組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件

組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)1（優(yōu)選）組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)（優(yōu)選）組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)2*aspecializedformofC.T.*acirculatingtissue*asatransportingmedium*atotalvolumeabout5litersin healthadultINTRODUCTION*aspecializedformofC.T.IN3Componentsofblood血液的組成成分

*Formedelements------bloodcells(45%)

*Intercellularsubstance------plasma(55%)

Erythrocytes紅細(xì)胞 Leukocytes白細(xì)胞 Platelets血小板H2O(90%)Plasmaproteins:albumin白蛋白,globulin球蛋白,fibrinogen纖維蛋白原,etc.Others:Componentsofblood血液的組成成分*4血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-------

plasmaLeukocytes+Platelets

--------Erythrocyte(Redbloodcell)anticoagulant(heparin)

抗凝劑（肝素）

血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-----5血塊、血清—Serum血清

—withoutanticoagulant

Clotting無(wú)纖維蛋白原血塊、血清—Serum血清—withoutantico6血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞：男（4.0—5.5）×1012/L

；女（3.5—5.0）×1012/L（350-500萬(wàn)個(gè)/ul)白細(xì)胞(4.0—10)×109

/L或4千-1萬(wàn)個(gè)/ul血小板（100—300）×109

/L

（或10-30萬(wàn)個(gè)/ul）

有粒白細(xì)胞

無(wú)粒白細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞50-70%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞0.5-3%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞0-1%淋巴細(xì)胞25-30%單核細(xì)胞3-8%血液有形成分正常值血象(hemogram)：血細(xì)胞的形態(tài)、數(shù)量、百分比及血紅蛋白的含量.血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞：男（4.0—5.5）×1012/L；7Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)組成。與酸性染料伊紅結(jié)合，染粉紅色；與堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)結(jié)合，染紫藍(lán)色。

Giemsa染色法（吉姆薩染色法）:吉姆薩染液由伊紅，天青組成。

血涂片bloodsmear:觀察血細(xì)胞形態(tài)染色方法:Wright或Giemsa染色Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性8一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodcell,RBC）

1.結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)2.血型3.功能4.壽命5.網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodce9MatureErythrocyte

*biconcavediscshape,

providing

greatersurfacearea;

*nonucleusandorganelles;

*

Hemoglobin(Hb

);*deformability.SEMSize:7.5~8.5μm(diameter)Number:

Male:4.2~5.5×1012/L(Hb:120~150g/L) Female:3.5~5.0×1012/L(Hb:110~140g/L)MatureErythrocyteSEMSize:7.10組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件112．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原

A型：有A型抗原B型：有B型抗原O型：無(wú)A型、B型抗原AB型：有A型、B型抗原3．功能:

紅細(xì)胞具有攜帶O２和CO２的功能，由血紅蛋白執(zhí)行。4．壽命:紅細(xì)胞的平均壽命約為120天。溶血(hemolysis)血影（erythrocyteghost）:溶血后殘留的紅細(xì)胞膜囊。2．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原3．功能:紅細(xì)12*notfullymatureRBC*0.51%ofatotalnumberofRBC*nonucleus*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*remainingHbsynthesis*ClinicsignificanceReticulocyte網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞

*notfullymatureRBCReticu13

PathologicalconditionsNumberSizeShapeHbAnemia貧血

Erythrocytosis紅細(xì)胞增多癥

Spherocytosis;SicklecellanemiaThalassemia（地中海貧血）Large/smallcellanemia PathologicalconditionsAnemia14

Sickle-cellanemiaisapainfuldiseaseinwhichRBCsbecomecrescentshapedduetoinheritanceofanabnormaltypeofhemoglobin.SickledRBCsbreakdown,releasinghemoglobinintothecirculation.

15FunctionofgranularleukocytesComponentsofblood血液的組成成分whichareabletodissolvebone.*sphericalshapeINTRODUCTION(large,less)containing:incompleteBMrod-like2-3lobulated 4-5lobulated young oldgiverisetoosteoclasts破骨細(xì)胞,lymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞-------plasmaBasophil*Lysozyme溶菌酶①Granulomere:centrally*aspecializedformofC.#immunologicaldefencediscontinuousendothelia,powerfulproliferationProducematruebloodc.Componentsofblood血液的組成成分NormalRBCSickledRBC鐮狀Functionofgranularleukocyte16組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件17Typically,theaffectedRBCsaresmall,sphericallyshaped,andlackthelightcentersseeninnormalRBCs.SpherocytosisTypically,theaffectedRBCsa18Generalcharacteristicofleukocytes

*sphericalshape *possesnuclei *presenceoforganelles *atotalnumberlessthanthatoferythrocytes*exhibitingamoeboidmovement *involvinginbodydefensesandimmunity二、白細(xì)胞（leukocyte,whitebloodcell，WBC）Generalcharacteristicofleuk19

20Classification *Granularleukocytes有粒白細(xì)胞 neutrophils5070%中性粒細(xì)胞 eosinophils0.53%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞 basophils01%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞 *Agranularleukocytes無(wú)粒白細(xì)胞 lymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞 monocytes38%單核細(xì)胞Classification21

NeutrophilSize:1012μm(diameter)Morphology形態(tài)nucleus：highlymorphonuclear

rod-like

2-3lobulated 4-5lobulated young oldcytoplasm：

specificgranules:80%,small azurophilicgranules:20%,lysosome溶酶體

Neutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞(嗜天青顆粒)NeutrophilNeutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞22中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖（示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老）中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖（示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老）23中性粒細(xì)胞（血涂片）NeutrophilsLobulatednuclei

Rod-likenucleusazurophilicgranules*fine,uniform細(xì)膩，均勻

*evenlydistributed*pinkstainingCharateristicsofspecificgranules:中性粒細(xì)胞（血涂片）NeutrophilsLobulat24Specificgranules(80%,samll)contain:alkalinephosphatase堿性磷酸酶

*Phagocytin吞噬素*lysozyme

溶菌酶AzurophilicG.(large,less)containing:acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶*

Peroxidase過氧化物酶Neutrophil(EM)Specificgranules(80%,samll)25FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)趨化性:Attractedbychemotacticfactor(releasedbymacrophages)Phagocytosis&destroybacteria:吞噬和殺滅細(xì)菌

thenumberofleukocytes↑

acute

the%ofneutrophils↑

bacteriainfection

FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)26Size:1012μm(diameter)LM:nucleus:

lobulated;Sorirregular; obscuredoutlinecytoplasm:basophilicgranules

*variablesize*unevendistribution*strongbasophiliaCharacteristicBasophil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞Size:1012μm(diameter)*27

BasophilE.M.:Basophilicgranulescontain:*heparin*

histamineF.N.:

*

anticoagulate*

responsibletoallergicreactionnucleusBasophilE.M.:nucleus28ghost）:溶血后殘留4．壽命:紅細(xì)胞的平均壽命densetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素Thalassemia（地中海貧血）located,purplebluegranules.azurophilicgranulesdensetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素crystalloidinthecenter2．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原BCell:1015%humoralimmunity*histaminase組胺酶whichcontainsubstances:Giemsa染色法（吉姆薩染色法）:吉姆薩染液由伊紅，天青組成。*aspecializedformofC.MonocyteunderEMSmallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrion中性粒細(xì)胞50-70%centrifugation(離心)51%ofatotalnumber3．功能:紅細(xì)胞具有攜帶Size:1015μm(diameter)LM: -usuallybilobednucleus-eosinophilicgranules

*strongeosinophilia(reddish) *coarseandrefractile *uniformsizeandevenlydistributedEosinophils嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞Characteristicghost）:溶血后殘留Size:1015μm(d29（電鏡）

Eosinophilicgranules(primarylysosomes)whichcontainsubstances: *acidphosphatase *arylsulphatase芳基硫酸酯酶 *Peroxidase *histaminase組胺酶nucleusEosinophilicgranules

withcrystalloidinthecenter(EM)（電鏡） Eosinophilicgranules(p30FunctionChemotaxis（趨化性）attractedbychemotacticfactorfromthemastcellsPhagocytize（吞噬）foreignbodies,AgAbcomplexAntiallergy（抗過敏）Releasehistaminase，inactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionAntiparasite

（抗寄生蟲）

Itisincreasedinpatientsinfectedw/allergicreactionorparasiteFunctionChemotaxis（趨化性）31Neutrophils:*ruffledmembranemovement*chemetaxis*phagocytosisEosinophils:antiparasite;antiallergyBasophils: *anticoagulation; *involvinginallergicresponseFunctionofgranularleukocytesNeutrophils:Functionofgranu32Size:1420μm(diameter)Nucleus:large,eccentric,lightstaining, deepindentation,horseshoecytoplasmabundant，graybluestaining, weakbasophilia, numerouspurplegranules(azurophilicG)Monocyte單核細(xì)胞Size:1420μm(diameter)Mono33組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件34

Smallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrionRER,Lysosomes(azurophilicgranule)contain:*Peroxidase*Acidphoshpatase*Lysozyme

溶菌酶(EM模式圖）nucleusMonocyteunderEM

Smallpseudopodia,microvill35Functionof

monocyte

-differentiateintomacrophages.phagocytosisimmuneresponsegiverisetoosteoclasts破骨細(xì)胞,whichareabletodissolvebone.

Functionofmonocyte-differe36Lymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:small6～8μm;mediumsized9～12μm;large13～20μmSmalllymphocyte(90%):LM:Roundorovoid;Nu.:sphericity,indentation,condensedchromatin,darkstaining.Cytoplasm:scanty,asathinriminlightbluew/azurophilicgranules

Lymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:sma37*alargenumberoffreeribosomes,*afewmitochondria,andotherorganelles*exhibitingsmallcytoplasmicprojectionsinthesurfaceofcells.(EM模式圖）nucleusLymphocyteunderEM

*alargenumberoffreeribos38Classification*function#TCell:75%cellularimmunityBCell:1015%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(K&NKcell)*basedonthesource,characteristicsoncellularmembrane,life&function#immunologicaldefenceClassification&FunctionClassification*39血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。MonocyteunderEM*coarseandrefractile*Hemoglobin(Hb);ghost）:溶血后殘留the%ofneutrophils↑bacteriainfectionlymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞monocytes38%單核細(xì)胞*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*Granularleukocytes有粒白細(xì)胞白,fibrinogen纖維蛋白原,etc.Componentsofblood血液的組成成分Structureofbonemarrow骨髓的結(jié)構(gòu)densegranules致密顆粒:serotonin(5HT),ADP,ATP,Ca2+&adrenaline腎上腺素phagocytosisgranulocyteserieslobulated;Sorirregular;一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodcell,RBC）三、血小板（bloodplatelet,thrombocyte）Megakaryocyte’sfragment,inclumpsLM:2～4μm，disclikeorirregular,anucleated.Tworegions:①Granulomere:centrallylocated,purplebluegranules.②Hyalomere:peripherallylocated,inlightblue.血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。三、血小板（bloo40①cellcoat:richinglycoproteinsassociatedtoplateletadhesion;②M.T.system:a.openingtubulesystem開放小管系統(tǒng):toincreasethesurfaceareaforplateletadhesion.b.densetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素E.M.:①cellcoat:richinE.M.:41③actinlikeM.F微絲:mobile.④granules:a.αgranules(specialgranules):containingplateletderivedgrowthfactor,PDGF;thrombospondin.b.densegranules致密顆粒:serotonin(5HT),ADP,ATP,Ca2+&adrenaline腎上腺素③actinlikeM.F微絲:42FunctionHemostasia止血:2.

Coagulation凝血:3.

Protectbloodvesselendothelium,repairingendothelium,preventatherosclerosis(動(dòng)脈硬化)FunctionHemostasia止血:43SlidesreviewSlidesreview44組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件45五、骨髓和血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生

（bonemarrowandhematopoiesis）

Hematopoieticorgan造血器官

yolksac卵黃囊（earlyembryo)→Liver肝/spleen脾(6w—5m)

→bonemarrow骨髓(4mandafter)Structureofbonemarrow

骨髓的結(jié)構(gòu)

redbonemarrow:hematopoietictissue造血組織

+bloodsinusoid血竇

yellowbonemarrow:adiposetissue脂肪組織

+immaturehemocyte血細(xì)胞五、骨髓和血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生

（bonemarrowand46Redbonemarrow

hematopoietictissue:造血組織reticularc.t.+hemocytesinvariousstage,macrophages,adipocytes,mesenchymalcells

bloodsinusoid:血竇discontinuousendothelia,incompleteBMRedbonemarrowhematopoietic47Hemopoieticstemcell(HSP)andHemopoieticprogenitorcell(HPC)HemopoieticstemcellselfreplicationpowerfulproliferationpotencymultidifferentiationPotency

Hemopoieticprogenitorc.UnipotentialorbipotentialProducematruebloodc.Erythrocytesseriesgranulocyteseriesmonocyteseriesmegakaryocyte

series*Lymphocytesderivedfromlymphaticorgans&tissuesHemopoieticstemcell(HSP)48組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件49Pb:原紅Be:早幼紅Pe:中幼紅晚幼紅ErythrocyteseriesPb:原紅Be:早幼紅Pe:中幼紅晚幼紅Erythrocyt50組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)51（優(yōu)選）組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)（優(yōu)選）組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)52*aspecializedformofC.T.*acirculatingtissue*asatransportingmedium*atotalvolumeabout5litersin healthadultINTRODUCTION*aspecializedformofC.T.IN53Componentsofblood血液的組成成分

*Formedelements------bloodcells(45%)

*Intercellularsubstance------plasma(55%)

Erythrocytes紅細(xì)胞 Leukocytes白細(xì)胞 Platelets血小板H2O(90%)Plasmaproteins:albumin白蛋白,globulin球蛋白,fibrinogen纖維蛋白原,etc.Others:Componentsofblood血液的組成成分*54血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-------

plasmaLeukocytes+Platelets

--------Erythrocyte(Redbloodcell)anticoagulant(heparin)

抗凝劑（肝素）

血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-----55血塊、血清—Serum血清

—withoutanticoagulant

Clotting無(wú)纖維蛋白原血塊、血清—Serum血清—withoutantico56血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞：男（4.0—5.5）×1012/L

；女（3.5—5.0）×1012/L（350-500萬(wàn)個(gè)/ul)白細(xì)胞(4.0—10)×109

/L或4千-1萬(wàn)個(gè)/ul血小板（100—300）×109

/L

（或10-30萬(wàn)個(gè)/ul）

有粒白細(xì)胞

無(wú)粒白細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞50-70%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞0.5-3%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞0-1%淋巴細(xì)胞25-30%單核細(xì)胞3-8%血液有形成分正常值血象(hemogram)：血細(xì)胞的形態(tài)、數(shù)量、百分比及血紅蛋白的含量.血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞：男（4.0—5.5）×1012/L；57Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)組成。與酸性染料伊紅結(jié)合，染粉紅色；與堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)結(jié)合，染紫藍(lán)色。

Giemsa染色法（吉姆薩染色法）:吉姆薩染液由伊紅，天青組成。

血涂片bloodsmear:觀察血細(xì)胞形態(tài)染色方法:Wright或Giemsa染色Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性58一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodcell,RBC）

1.結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)2.血型3.功能4.壽命5.網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodce59MatureErythrocyte

*biconcavediscshape,

providing

greatersurfacearea;

*nonucleusandorganelles;

*

Hemoglobin(Hb

);*deformability.SEMSize:7.5~8.5μm(diameter)Number:

Male:4.2~5.5×1012/L(Hb:120~150g/L) Female:3.5~5.0×1012/L(Hb:110~140g/L)MatureErythrocyteSEMSize:7.60組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件612．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原

A型：有A型抗原B型：有B型抗原O型：無(wú)A型、B型抗原AB型：有A型、B型抗原3．功能:

紅細(xì)胞具有攜帶O２和CO２的功能，由血紅蛋白執(zhí)行。4．壽命:紅細(xì)胞的平均壽命約為120天。溶血(hemolysis)血影（erythrocyteghost）:溶血后殘留的紅細(xì)胞膜囊。2．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原3．功能:紅細(xì)62*notfullymatureRBC*0.51%ofatotalnumberofRBC*nonucleus*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*remainingHbsynthesis*ClinicsignificanceReticulocyte網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞

*notfullymatureRBCReticu63

PathologicalconditionsNumberSizeShapeHbAnemia貧血

Erythrocytosis紅細(xì)胞增多癥

Spherocytosis;SicklecellanemiaThalassemia（地中海貧血）Large/smallcellanemia PathologicalconditionsAnemia64

Sickle-cellanemiaisapainfuldiseaseinwhichRBCsbecomecrescentshapedduetoinheritanceofanabnormaltypeofhemoglobin.SickledRBCsbreakdown,releasinghemoglobinintothecirculation.

65FunctionofgranularleukocytesComponentsofblood血液的組成成分whichareabletodissolvebone.*sphericalshapeINTRODUCTION(large,less)containing:incompleteBMrod-like2-3lobulated 4-5lobulated young oldgiverisetoosteoclasts破骨細(xì)胞,lymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞-------plasmaBasophil*Lysozyme溶菌酶①Granulomere:centrally*aspecializedformofC.#immunologicaldefencediscontinuousendothelia,powerfulproliferationProducematruebloodc.Componentsofblood血液的組成成分NormalRBCSickledRBC鐮狀Functionofgranularleukocyte66組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件67Typically,theaffectedRBCsaresmall,sphericallyshaped,andlackthelightcentersseeninnormalRBCs.SpherocytosisTypically,theaffectedRBCsa68Generalcharacteristicofleukocytes

*sphericalshape *possesnuclei *presenceoforganelles *atotalnumberlessthanthatoferythrocytes*exhibitingamoeboidmovement *involvinginbodydefensesandimmunity二、白細(xì)胞（leukocyte,whitebloodcell，WBC）Generalcharacteristicofleuk69

70Classification *Granularleukocytes有粒白細(xì)胞 neutrophils5070%中性粒細(xì)胞 eosinophils0.53%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞 basophils01%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞 *Agranularleukocytes無(wú)粒白細(xì)胞 lymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞 monocytes38%單核細(xì)胞Classification71

NeutrophilSize:1012μm(diameter)Morphology形態(tài)nucleus：highlymorphonuclear

rod-like

2-3lobulated 4-5lobulated young oldcytoplasm：

specificgranules:80%,small azurophilicgranules:20%,lysosome溶酶體

Neutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞(嗜天青顆粒)NeutrophilNeutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞72中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖（示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老）中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖（示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老）73中性粒細(xì)胞（血涂片）NeutrophilsLobulatednuclei

Rod-likenucleusazurophilicgranules*fine,uniform細(xì)膩，均勻

*evenlydistributed*pinkstainingCharateristicsofspecificgranules:中性粒細(xì)胞（血涂片）NeutrophilsLobulat74Specificgranules(80%,samll)contain:alkalinephosphatase堿性磷酸酶

*Phagocytin吞噬素*lysozyme

溶菌酶AzurophilicG.(large,less)containing:acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶*

Peroxidase過氧化物酶Neutrophil(EM)Specificgranules(80%,samll)75FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)趨化性:Attractedbychemotacticfactor(releasedbymacrophages)Phagocytosis&destroybacteria:吞噬和殺滅細(xì)菌

thenumberofleukocytes↑

acute

the%ofneutrophils↑

bacteriainfection

FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)76Size:1012μm(diameter)LM:nucleus:

lobulated;Sorirregular; obscuredoutlinecytoplasm:basophilicgranules

*variablesize*unevendistribution*strongbasophiliaCharacteristicBasophil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞Size:1012μm(diameter)*77

BasophilE.M.:Basophilicgranulescontain:*heparin*

histamineF.N.:

*

anticoagulate*

responsibletoallergicreactionnucleusBasophilE.M.:nucleus78ghost）:溶血后殘留4．壽命:紅細(xì)胞的平均壽命densetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素Thalassemia（地中海貧血）located,purplebluegranules.azurophilicgranulesdensetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素crystalloidinthecenter2．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原BCell:1015%humoralimmunity*histaminase組胺酶whichcontainsubstances:Giemsa染色法（吉姆薩染色法）:吉姆薩染液由伊紅，天青組成。*aspecializedformofC.MonocyteunderEMSmallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrion中性粒細(xì)胞50-70%centrifugation(離心)51%ofatotalnumber3．功能:紅細(xì)胞具有攜帶Size:1015μm(diameter)LM: -usuallybilobednucleus-eosinophilicgranules

*strongeosinophilia(reddish) *coarseandrefractile *uniformsizeandevenlydistributedEosinophils嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞Characteristicghost）:溶血后殘留Size:1015μm(d79（電鏡）

Eosinophilicgranules(primarylysosomes)whichcontainsubstances: *acidphosphatase *arylsulphatase芳基硫酸酯酶 *Peroxidase *histaminase組胺酶nucleusEosinophilicgranules

withcrystalloidinthecenter(EM)（電鏡） Eosinophilicgranules(p80FunctionChemotaxis（趨化性）attractedbychemotacticfactorfromthemastcellsPhagocytize（吞噬）foreignbodies,AgAbcomplexAntiallergy（抗過敏）Releasehistaminase，inactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionAntiparasite

（抗寄生蟲）

Itisincreasedinpatientsinfectedw/allergicreactionorparasiteFunctionChemotaxis（趨化性）81Neutrophils:*ruffledmembranemovement*chemetaxis*phagocytosisEosinophils:antiparasite;antiallergyBasophils: *anticoagulation; *involvinginallergicresponseFunctionofgranularleukocytesNeutrophils:Functionofgranu82Size:1420μm(diameter)Nucleus:large,eccentric,lightstaining, deepindentation,horseshoecytoplasmabundant，graybluestaining, weakbasophilia, numerouspurplegranules(azurophilicG)Monocyte單核細(xì)胞Size:1420μm(diameter)Mono83組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課件84

Smallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrionRER,Lysosomes(azurophilicgranule)contain:*Peroxidase*Acidphoshpatase*Lysozyme

溶菌酶(EM模式圖）nucleusMonocyteunderEM

Smallpseudopodia,microvill85Functionof

monocyte

-differentiateintomacrophages.phagocytosisimmuneresponsegiverisetoosteoclasts破骨細(xì)胞,whichareabletodissolvebone.

Functionofmonocyte-differe86Lymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:small6～8μm;mediumsized9～12μm;large13～20μmSmalllymphocyte(90%):LM:Roundorovoid;Nu.:sphericity,indentation,condensedchromatin,darkstaining.Cytoplasm:scanty,asathinriminlightbluew/azurophilicgranules

Lymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:sma87*alargenumberoffreeribosomes,*afewmitochondria,andotherorganelles*exhibitingsmallcytoplasmicprojectionsinthesurfaceofcells.(EM模式圖）nucleusLymphocyteunderEM

*alargenumberoffreeribos88Classification*function#TCell:75%cellularimmunityBCell:1015%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(K&NKcell)*basedonthesource,characteristicsoncellularmembrane,life&function#immunologicaldefenceClassification&FunctionClassification*89血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。MonocyteunderEM*coarseandrefractile*Hemoglobin(Hb);ghost）:溶血后殘留the%ofneutrophils↑bacteriainfectionlymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞monocytes38%單核細(xì)胞*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*Granularleukocytes有粒白細(xì)胞白,fibrinogen纖維蛋白原,etc.Componentsofblood血液的組成成分Structureofbonemarrow骨髓的結(jié)構(gòu)densegranules致密顆粒:serotonin(5HT),ADP,ATP,Ca2+&adrenaline腎上腺素phagocytosisgranu