高考英語二輪復習閱讀理解之同義轉述講義

精品教案新高考閱讀理解專題新高考同義轉述考點一同義轉述從近幾年的高考題來看，細節(jié)理解題不僅數量有所增加，而且難度也稍有加大，主要表現為題目信息與原文信息表達方式不一致。命題人一般會對文章細節(jié)加以轉述來考査考生準確理解細節(jié)的能力。轉述的主要方式有以下:

1.派生詞轉化:在匹配原則符合的情況下，進行派生詞轉化：Genescanalsocausephysicaldifferencesbetweennorthernersandsoutherners.MostnorthernershavetheABCC11gene,whichcausesdryearwax,lessbodysmellandfewersweats.Thesephysicaldifferencesarealsomorebeneficialtolivingincoldenvironments.Southernersarelesslikelytohavethisgene,asitdidnotdevelopintheirpopulation.Accordingtothestudy,mostnortherners__________.areimmunetomalaria B．catchblood-borneillnesseseasilyC．havenobodysmell D．sweatlessfrequently2.同義詞轉化:在匹配原則符合的情況下，把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞：Accordingtoarecentstudy,thesesocialimagessayalotaboutourpersonality.Inthestudy,presentedinapaperattheInternationalAAAIConferenceontheWebandsocialmedia,agroupofresearchedfromtheUniversityofPennsyIvaniaintheUSusedsoftwaretoanalyzetheprofilepicturesof66,000usersofUSlocalsocialplatformsand3,200oftheirblogs.Atthesametime,about434participantswereaskedtocompleteasurveyoftheirpersonalitytype.Theresearcherswantedtofindoutiftherewasaconnectionbetweenpersonalitytype-likeopenness,extroversion(外向),andneuroticism(神經質)-toaperson’sprofilephoto.What’sthepurposeofthestudy?A.Toanalyzetheusers’preference.B.Toconductasurveyofpersonalitytype.C.Toexploretheformationofthefirstimpression.D.Toseekoutthelinkbetweencharacterqualitiesandprofilephotos.2.語態(tài)的變化:改變原文句子的語態(tài)，即主動—被動；被動—主動；或語意上的語態(tài)轉化：Intimesofepidemic,withvisitorsrestricted,manyresidentsinnursinghomeshavefeltlonelyandseparatedfromtheworld,soanimalshavebecomeanespeciallyimportantwaytolifttheirspirits.AsSeniorLivingSocietyinScotland,seniorsrecentlygottheirveryownpuppy(幼犬）！Whydoresidentsinnursinghomeswantanimalstoraisetheirspirits?A.Theydon'twanttoseevisitors.B.Theywantedtoraisetheirownpuppy.C.Theyarecutofffromtheoutsideworld.D.Theysufferfromserioushealthproblems.【即時演練1】Itisnotalwayseasytostayfocusedonthethingswewantorneedtodo.Therearemanythingsthatcandistract(使分心)usandaffectourcompletingthetasksthatneedtobedone.Stayingfocusedmayneedpractice，butitispossible.Hereisthemethod.Setsomegoalsforyourself.Whenpeoplehaveacleargoalthattheyareworkingtowards,ithelpsthemtostayfocusedonaccomplishingthatgoal.Itmaybehelpfulifyouwritedownthegoalthatyouareworkingtowardsandgiveyourselfatimelimittoachieveit.Thiscanhelpyoukeeptrackofyourprogressalongtheway.Whyshouldyouwritedownyourgoalandsetatimelimittoit?Tohelpyoupayattentiontoit.TogiveyoudirectionofprogressToenjoyagreatersenseofachievementTohelpyouknowhowyouaregettingalong【即時演練2】Perhapsthebestwaytoprotecttheseanimalsistoreduceourinteractionwiththem.Thiswecoulddobykeepingaminimumdistancebetweentheanimalsandtheboats,andbylimitingthenumberofboatsoutonthewateratonetime.Mostimportantly,insteadofinterruptingtheseanimals’routines,weshouldtrytoadapttothem.Inthisway,wecouldlearntoexistinharmonywiththesewildanimalsandensureourcontinuedco-existenceontheplanetthatweshallshare.Whatissuggestedtostayinharmonywithwildanimalsaccordingtothetext?A.Makinglessinteractionwiththem.B.Keepingaminimumdistancebetweenboats.C.Banningboatsenteringtheirhabitat.D.Makingthemadapttoourdailyroutine.【即時演練3】YangQuan,anofficialincharge,saidthemovewillplayanimportantroleinpromotingnewtechnologieswhilefacilitatingtheirpracticalusesinurbandevelopment.Hesaidthetwolabprojectswilloffermoreopportunitiesinthedevelopmentofsmallandmedium-sizedcompaniesintheneweconomy.Thiswillhelpformrelativelymatureindustryclusters(集群)toboost（使繁榮）thelocaleconomy.34.WhatcanwelearnfromYang’sremarks?A.Companieswillgetfinancialsupport.B.Newtechnologiesplayanimportantroleinthemove.C.Themovewillspeedupthelocaleconomy.D.Smallcompanieswilldeclineduetothemove.【即時演練4】Arecentstudyhasshownthatthebehaviorofwhalesanddolphinschangesgreatlywhentheyareclosetoboats.Interpretingtheboatsasapossibledanger,theystarttobreathemoretobreathemorequickly.Theboatsdrivethemawayfromtheplaceswheretheyfeedandinterrupttheirroutineofrestingandtakingcareoftheiryoung.Allofthesefactorscouldhaveaverynegativeeffectontheirgeneralhealth.Anotherfactorthatshouldbetakenintoaccountistheeffectofhumanattentionontheanimals.Astheybecomemoreusedtointeractingwithhumans,theybecomelessafraidofthem.Therehavebeenseveralcasesoftourboatsrunningintodolphinsorwhalesandcausingtheirdeaths.Asdolphinslivewithinclosecommunities,eventslikethesecausealotofstress.30.Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentstudy? A.Thevisitingboatsexcitewhalesanddolphins. B.Boatsdriveyoungwhalesanddolphinsawayfromtheirparents. C.Human’sattentionbenefitswhalesanddolphinsalot. D.Gettingtooclosetowildanimalsmaycausetroubletothem.【即時演練5】“AlibabawasneveraboutJackMa,”hestatedinannouncinghissuccessionplan.Instead,theformerschoolteacherwhocamefromlowlyoriginsissteppingbackfromday-to-dayoperationsbecausehehasbuiltasystemthattakesrootinacompanyculturebasedoninnovation,transparency,andresponsibility.“Forthelast10years,wekeptworkingontheseingredients,”hestated.Thecompany’sfuturewilldependondevelopingawealthoftalentthatdrivesinnovation,hesaid.Andinasocietywithalongtraditionofcautiousdistrusttowardthoseoutsidethefamilycircle,Mahasbuiltan“architectureoftrust”withcustomers,whonumberoverhalfabillion.ChinesenowreadilyrelyonAlibaba’sonlinepaymentsystem,itsratingsofproductsandservices,andothertrust-buildingsystemsormethodspioneeredbythecompany.Whatseemstobetherecipeforthecompany’sfuturesuccess?A.Trust-buildingmethods.B.The“architectureoftrust”.C.Acultureoftalentdevelopment.D.Thelatestsuccessfulinnovations.【綜合應用】Thereareseveralitemsthatmostwouldconsidertobedailyessentialsthattheyneedtohaveintheirpursesatalltimes.Fewwouldconsiderapairofscissorstobeamongtheseitems.ButforShiQiling,thistoolhasbeenwithhereverywhereshegoesforthepastdecade—notasameanofself-protectionbutartisticexpression.“Papercuttingisnotaboutthecuttingrandompatternsfrompaper.Writerstellstoriesusingwords,Idothesame,butwithapairofscissors,”Shisaid.Shidevelopedaninterestinhandicraft(手工藝)whenshewasachildwhooftenfoundhimselfaloneathome.Outofboredom,shewouldplaywithpaper,foldingandcuttingthemintodifferentshapes.Thisinterestlaterdevelopedintoapassion,onethatshedecidedtopursuebymajoringinartsanddesignduringhertimeinuniversity.Aftergraduation,however,shefoundworkingatashipdesigncompanyasshewasunsureaboutwhatshewantedtodowithherfuture.Aboutayearlater,theShanghaiArtsandCraftsResearchInstituteofferedherapositionintheirpaper-cuttingdepartmentRealizingthatshestillhadaloveforthehandicraft,shemadethecareerswitch.In2010，Shistartedlearningpaper-cuttingfromXiXiaoqin，anexpertofpaper-cutting.Threeyearslater，oneofherworksTherightingwonthethirdplaceinanationalcompetition.Sixyearslater,ShiwasnamedaShanghaipaper-cuttinginheritor(繼承人）andbecamethecity’s“youngestinheritor”ofthepaper-cuttingheritage.Overthepastdecade，Shi’sworkshavebeenexhibitedin23exhibitions.AlthoughShiisalreadysoskilledthatshecancreateananimalpatternin10minutes,shecontinuestopracticeherskillseveryday.Thereasonisthatsheviewspaper-cuttingasnotjustanartform,butalsoaformoflearningabouttraditionalChineseculture.Shethinksshehastheresponsibilitytoinheritthiscul