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Outline
FNHaccountsforapproximately8%ofallprimaryhepatictumorandisthesecondmostcommonbenignlivertumorafterhemangioma.
Thisbenigntumouroccursmostcommonlyinwomenaged20–50years,butmayoccurinbothmenandwomenatanyage,withmultiplelesionsbeingfoundin20percentofcases.FNH
Oralcontraceptive口服避孕藥useisassociatedwithFNHbuttheresponsibilityoforalcontraceptivesintheoccurrenceofthelesionhasnotbeendemonstrated.ClinicalsymptomsFNHisusuallyanincidentalfindingatimagingandonlyone-thirdarediscoveredbecauseofclinicalsymptomssuchasmildepigastricpainordiscomfortandorpalpableabdominalmass.Bloodlivertestsarenormalinhalfofthecasesandshowonlyincreasedinserumgamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase血清r-谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶activityinmostoftheremnants.
well-circumscribedlobulatedmasswithcentralscar(arrow)andradiatingseptations.
PathologicalappearanceFNHisdefinedasanodulecomposedofbenign-appearinghepatocytesoccurringinaliverthatisotherwisehistologicallynormal.FNHisahyperplasticliverparenchyma(增生性肝實(shí)質(zhì))subdividedintonodulesbyfibrousseptathatmayformstellatescars(星狀瘢痕).Thelesionisusuallysolitary(80%)andmeasureslessthan5cmindiameter.Occasionally,FNHispedunculated(蒂).Photomicrographofhistopathologicspecimenshowsregionsofnodularhepatocellularproliferationseparatedbyradiatingbandsandsurroundingmyxomatousscar(arrows).Themarginissharp,oftenlobulatedandnocapsuleispresent.Hemorrhageandnecrosisarerare.Atmicroscopy,thecentralfibroticzoneisdenseconnectivetissue(致密結(jié)締組織)whichcontainsnumerousabnormallythickwalledarteries.Markedproliferationofbiliarystructuressurroundedbyinflammatorycellsisobservedwithinandattheperiphery(邊緣)ofthefibrousseptae.Kupffercellsarealsoseenwithinthelesion.FNHclassic(80%)non-classic(20%)
(a)telangiectaticFNH,
(b)withatypia,
(c)mixedhyperplasticandadenomatousFNH
Diagnosis(CT)NonenhancedCTscansFNHisdemonstratedasafocalhypodenseorisodensemasscomparedwithnormalliver.Acentralhypodensescarisdepictedinonlyone-thirdofthecases.Calcificationswithinthecentralscarareveryrareandobservedinonlyabout1%ofthecases.contrast-enhancedCTscanarterial
phaseThelesionenhancesrapidlyinmostcasesandthelesiontolivercontrastishigh.Lesioncontouriswelldemarcatedandmaybelobulated.Atthattime,thecentralscarishypodenseandappearsmoreevidentthanonunenhancedCTscans.
portalvenousphaselesionenhancementdecreasesandthelesionmaybeeitherisoorslightlyhyperdenserelativetonormalliver.Small-sizedFNHmaybebarelyvisible,whereaslarge-sizedFNHarevisualizedduetodeformityinthelivercontourordisplacementofadjacentvesselsordepictionofarelativelyhypoattenuatingcentralscar.
delayed
phase
FNHareisodenserelativetonormalliverandinmostcases,centralscarsappearisoorhyperattenuating.Acentralscarisobservedmoreofteninlargelesionsthaninsmalllesions.CTT1WIT2WI
Diagnosis(MRI)NonenhancedMRIscans
TypicalFNHsareisoorhypointenseonT1WIandisoorslightlyhyperintenseonT2WI.
ThecentralscarishypointenseonT1WI
andstronglyhyperintenseonT2WI.contrast-enhancedMRIscandramaticenhancementinthearterialphase,followedbyisointensityofthelesionduringtheportalvenousphase.Ondelayedphaseimaging,thecentralscarshowshighsignalintensity.Atypicalformsscarsareseeninmorethan80%ofcases.However,radio-pathologicpapershavedemonstratedthatsomeFNHmayhavenoscarevenatpathologyespeciallyFNHmeasuringlessthan3cmindiameter。Rarely,scarsremainhypodenseorisodenseondelayedscansorarehypointenseonT2-weightedimages.Thesefindingsmaybeobservedupto20%ofcases.NearlyallFNHsarehypervascularatthearterialphaseoftheenhancement,butlesionenhancementmayvaryattheportalphaseorondelayedimages.Bothhypodensityorintensityofthemassondelayedphase,oronbothportalveinanddelayedphaseimagesaswellashyperdensity-intensityofthemassontheportalveinphaseoronbothportalveinanddelayedphasesmaybeseen.AlthoughFNHisanon-encapsulatedlesion,capsulelikeenhancementmaybeobservedonportalveinandondelayedphasescansinabout25–36%ofthecases.Thepseudocapsule(假包膜)ishypointenseonT1andslightlyhyperintenseonT2.
Differentialdiagnosis肝囊腫Hepaticcyst
原發(fā)性肝癌primaryhepaticcarcinoma肝囊腫Hepaticcystnoncontrast-enhancedcontrast-e
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