硬盤的主要部件介紹課件

WesternDigitalDriveBasic西部數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)證工程師09-12月-221WesternDigital西部數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)證工程師1SpindleMotor

旋轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)DiskMedia

記錄數(shù)據(jù)碟片VCMMagnet

音圈馬達(dá)磁鐵BaseCasting

鑄件之底座AirCirculationFilter

空氣過濾器Latch音圈卡鎖硬盤–主要部件介紹(1)2SpindleMotorDiskMediaVCMMagBaseCover頂蓋HSA(HeadstackAssembly)Disk碟片Spacer間隔圈SpindleMotor旋轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)Clamp固定銷VCM(VoiceCoilMagnet)硬盤–主要部件介紹(2)3BaseCoverHSA(HeadstackAssemb硬盤–HeadstackAssembly(HSA-頭堆)Bracket/Connector托架/連接器FlexCircuit撓性電纜VoiceCoilPivot軸ActuatorSuspension懸臂Slider/Head滑片/磁頭4硬盤–HeadstackAssembly(HSA-頭堆數(shù)據(jù)記錄原理基礎(chǔ)5514YEARS20MBTechnicalSpecs...PhysicalParameters:Cylinders =782Heads =2Sectors/track =27Sectors/drive =42,228RPM=4500DataDensity:Bits/inch(BPI) =22KbTracks/inch(TPI) =1021Caviar1990250GB(250,000MB!)PhysicalParameters:Cylinders =74,686Heads =6Sectors/track =506–945Sectors/drive =488,397,168RPM=7200DataDensity:Bits/inch(BPI) =660KbTracks/inch(TPI) =76,000Caviar2004同樣是3.5”的結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在的硬盤能存儲(chǔ)超過90年的20M硬盤12,500倍的數(shù)據(jù)硬盤容量的增長(zhǎng)歷史614YEARS20MBTechnicalSpecs.head3head2head1head0底部和頂部都可記錄數(shù)據(jù)Tracks-指一個(gè)單環(huán)形Cylinders同半徑同心圓在所有碟片面上的集合Sectors-軌被512字節(jié)的扇區(qū)分割開來這就是數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)的地方數(shù)據(jù)被集合到了有512字節(jié)的扇區(qū)7head3底部和頂部都可記錄數(shù)據(jù)TracksSector506

SectorsperTrack752

SectorsperTrack945

SectorsperTrackZonedBitRecording碟片以7200RPM的恆定速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)硬盤被分成了不同的同心區(qū)域內(nèi)部的區(qū)域包含了較少的物理空間,也就包含較少的扇區(qū)數(shù)外圈有更多的空間,也包含了更多的扇區(qū)對(duì)於3.5”硬盤,著陸區(qū)位於直徑的中間部分LandingZone8506SectorsperTrack752SectoServoWedge–特別的非數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域用於定位磁頭在軌道上的恰當(dāng)位置DATA(512bytes)onesector/oneLBADataandServoWedgeRecording9ServoWedge–特別的非數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域DATA(51CBdatadataservoADrotationUsingServoWedgestoStayTrackCenterTrackCenterCBdatadataservoADrotationUsing10

頭堆(HSA)接到一個(gè)通過線纜傳來的電流信號(hào)以後,其上面的線圈將會(huì)產(chǎn)生電磁場(chǎng),他的末端將會(huì)在電磁場(chǎng)的作用下做做環(huán)形移動(dòng)ctromagnet.

電流的大小由伺服電路的計(jì)算得出在不同電流的作用下,很精確的加速度和負(fù)加速度可以被編程增強(qiáng)了性能和伺服的準(zhǔn)確性DiskHSA(HeadStackAssembly)COILVCM(VoiceCoilMagnet)DiskHSA(HeadStackAssembly)COILVCM(VoiceCoilMagnet)移動(dòng)磁頭到正確的軌道11頭堆(HSA)接到一個(gè)通過線纜傳來的電流信號(hào)以後,其上面Avg.AccessTime=

SeekTime+Latency+TransferTime+

ControllerOverhead1/31/31/3requestedsectordiskrotationDISK一般認(rèn)為這指碟片與主機(jī)之間在收到寫或者讀請(qǐng)求的所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間平均尋道時(shí)間SeekTime:將磁頭移動(dòng)到希望到達(dá)的位置之間距離所用的時(shí)間.距離的典型的值為碟片半徑的1/3Latency:在數(shù)據(jù)到達(dá)讀寫磁頭下面之前硬盤多等待的時(shí)間.TransferTime:數(shù)據(jù)與主機(jī)之間傳送所需要的時(shí)間ControllerOverhead:將主機(jī)端發(fā)來的命令解碼所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間7200RPM硬盤要比轉(zhuǎn)速比其慢的硬盤有更快的平均尋道時(shí)間,原因是7200RPM的硬盤有更短的Latency和Seektimes12Avg.AccessTime=SeekTime+

讀寫磁頭基礎(chǔ)1313滑板/磁頭放置在1角硬幣上的大小(US$.01)14滑板/磁頭放置在1角硬幣上的大小(US$.01)14空白的磁頭晶圓15空白的磁頭晶圓156.4kilometerstraveled2.7gmsofmassaddedAu,Cu,PtMn,NiFeCr,Ta,CoNiFe,Cr,AlO,Ti,Ru,NiNb,CoFe,CoPt,NiFe,CoFeN,plusvariousphoto-resists.038mmofheightadded>>20KHeads加工後的磁頭晶圓166.4kilometerstraveled2.7gmsIn1974,theheadflyingheightwasequivalenttoaBoeing747airlinerflyingat15cmabovetheground

–in2004,the747hastoflyat0.05cm1974年,磁頭飛行高度與波音747班機(jī)飛行在地面之上的比效是在15cm,而在2004,是在0.05cmTheloadonthesliderisequivalentto100,000passengers相當(dāng)於載100,000位乘客Thespeedofthediskundertheheadisupto92kmperhourfora7200RPMdrive相對(duì)於747班機(jī)飛行在地面之上磁頭在7200轉(zhuǎn)硬盤之下的速度是92每小時(shí)公里Theheadcansurviverepeatedlateralaccelerationsof1000Gsandverticalaccelerationsof300Gs–humansblackoutat9Gs磁頭能承受1000Gs的側(cè)向加速和300Gs的垂直加速-人只能夠承受9GsThe747isdesignedfor30,000takeoffsandlandings,thehead100,000747被設(shè)計(jì)作為30,000次的升降,但磁頭為100,000次Heads–Celebrating52yearsofFlight

磁頭-慶祝飛行52年17In1974,theheadflyingheigh典型的硬盤磁頭設(shè)計(jì)AirBearingSurfaces空氣軸承表面Read/writesensors讀寫傳感器Slider滑子18典型的硬盤磁頭設(shè)計(jì)AirBearingSurfaces空磁頭/碟片飛行高度和污染物的比較Today'sharddriveheadstypically“fly”ataround100?abovethemedia今天典型的磁頭“飛行”在碟片上100?Forcomparison:為比較:HeadFlyHeight~100?19磁頭/碟片飛行高度和污染物的比較Today'shardd磁頭和碟片的尺寸Thegeometryoftheheadmediainterfaceconsistsof:磁頭媒介接口包括:1meterequals10,000,000,000?(100億)/1米=10,000,000,000?(100億)Radiusofthemedia’sdatazone資料區(qū)的半徑~300,000,000?SizeoftheSlider滑子的大小~10,000,000?HeadMediamechanicalspacing磁頭架構(gòu)的間隔~100?Disksurfaceroughness~3?Compareto:Humanhair頭髮~1,000,000?Bacteria細(xì)菌~5000?Tobaccosmoke煙草的煙~2500?Virus病毒~100?=HeadFlyHeight!磁頭飛行高度20磁頭和碟片的尺寸Thegeometryofthehe今天的硬盤都已經(jīng)使用(G)MR磁頭從碟片上讀寫資料典型的硬盤磁頭的設(shè)計(jì)MRREADINGelementInductiveWRITINGelementWRITESIGNALSREADSIGNALS21今天的硬盤都已經(jīng)使用(G)MR磁頭從碟片上讀寫資料典型的硬盤由于碟片在磁頭下面轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),磁頭產(chǎn)生短暫的脈沖磁場(chǎng),這個(gè)磁場(chǎng)經(jīng)過碟片上的鍍磁層的時(shí)候,磁單元被磁化從而進(jìn)行重新的排列.InductiveHead在碟片上寫數(shù)據(jù)的原理22由于碟片在磁頭下面轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),磁頭產(chǎn)生短暫的脈沖磁場(chǎng),這個(gè)磁場(chǎng)經(jīng)過碟片上磁單元的磁場(chǎng)將經(jīng)過磁頭下面,這將引起GMR磁頭電阻的急速變化,這些信號(hào)將會(huì)被硬盤電子電路獲得,從而讀去到數(shù)據(jù).從碟片上讀數(shù)據(jù)的原理23碟片上磁單元的磁場(chǎng)將經(jīng)過磁頭下面,這將引起GMR磁頭電阻的急magneticfieldsNSNSNSNSNSdiskrotationmagneticlayerofthedisk在磁盤被寫之後,上面有數(shù)十億的小的磁極化因子ThelittlemagnetsaredecodedasthedatawrittentodiskFuturetechnologywillincludePerpendicularRecording碟片上的數(shù)據(jù)24magneticfieldsNSNSNSNSNSdiskMaximizeArealDensity最大化地區(qū)密度CapacityismeasuredbyArealDensity容量由地區(qū)密度測(cè)量ArealDensity=TPIxBPI(Gbits/in2)

where: TPI=tracksperinch每英寸磁道數(shù) BPI=bitsperinch位元每英寸Toholdmoredata,needmoreTPIandBPI須要更多資料,需要更多TPI和BPIAscapacityincreases,bitsizesmustdecrease,makingItmoredifficulttowriteandreadthemagneticsignal當(dāng)容量增大,位元體積必須減少,使它更難寫和讀磁性信號(hào)ConsumersWantsBiggerCapacityDrives消費(fèi)者想要更大的容量MaximizeArealDensity最大化地區(qū)密度C25tracks磁道bits1989TodayHigherArealDensityisAlwaysaChallenge密度的挑戰(zhàn)Lessmagneticsignaltoread比較上磁力信號(hào)弱tracks磁道bits1989TodayHigherAr2676,000Tracks/inch(TPI)~660,000

databits/inchalsodefinedas(660Kbpi)

~660,000資料位元/英寸並且被定義和(660Kbpi)Diskspinsat

7200RPMInoneinch,theRead/Writeheadcandifferentiate660,000databits磁頭能在一吋的磁片上讀到660,000bits資料Alsoinoneinch,itcanplaceabout76,000tracks在一吋的磁片上有76000磁軌CurrentArealDensity當(dāng)前的地區(qū)密度2776,000Tracks/inch(TPI)~660臺(tái)式機(jī)市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)–容量42%32%10%8%16%29%24%18%TrendFocus,August200428臺(tái)式機(jī)市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)–容量42%32%10%8%16%29%2硬盤碟片

Basics29硬盤碟片Basics29Harddiskmediaismadeupofseverallayersofmaterial–allwithveryimportantfunctionsBasematerialusedformediaare:Aluminumfor3.5”harddrivesGlassfor2.5”harddrivesGoalistobestrongandverysmooth/flatMostimportantlayerisMagneticlayerthatactuallyrecordstheuserdataToplayersofferprotectionasheadflyheightis~100?硬碟片是用幾層不同材料造成-每層都有非常重要作用基本材料是:3.5“硬碟為鋁2.5“硬碟為玻璃目的是強(qiáng)化/光滑/扁平最重要層是magnetic層用作記錄用戶資料頂層提供保護(hù)因?yàn)榇蓬^飛行高度是~100?DiskMediaBasics磁片的基本構(gòu)造30Harddiskmediaismadeupof硬盤磁頭

Basics

31硬盤磁頭Basics

31MalaysiaThailandFremont,CAThailandHeadR&DWaferFabSliderHGAHSAHDHDPCBAHDSOperations–制造基地32MalaysiaThailandFremont,CASliderFabWaferFabHDFGIHSAHGATotalCycleTime:49-52daystocompletedHDCycleTimefromwaferstarttoHSA=46daysHeadManufacturingFlow磁頭制造流程59days63days46days

MfrB

MfrAWDComparativeWaferStarttoHSACycleTimesWafer

Under-CoatingWDFremontWDThailand33SliderFabWaferFabFGIHGATotalBS/BA34%MS/MA25%PhD34%Diploma7%PhD20%MS/MA23%BS/BA33%Diploma24%ExemptStaffExperience: 18YearsNewstaff(non-RR): 13%FremontResources–ProfessionalStaffManagementExperience: 20YearsNewstaff(non-RR): 16%34BS/BA34%MS/MA25%PhD34%Diploma7WDHeadTechnology35WDHeadTechnology35研發(fā)任務(wù)利用領(lǐng)先技術(shù)為西部數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值Best-of-breedreliabilityDesignformanufacturabilityHigh-yielding,low-costproducts36研發(fā)任務(wù)利用領(lǐng)先技術(shù)為西部數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值36西部數(shù)據(jù)磁頭技術(shù)狀況側(cè)重于于臺(tái)式機(jī)市場(chǎng)CurrentgenerationoverallassessmentSignificantprogresssinceAug.2003Best-in-classreliability,lowestfailurerateYieldscompetitivewithbest-in-classvendorContinuedengagementbyR&DduringproductionphaseNormalizedReliabilityFailureRateNormalizedDriveYieldsCY2003FailureRatesYields0.00.81.01.2WDBest-in-ClassVendor0.00.81.0WDAug.2003WDCurrentBest-in-ClassVendor37西部數(shù)據(jù)磁頭技術(shù)狀況側(cè)重于于臺(tái)式機(jī)市場(chǎng)NormalizedRoadmapOverviewHDIndustryArealDensityGrowthSlowing200020012002200320042005101001000GB/disk

125-133GBAdvancedGMRAdvancedDepositionHighMomentWritePolePlanarWriteHeadThinOvercoatsDynamicControls167GBCPPReadHeadPerpendicularWriterAdvancedMaterialsDynamicControls10GBGMRheads40GBEnhancedGMR

80GBSpecularGMRDeepUVLithography38RoadmapOverviewHDIndustryAr技術(shù)發(fā)展里程WriterReaderLongitudinalPerpendicularGMRAdvancedGMRCPP-GMR,TMR

GMRGiantMagnetoResistanceTMRTunnelingMagnetoResistanceCPPCurrentPerpendiculartoPlane80GB120GB160GB>240GB39技術(shù)發(fā)展里程WriterReaderLongitudinal長(zhǎng)期的技術(shù)進(jìn)步TimeframeLeadingCompetitorWesternDigital2003-2004LongitudinalLongitudinal2004-2011PerpendicularPerpendicular,Discretetrack2008-2014ThermalAssist,ProbePerpendicular,Discretetrack,ThermalAssist40長(zhǎng)期的技術(shù)進(jìn)步TimeframeLeadingCompet什麼是Firmware（固件）Firmware（固件）介于軟件(Software)與硬件(Hardware)之間，可以翻譯為韌件是控制機(jī)器底層基本操作的機(jī)器培訓(xùn)指令集。WD公司通過不斷修改及升級(jí)步驟發(fā)布最新韌件。BIOS是BasicInputandOutputSystem的縮寫，是一種寫在ROM（只讀存儲(chǔ)器）里面的軟件，用來搭配各種硬件的設(shè)置、啟動(dòng)、測(cè)試等等。所以不同的硬件就必須搭配不同的BIOS，才能進(jìn)行各自特有的指令與設(shè)置。SCSI/IDEBIOS一般都被儲(chǔ)存在SCSI卡/IDEPCBA上的ROM里面，由于目前大部分都采用FlashROM，因此可以從網(wǎng)站上下載同型號(hào)的固件（Firmware），或由WD公司提供固件來更新ROM版本。

41什麼是Firmware（固件）Firmware（固件）介

FWisthebridgebetweenphysicalH/Wdesignandthefunctionalspecification.ItwilldependonthefeatureoftheCPUtosimplifytheH/Wdesign.YoumaysaythatF/WisalistoftheproceduresanddecisionwhichwillbefollowedbythespecificH/Wforgettingthedesiredfunctionalresult.Whenpoweron,F/WwillbeloadedtomemoryandexecutedbyCPU.Therewillbeinitialization,I/Ocontrol,memorymanagement,commandexecution....IftheH/WisdesignedforresidentF/W,youmusthavethecodetofunctiontheH/W.WhatisFirmWare:什麼是Firmware（固件）42FWisthebridgebetweenpF/Wdesignreference:

Functionalspecification Operationalflowchart CPUusedandcommandsupported. Controllingdevicesinterface. Chipsetregisters-functionaldefinition AddressmapoftheH/W-I/OandMemorylayout. Memorycapacity.什麼是Firmware（固件）43F/Wdesignreference:什麼是FirmwaThankYou44ThankYou44WesternDigitalDriveBasic西部數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)證工程師09-12月-2245WesternDigital西部數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)證工程師1SpindleMotor

旋轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)DiskMedia

記錄數(shù)據(jù)碟片VCMMagnet

音圈馬達(dá)磁鐵BaseCasting

鑄件之底座AirCirculationFilter

空氣過濾器Latch音圈卡鎖硬盤–主要部件介紹(1)46SpindleMotorDiskMediaVCMMagBaseCover頂蓋HSA(HeadstackAssembly)Disk碟片Spacer間隔圈SpindleMotor旋轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)Clamp固定銷VCM(VoiceCoilMagnet)硬盤–主要部件介紹(2)47BaseCoverHSA(HeadstackAssemb硬盤–HeadstackAssembly(HSA-頭堆)Bracket/Connector托架/連接器FlexCircuit撓性電纜VoiceCoilPivot軸ActuatorSuspension懸臂Slider/Head滑片/磁頭48硬盤–HeadstackAssembly(HSA-頭堆數(shù)據(jù)記錄原理基礎(chǔ)49514YEARS20MBTechnicalSpecs...PhysicalParameters:Cylinders =782Heads =2Sectors/track =27Sectors/drive =42,228RPM=4500DataDensity:Bits/inch(BPI) =22KbTracks/inch(TPI) =1021Caviar1990250GB(250,000MB!)PhysicalParameters:Cylinders =74,686Heads =6Sectors/track =506–945Sectors/drive =488,397,168RPM=7200DataDensity:Bits/inch(BPI) =660KbTracks/inch(TPI) =76,000Caviar2004同樣是3.5”的結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在的硬盤能存儲(chǔ)超過90年的20M硬盤12,500倍的數(shù)據(jù)硬盤容量的增長(zhǎng)歷史5014YEARS20MBTechnicalSpecs.head3head2head1head0底部和頂部都可記錄數(shù)據(jù)Tracks-指一個(gè)單環(huán)形Cylinders同半徑同心圓在所有碟片面上的集合Sectors-軌被512字節(jié)的扇區(qū)分割開來這就是數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)的地方數(shù)據(jù)被集合到了有512字節(jié)的扇區(qū)51head3底部和頂部都可記錄數(shù)據(jù)TracksSector506

SectorsperTrack752

SectorsperTrack945

SectorsperTrackZonedBitRecording碟片以7200RPM的恆定速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)硬盤被分成了不同的同心區(qū)域內(nèi)部的區(qū)域包含了較少的物理空間,也就包含較少的扇區(qū)數(shù)外圈有更多的空間,也包含了更多的扇區(qū)對(duì)於3.5”硬盤,著陸區(qū)位於直徑的中間部分LandingZone52506SectorsperTrack752SectoServoWedge–特別的非數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域用於定位磁頭在軌道上的恰當(dāng)位置DATA(512bytes)onesector/oneLBADataandServoWedgeRecording53ServoWedge–特別的非數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域DATA(51CBdatadataservoADrotationUsingServoWedgestoStayTrackCenterTrackCenterCBdatadataservoADrotationUsing54

頭堆(HSA)接到一個(gè)通過線纜傳來的電流信號(hào)以後,其上面的線圈將會(huì)產(chǎn)生電磁場(chǎng),他的末端將會(huì)在電磁場(chǎng)的作用下做做環(huán)形移動(dòng)ctromagnet.

電流的大小由伺服電路的計(jì)算得出在不同電流的作用下,很精確的加速度和負(fù)加速度可以被編程增強(qiáng)了性能和伺服的準(zhǔn)確性DiskHSA(HeadStackAssembly)COILVCM(VoiceCoilMagnet)DiskHSA(HeadStackAssembly)COILVCM(VoiceCoilMagnet)移動(dòng)磁頭到正確的軌道55頭堆(HSA)接到一個(gè)通過線纜傳來的電流信號(hào)以後,其上面Avg.AccessTime=

SeekTime+Latency+TransferTime+

ControllerOverhead1/31/31/3requestedsectordiskrotationDISK一般認(rèn)為這指碟片與主機(jī)之間在收到寫或者讀請(qǐng)求的所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間平均尋道時(shí)間SeekTime:將磁頭移動(dòng)到希望到達(dá)的位置之間距離所用的時(shí)間.距離的典型的值為碟片半徑的1/3Latency:在數(shù)據(jù)到達(dá)讀寫磁頭下面之前硬盤多等待的時(shí)間.TransferTime:數(shù)據(jù)與主機(jī)之間傳送所需要的時(shí)間ControllerOverhead:將主機(jī)端發(fā)來的命令解碼所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間7200RPM硬盤要比轉(zhuǎn)速比其慢的硬盤有更快的平均尋道時(shí)間,原因是7200RPM的硬盤有更短的Latency和Seektimes56Avg.AccessTime=SeekTime+

讀寫磁頭基礎(chǔ)5713滑板/磁頭放置在1角硬幣上的大小(US$.01)58滑板/磁頭放置在1角硬幣上的大小(US$.01)14空白的磁頭晶圓59空白的磁頭晶圓156.4kilometerstraveled2.7gmsofmassaddedAu,Cu,PtMn,NiFeCr,Ta,CoNiFe,Cr,AlO,Ti,Ru,NiNb,CoFe,CoPt,NiFe,CoFeN,plusvariousphoto-resists.038mmofheightadded>>20KHeads加工後的磁頭晶圓606.4kilometerstraveled2.7gmsIn1974,theheadflyingheightwasequivalenttoaBoeing747airlinerflyingat15cmabovetheground

–in2004,the747hastoflyat0.05cm1974年,磁頭飛行高度與波音747班機(jī)飛行在地面之上的比效是在15cm,而在2004,是在0.05cmTheloadonthesliderisequivalentto100,000passengers相當(dāng)於載100,000位乘客Thespeedofthediskundertheheadisupto92kmperhourfora7200RPMdrive相對(duì)於747班機(jī)飛行在地面之上磁頭在7200轉(zhuǎn)硬盤之下的速度是92每小時(shí)公里Theheadcansurviverepeatedlateralaccelerationsof1000Gsandverticalaccelerationsof300Gs–humansblackoutat9Gs磁頭能承受1000Gs的側(cè)向加速和300Gs的垂直加速-人只能夠承受9GsThe747isdesignedfor30,000takeoffsandlandings,thehead100,000747被設(shè)計(jì)作為30,000次的升降,但磁頭為100,000次Heads–Celebrating52yearsofFlight

磁頭-慶祝飛行52年61In1974,theheadflyingheigh典型的硬盤磁頭設(shè)計(jì)AirBearingSurfaces空氣軸承表面Read/writesensors讀寫傳感器Slider滑子62典型的硬盤磁頭設(shè)計(jì)AirBearingSurfaces空磁頭/碟片飛行高度和污染物的比較Today'sharddriveheadstypically“fly”ataround100?abovethemedia今天典型的磁頭“飛行”在碟片上100?Forcomparison:為比較:HeadFlyHeight~100?63磁頭/碟片飛行高度和污染物的比較Today'shardd磁頭和碟片的尺寸Thegeometryoftheheadmediainterfaceconsistsof:磁頭媒介接口包括:1meterequals10,000,000,000?(100億)/1米=10,000,000,000?(100億)Radiusofthemedia’sdatazone資料區(qū)的半徑~300,000,000?SizeoftheSlider滑子的大小~10,000,000?HeadMediamechanicalspacing磁頭架構(gòu)的間隔~100?Disksurfaceroughness~3?Compareto:Humanhair頭髮~1,000,000?Bacteria細(xì)菌~5000?Tobaccosmoke煙草的煙~2500?Virus病毒~100?=HeadFlyHeight!磁頭飛行高度64磁頭和碟片的尺寸Thegeometryofthehe今天的硬盤都已經(jīng)使用(G)MR磁頭從碟片上讀寫資料典型的硬盤磁頭的設(shè)計(jì)MRREADINGelementInductiveWRITINGelementWRITESIGNALSREADSIGNALS65今天的硬盤都已經(jīng)使用(G)MR磁頭從碟片上讀寫資料典型的硬盤由于碟片在磁頭下面轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),磁頭產(chǎn)生短暫的脈沖磁場(chǎng),這個(gè)磁場(chǎng)經(jīng)過碟片上的鍍磁層的時(shí)候,磁單元被磁化從而進(jìn)行重新的排列.InductiveHead在碟片上寫數(shù)據(jù)的原理66由于碟片在磁頭下面轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),磁頭產(chǎn)生短暫的脈沖磁場(chǎng),這個(gè)磁場(chǎng)經(jīng)過碟片上磁單元的磁場(chǎng)將經(jīng)過磁頭下面,這將引起GMR磁頭電阻的急速變化,這些信號(hào)將會(huì)被硬盤電子電路獲得,從而讀去到數(shù)據(jù).從碟片上讀數(shù)據(jù)的原理67碟片上磁單元的磁場(chǎng)將經(jīng)過磁頭下面,這將引起GMR磁頭電阻的急magneticfieldsNSNSNSNSNSdiskrotationmagneticlayerofthedisk在磁盤被寫之後,上面有數(shù)十億的小的磁極化因子ThelittlemagnetsaredecodedasthedatawrittentodiskFuturetechnologywillincludePerpendicularRecording碟片上的數(shù)據(jù)68magneticfieldsNSNSNSNSNSdiskMaximizeArealDensity最大化地區(qū)密度CapacityismeasuredbyArealDensity容量由地區(qū)密度測(cè)量ArealDensity=TPIxBPI(Gbits/in2)

where: TPI=tracksperinch每英寸磁道數(shù) BPI=bitsperinch位元每英寸Toholdmoredata,needmoreTPIandBPI須要更多資料,需要更多TPI和BPIAscapacityincreases,bitsizesmustdecrease,makingItmoredifficulttowriteandreadthemagneticsignal當(dāng)容量增大,位元體積必須減少,使它更難寫和讀磁性信號(hào)ConsumersWantsBiggerCapacityDrives消費(fèi)者想要更大的容量MaximizeArealDensity最大化地區(qū)密度C69tracks磁道bits1989TodayHigherArealDensityisAlwaysaChallenge密度的挑戰(zhàn)Lessmagneticsignaltoread比較上磁力信號(hào)弱tracks磁道bits1989TodayHigherAr7076,000Tracks/inch(TPI)~660,000

databits/inchalsodefinedas(660Kbpi)

~660,000資料位元/英寸並且被定義和(660Kbpi)Diskspinsat

7200RPMInoneinch,theRead/Writeheadcandifferentiate660,000databits磁頭能在一吋的磁片上讀到660,000bits資料Alsoinoneinch,itcanplaceabout76,000tracks在一吋的磁片上有76000磁軌CurrentArealDensity當(dāng)前的地區(qū)密度7176,000Tracks/inch(TPI)~660臺(tái)式機(jī)市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)–容量42%32%10%8%16%29%24%18%TrendFocus,August200472臺(tái)式機(jī)市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)–容量42%32%10%8%16%29%2硬盤碟片

Basics73硬盤碟片Basics29Harddiskmediaismadeupofseverallayersofmaterial–allwithveryimportantfunctionsBasematerialusedformediaare:Aluminumfor3.5”harddrivesGlassfor2.5”harddrivesGoalistobestrongandverysmooth/flatMostimportantlayerisMagneticlayerthatactuallyrecordstheuserdataToplayersofferprotectionasheadflyheightis~100?硬碟片是用幾層不同材料造成-每層都有非常重要作用基本材料是:3.5“硬碟為鋁2.5“硬碟為玻璃目的是強(qiáng)化/光滑/扁平最重要層是magnetic層用作記錄用戶資料頂層提供保護(hù)因?yàn)榇蓬^飛行高度是~100?DiskMediaBasics磁片的基本構(gòu)造74Harddiskmediaismadeupof硬盤磁頭

Basics

75硬盤磁頭Basics

31MalaysiaThailandFremont,CAThailandHeadR&DWaferFabSliderHGAHSAHDHDPCBAHDSOperations–制造基地76MalaysiaThailandFremont,CASliderFabWaferFabHDFGIHSAHGATotalCycleTime:49-52daystocompletedHDCycleTimefromwaferstarttoHSA=46daysHeadManufacturingFlow磁頭制造流程59days63days46days

MfrB

MfrAWDComparativeWaferStarttoHSACycleTimesWafer

Under-CoatingWDFremontWDThailand77SliderFabWaferFabFGIHGATotalBS/BA34%MS/MA25%PhD34%Diploma7%PhD20%MS/MA23%BS/BA33%Diploma24%ExemptStaffExperience: 18YearsNewstaff(non-RR): 13%FremontResources–ProfessionalStaffManagementExperience: 20YearsNewstaff(non-RR): 16%78BS/BA34%MS/MA25%PhD34%Diploma7WDHeadTechnology79WDHeadTechnology35研發(fā)任務(wù)利用領(lǐng)先技術(shù)為西部數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值Best-of-breedreliabilityDesignformanufacturabilityHigh-yielding,low-costproducts80研發(fā)任務(wù)利用領(lǐng)先技術(shù)為西部數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值36西部數(shù)據(jù)磁頭技術(shù)狀況側(cè)重于于臺(tái)式機(jī)市場(chǎng)CurrentgenerationoverallassessmentSignificantprogresssinceAug.2003Best-in-classreliability,lowestfailurerateYieldscompetitivewithbest-in-classvendorContinuedengagementbyR&DduringproductionphaseNormalizedReliabilityFailureRateNormalizedDriveYieldsCY2003FailureRatesYields0.00.81.01.2WDBest-in-ClassVendor0.00.81.0WDAug.2003WDCurrentBest-in-ClassVendor81西部數(shù)據(jù)磁頭技術(shù)狀況側(cè)重于于臺(tái)式機(jī)市場(chǎng)NormalizedRoadmapOverviewHDIndustryArealDensityGrowthSlowing200020012002200320042005101001000GB/disk

125-133GBAdvancedGMRAdvancedD