成作業(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./（因為）受了驚嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。（原因狀語）

不定式作狀語：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的狀語）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness./為實現(xiàn)夢想,湯姆變得對商業(yè)很有興趣.

名詞作狀語：Comethisway!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z）

狀語從句：時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句

(七)挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，8分鐘）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.劃分句子成分練習(xí)二1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.Iloveyoumorethanher，child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋不及物動詞）1Youshouldstudyhard.2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋及物動詞＋賓語）1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋系動詞＋主語補(bǔ)語）1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語）1MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋賓補(bǔ)動詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)語）1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypush