八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)新目標(biāo)下unit1unit5語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)新目標(biāo)下unit1-unit5語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)新目標(biāo)下unit1-unit5語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)4/4八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)新目標(biāo)下unit1-unit5語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)unit1一.反身代詞。（P109）1.構(gòu)成：反身代詞由第一人稱(chēng)，第二人稱(chēng)的形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱(chēng)的人稱(chēng)代詞賓格在詞尾加self或selves構(gòu)成。2.一些常用的含有反身代詞的短語(yǔ)。Lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顧自己；enjoyoneself玩的快樂(lè)hurtoneself傷了自己；cutoneself割傷自己；byoneself獨(dú)自，獨(dú)自；loseoneself迷路；teachoneselfsth/learnsthbyoneself自學(xué)；loseoneselfinsth陶醉于；cometooneself清醒，恢復(fù)知覺(jué)。say/talktooneself自言自語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：1.Heoftenteaches________________（him）2.Wemustlookafter____________________（our）andkeephealthy.3.Themaninthephotois__________（me）..神情動(dòng)詞should的用法。（P109）1.用于提出建議，表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù)也許提出勸告，should意為“應(yīng)該”。否定為shouldn't。e.g.Youshouldtryyourbesttohelphim。你應(yīng)該全力幫助他2.用于征采對(duì)方的建議，should表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)該”。一般用于第一人稱(chēng)的一般疑問(wèn)句或特別疑問(wèn)句。eg.ShouldIhelpyoucleantheroom？unit2.動(dòng)詞不定式（P112）：to+動(dòng)詞原形，to有時(shí)能夠省略。.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。1.動(dòng)詞+介詞：lookfor搜尋，waitfor等待，dealwith辦理2.動(dòng)詞+副詞：cheerup使振奮，cleanup打掃干凈，giveaway贈(zèng)予3.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞：runoutof用光，comeupwith想出4.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞：makefriendswith交朋友，takecareof照顧5.be+形容詞+介詞：belatefor遲到，bebusywith忙于6.動(dòng)詞+介詞+名詞：gotobed上床睡覺(jué)，keepinmind牢記練習(xí)：1.histeachermadehim__________（打掃）theclassroom.2.shedecided__________（幫助）homelesspeople.3.Pleasetellme__________（如何）careforanimals.4.shegotupearly___________________（發(fā)散）noticestoday.5.shewenttothehospital__________________（使振奮起來(lái)）thesickchildren.6.heoftenhelpshimmom____________________（做晚餐）.7.Iknowit'simportant________________（學(xué)）Englishwell.｛在“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后邊接名詞，名詞既能夠放在動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)此后，也可緊跟在動(dòng)詞此后。若是是代詞做賓語(yǔ)，要放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間。eg.Hecleaneduptheroom.=Hecleanedtheroomup.他把房間打掃干凈了。Youroomisdirty.Youmustcleanitup.｝1unit3一.神情動(dòng)詞could表示懇求和贊同時(shí)的用法（P110）could能夠用來(lái)禮貌地向?qū)Ψ教岢鲅肭蠡蜓肭髮?duì)方的贊同，表示宛轉(zhuǎn)的語(yǔ)氣。1.禮貌地央求別人做某事（1）句型couldyoupleasedosth？/couldyoudosth？請(qǐng)你做某事行嗎？或麻煩你做某事好嗎？eg.Couldyoucomehereearly？你能早點(diǎn)來(lái)嗎？（2）回答：必定回答【yes，sure/withpleasure/noproblem】否定回答【sorry，Ican't/IamafraidIcan't】*could表示禮貌地央求別人做某事時(shí)，回答要用can也許can't，不可以夠用could或couldn't。2.央求對(duì)方的贊同，央求別人贊同自己做某事。couldIdosth？讓我做某事好嗎？練習(xí)：1.--couldIlookatyourpicture？--Yes，ofcourseyou___A.could。B.can。C.will。Dwould2.把以下句子變成表示央求也許贊同的問(wèn)句。1）Helpyourparentsdochores.________________________________________2）Iwanttoplaywithmyfriendsafterdinner.______________________________3）Youhavetomakeyourbed.__________________________________________4）LetmewatchTVthisevening.________________________________________5）Youshouldcomeherealittleearlier.___________________________________.spend/take/cost/pay的差異1.spend開(kāi)銷(xiāo)時(shí)間或金錢(qián)，主語(yǔ)為人。sbspendtime/moneyonsth某人在方面開(kāi)銷(xiāo)時(shí)間/金錢(qián)sbspendtime/money（in）doingsth某人開(kāi)銷(xiāo)時(shí)間/金錢(qián)做某事eg.Hespenttwoyears（in）writingthebook.他花兩年時(shí)間寫(xiě)了那本書(shū)2.take指開(kāi)銷(xiāo)時(shí)間，主語(yǔ)為it。Ittakes/tooksbsometimetodosth做某事開(kāi)銷(xiāo)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間eg.我用了一個(gè)小時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。Ittookmeanhourtofinishthework.3.cost指開(kāi)銷(xiāo)金錢(qián)精力。主語(yǔ)為物。sthcostsbsomemoney某物開(kāi)銷(xiāo)某人多少錢(qián)Thebookcostmefortyyuan.這本書(shū)花了我四十元。4.pay指支付，開(kāi)銷(xiāo)金錢(qián)，主語(yǔ)為人。常與for連用。sbpay/paidsomemoneyforsth某人為某物開(kāi)銷(xiāo)多少錢(qián)。這本書(shū)花了我四十元Ipaidfortyyuanforthebook.=Ispentfortyyuanonthebook.練習(xí)：1.Iaminterestedinanimals，soI___lotsoftimeplayingwithmydog.ApayBtakeCspend2.Tomspendslotsoftime_____English.A.onB.inCatD.forunit4..although，sothat，until1.although意為“誠(chéng)然，盡管”既能夠放在句首也能夠放在句中。Althoughheispoor，heisveryhappy.盡管他很窮，但是他很快樂(lè)。=Heisveryhappyalthoughheispoor.（在一個(gè)句子中although不可以夠與but同時(shí)使用，但是能夠與still使用。）2.sothat以便“，為了”相當(dāng)于inorderthat今天清早我起的早，以便追上首班公交車(chē)。Igotupearlythismorningsothat/inorderthatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.=Igotupearlythismorninginordertocatchthe2firstbus.3.until直到“”?！猲otuntil直到才（1）昨天夜晚直到深夜媽媽回來(lái)我才去睡覺(jué)。Ididn'tgotobeduntilmymomcamebacklatelastnight.（2）他們?cè)谶@素來(lái)等到10點(diǎn)鐘。Theywaitedhereuntilteno'clock.練習(xí)：1.Mycousinknowsalotabouthistory，_____heisonlyfouryearsold.A.becauseB.soC.although2.wewon'tstartthemeeting_____ourteachersarrives.AthoughB.untilC.whileD.orUnit5一。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。（P110)（was/were+doing）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)辰正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作也許過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)素來(lái)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1.基本句型必定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+doingIwasdoingmyhomeworkat9yesterday.否定句:：主語(yǔ)+was/werenot+doingIwasn’tdoingmyhomeworkat9yesterday一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing回答：Yes，主語(yǔ)+was（were）/No,主語(yǔ)+was(were)notWereyoudoingyourhomeworkat9yesterday?Yes,Iwas/No,Iwasn’t特別疑問(wèn)句；特別疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句？Whatwereyoudoingat9yesterday?練習(xí)：1.Shewastakingashowerwhenthestormcame.(就劃線部散提問(wèn)）__________________________________whenthestormcame?2.Tonydidhishomeworkathome.(用atninelastnight改寫(xiě)句子)Tony________________hishomeworkatninelastnightathome.3.IwasinthelibrarywhentheUFOarrived.(就劃線部散提問(wèn))______________________whentheUFOarrived?4.Shewashelpinghermotherinthekitchen.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_________________hermotherinthekitchen?2.所學(xué)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成方式用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)除了第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)加表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常屢次發(fā)生也許存在的狀態(tài)s(es)之外，其他均用動(dòng)詞也許習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)。原形（be、have除外）一般過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，與人稱(chēng)，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常也許有時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也許單復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)關(guān)。存在的狀態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)Shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也許存在的狀態(tài)。Begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)be(is/am/are)+doing表示正在發(fā)生也許進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過(guò)去進(jìn)去時(shí)態(tài)Was/were+doing表示過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)辰正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作練習(xí)：1.Heoften_________(get)upatsixinthemorning.She______(get)upat8yesterday.2.He_____________(get)toBeijingtomorrow.3.Look!Thegirl______________(run).WhenIgrowup,I__________(go)toCanada.Sheoften_________(come)tohelptheoldmanwhenshewas11.I___________(walk)alongthestreetwhensomeonecalledme.二．狀語(yǔ)從句3狀語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，結(jié)果方式，條件或陪同情況，程度，退步等情況的詞叫做狀語(yǔ)。Theyareplayingontheground他們正在操場(chǎng)上玩。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）Hewaslateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.(原因狀語(yǔ)）簡(jiǎn)單句：只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。Helikesdoinghousework.并列句：由并列連詞或分號(hào)連接起來(lái)，包含兩個(gè)也許兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite(沒(méi)什么胃口）復(fù)合句：包含了一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子。Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema(我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了）從句不可以獨(dú)自成句，但它也有主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，是一個(gè)特別句子，由who，that,whom,when,why,where,how,which,等詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的非主句部分。when區(qū)When所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)既可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指時(shí)間段，因此在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞能夠是非連續(xù)動(dòng)詞，也能夠是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Whenwewerewalkinginthepark,wemetMary.當(dāng)我們?cè)诠珗@閑步時(shí)，碰到Mary。（when所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)別指時(shí)間段，walk是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）whenthegirlcamein,hermotherwaswatchingTV.當(dāng)這個(gè)女孩進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，她媽媽正在看電視。（when所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，come是非連續(xù)動(dòng)詞）

WhileWhile引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)只能指時(shí)間段，因此在while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞必定是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。While常用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中間。Whilehewasreading,hismothercamein.當(dāng)他讀書(shū)的時(shí)候，他的母親進(jìn)來(lái)了。（while所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)指時(shí)間段，read是