生化英文單詞匯總

生化英文單詞匯總生化英文單詞匯總生化英文單詞匯總生化英文單詞匯總編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話(huà)：傳真:郵編:生化單詞表蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能Protein蛋白質(zhì)Aminoacid氨基酸Myoglobin肌紅蛋白Hemoglobin血紅蛋白2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate2,3-二磷酸甘油酸proteinphysical-chemicalproperties蛋白理化性質(zhì)Priondisease朊蛋白病Scurvy壞血病Methemoglobinemia高鐵血紅蛋白病Enzymes酶Catalysis催化作用Chiral手性Aminogroup氨基Carboxylicacidgroup羧基Zwitterion兩性Protonation質(zhì)子化isoelectricpoint等電點(diǎn)Ionizable可解離的Homeostatsis穩(wěn)態(tài)Polar極性u(píng)ncharged不帶電的charged帶點(diǎn)的acidic酸性的basic堿性的non-polar非極性hydrophilic親水的hydrophobic疏水的aromaticAA芳香氨基酸hydroxylgroup羥基sulfur-containingAAs含硫氨基酸amide酰胺iminoacid亞氨基酸polypeptidebackbone多肽骨架EssentialAminoAcids必需氨基酸Monomer單體Polymer聚合物multi-subunit多亞基Primarystructure一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)Secondarystructure二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)Tertiarystructure三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)Quanternarystructure四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)hydrogenbond氫鍵PeptideBonds肽鍵condensationreaction縮合反應(yīng)Polypeptide多肽alphahelixa螺旋beta-sheetbeta折疊betaturnbeta轉(zhuǎn)角Right-handedhelix右手螺旋Isomers異構(gòu)體MotifT模體fibrousproteins纖維狀蛋白globularproteins球形蛋白Intermediatefilaments中間絲蛋白cytoskeleton骨架Keratin角蛋白Extracellularmatrix細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)Collagen膠原蛋白Elastin彈性蛋白Tendons肌腱Cartilage軟骨Silkfibroin絲蛋白Cornea角膜prolylhydroxylase脯氨酸羥化酶a-ketoglutaratea-酮戊二酸ascorbate抗壞血酸Antiparallel反平行Domain功能域HemeGroup血紅素基團(tuán)Ferricion(Fe3+)高鐵Ferrousion(Fe2+)亞鐵Porphyrin卟啉.Nitrogen氮Hyperbolic拋物線的deoxyhemoglobin脫氧血紅蛋白o(hù)xyhemoglobin氧合血紅蛋白Conformational構(gòu)象Subunit亞基cooperativebinding協(xié)同結(jié)合sigmoidal雙曲線的Allostery變構(gòu)作用heterotropiceffect異促效應(yīng)homotropiceffect同促效應(yīng)Hyperthyroidism甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)phosphoglyceratemutase(PGM)磷酸甘油變位酶erythrocytes紅細(xì)胞Irondeficiencyanemia缺鐵性貧血Chronicrespiratorydisease慢性呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病Hypoxia低氧pulmonaryedema肺水腫Antibodie抗體(immunoglobulins免疫球蛋白Bacteria細(xì)菌Virus病毒Pollen花粉Antigen抗原disulfidebonds二硫鍵SickleCellAnemia鐮刀紅細(xì)胞貧血Homozygous純合的Autosomalaccessive常染色體隱性Denaturation變性Renaturation復(fù)性Alcohol乙醇Chloroform氯仿Urea尿素Curdle凝乳Perminghair燙發(fā)Ribonuclease核糖核酸酶i2-mercaptoethanol二巰基乙醇Ultrafiltration超濾Ultracentrifugation超速離心Electrophoresis電泳ionexchangechromatography離子交換層析chromatography層析UVabsorption紫外吸收Dyebinding染料結(jié)合Dialysis:透析semipermeablemembrane半透膜Sedimentationcoefficient,S沉降系數(shù)第二章核酸結(jié)構(gòu)和功能NucleicAcids核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Nuclease核酸酶NitrogenousBases含氮堿Nucleosides核苷NucleosidePhosphates磷酸核苷Polynucleotides多核苷酸Pyrimidine嘧啶Cytosine胞嘧啶Uracil尿嘧啶Thymine胸腺嘧啶Purine嘌呤Adenine腺嘌呤Guanine鳥(niǎo)嘌呤Derivatives衍生物D-riboseD-核糖2-deoxy-D-ribose2-脫氧-D-核糖Pentoses戊糖glycosidicbond糖苷鍵anomeric異頭碳triphosphates三磷酸glycogen糖原phosphodiesterbond磷酸二酯鍵Ribonucleicacid核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacid脫氧核糖核酸Basepairs堿基對(duì)Canonical經(jīng)典的majorgroove大溝minorgroove小溝Supercoil超螺旋Cruciform十字形duplexhelix雙螺旋Negativesupercoiling負(fù)超螺旋palindromicregions回文區(qū)域nucleosome核小體Chromatin染色質(zhì)nucleoproteincomplex和蛋白復(fù)合體histones組蛋白Diameter直徑Eukaryotic真核的Transcription轉(zhuǎn)錄Prokaryotes原核細(xì)胞Polycistron多順?lè)醋覧ukaryote真核細(xì)胞Monocistron單順販子Intron內(nèi)含子Exon外顯子Splicing剪接Ribosome核糖體peptidyltransferase肽酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶cytosol細(xì)胞漿Ribozyme核酶hyperchromic增色的Stackedbasepairs堿基堆積innativeDNAabsorblesslightHydrolysis水解Carcinogenesis致癌arylhydrocarbons芳香烴Smokedandgrilledfoods煙熏和燒烤食物alkylate烷基化第三章脂質(zhì)代謝Amphipathic同時(shí)具有親水和厭水部分的，兩性分子的Triacrylglycerol(TAG)/Triglyceride(TG)三脂酰甘油/甘油三酯Phospholipids(PL)磷脂Glycolipids(GL)糖脂Cholesterol(CHOL)膽固醇Cholesterolester(CE)膽固醇酯carboxylicacid羧酸Saturated/unsaturated飽和的/不飽和的Margarine人造黃油、人造奶油Palmiticacid軟脂酸;棕櫚酸，十六（烷）酸Stearicacid硬脂酸，十八酸Linoleicacid亞油酸，罌酸α-Linolenicacidα-亞麻酸Arachidonicacid花生四烯酸Eicosapentaenoicacid(EPA)二十五碳五烯酸Docosahexaenoicacid(DHA)二十二碳六烯酸EssentialFattyAcids(EFA)必需脂肪酸Glycerol甘油Phosphatidylcholine磷脂酰膽堿、卵磷脂Phosphatidylethanolamine磷脂酰乙醇胺、腦磷脂cardiolipin一種磷脂，亦稱(chēng)雙磷脂酰甘油。Sphingolipids鞘脂Sphingosine鞘氨醇sphingoidbases鞘氨醇?jí)Asteroidhormones類(lèi)固醇激素adipocytes脂肪細(xì)胞Emulsion乳化Hydrophilic親水Hydrophobic親脂lipase脂肪酶Colipase輔脂酶Fatmobilization脂肪動(dòng)員Lipolysis脂解hormone-sensitivetriacylglycerollipase(HSL)激素敏感性脂肪酶Glucagons胰高血糖素Adrenocorticotropichormone(ATCH)促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素Epinephrine腎上腺素Norepinephrine去甲腎上腺素Insulin胰島素Beta-Oxidationβ-氧化作用acetyl-CoA乙酰輔酶AAcyl-CoAsynthetase酰基輔酶A合成酶acyl-CoAester?；o酶A酯Malonyl-CoA丙二酰輔酶A;carnitine肉堿acylcarnitines?；鈮ACarnitineacyltransferaseI肉堿脂酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶Icarbonylgroup羰基Dehydrogenation脫氫作用Hypoglycin次甘氨酸enoylCoA烯酰輔酶AHydration水化;水合，水合作用βhydroxyacylCoAβ-羥脂酰CoAThiolysis硫解Thioester硫酯Enolate烯醇化物propionyl-CoA丙酰輔酶aKetonebodies酮體Acetone丙酮acetoacetate乙酰乙酸β-hydroxybutyrateβ-羥丁酸acetoacetyl-CoA乙酰乙酰輔酶A3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA羥甲基戊二酸單酰輔酶A（HMGCoA）SuccinylCoAtranssulfurase琥珀酰輔酶A轉(zhuǎn)硫酶Ketonemia酮血癥Ketoacidosis酮癥酸中毒Malonyl-CoA丙二酰輔酶AMalate蘋(píng)果酸鹽KS:β-ketoacyl-ACPsynthase酮脂酰合酶MT:malonyl-transacylase丙二酰基轉(zhuǎn)移酶KR:β-ketobutyryl-ACPreductase酮脂酰還原酶DH:β-hydroxybutyryl-ACPdehydratase脫水酶ER:enoyl-ACPreductase烯脂酰還原酶AT:acetyl-CoA-ACPtransacetylase乙?；D(zhuǎn)移酶TE:acyl-CoAthioesterase硫脂酶Monoacylglycerol(MG)pathway甘油一酯途徑Diacylglycerol(DG)pathway甘油二酯途徑Lysophosphatidate溶血磷脂Glycerophospholipid甘油磷脂phospholipase(PLA)磷脂酶Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine二棕櫚酰磷脂酰膽堿Sphingomyelin鞘磷脂Ceramide神經(jīng)酰胺Multiplesclerosis多發(fā)性硬化cholelithiasis膽結(jié)石GallBladder膽囊Sitosterol谷甾醇β-sitosterol谷固醇β-ergosterol麥角固醇aerobic有氧的anaerobic無(wú)氧的Mevalonate甲羥戊酸Squalene鯊烯，三十碳六烯（角）Thyroxine甲狀腺素Lecithincholesterolacyltransferase卵磷脂膽固醇酰基轉(zhuǎn)移酶pregnenolone孕烯醇酮progesterone孕酮,testosterone睪酮aldosterone醛固酮calcitriol骨化三醇coronary冠狀動(dòng)脈的lovastatin洛伐他?。℉MG-CoA還原酶抑制劑）Lipoproteins脂蛋白CM(chylomicron)乳糜微粒VLDL:Very-low-densitylipoproteins極低密度脂蛋白IDL:Intermediate-densitylipoproteins中間密度脂蛋白LDL:Low-densitylipoproteins低密度脂蛋白HDL:High-densitylipoproteins高密度脂蛋白Apolipoprotein載脂蛋白第四章生物氧化BiologicalOxidation生物氧化Mitochondrion線粒體electrontransferchain(ETC)電子傳遞鏈Respiratorychain呼吸鏈Ubiquinone(CoenzymeQ,CoQ,Q)泛醌（輔酶Q）Cytochrome細(xì)胞色素prostheticgroup輔基Flavoprotein黃素蛋白flavinmononucleotide(FMN)黃素單核苷酸flavinadeninedinucleotide（FAD）黃素腺嘌呤二核苷酸iron-sulphurprotein鐵硫蛋白iron–sulfurclusters鐵硫簇Nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide(NAD)煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（輔酶I）nicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate磷酸煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（輔酶II）isoalloxazine異咯嗪heme亞鐵血紅素lipoate硫辛酸Oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化Substratelevelphosphorylation底物水平磷酸化Chemiosmotictheory化學(xué)滲透理論ATPsynthaseATP合成酶Uncouplingprotein解偶聯(lián)蛋白Thermogenin增溫素2,4-dinitrophenol（DNP）2,4-二硝基苯酚（DNP）OligomycinA寡霉素Aα-glycerophosphateshuttleα-磷酸甘油穿梭malate-aspartateshuttle蘋(píng)果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭，也稱(chēng)為蘋(píng)果酸穿梭第五章氨基酸代謝一、蛋白質(zhì)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值:nutritionvalue營(yíng)養(yǎng)必需氨基酸:nutritionallyessentialaminoacid營(yíng)養(yǎng)非必需氨基酸:nutritionallynonessentialaminoacid營(yíng)養(yǎng)半必需氨基酸:nutritionallysemiessentialaminoacid氨基酸模式:aminoacidpattern,AAP氮平衡:nitrogenbalance零氮平衡:zeronitrogenbalance正氮平衡:positivenitrogenbalance負(fù)氮平衡:negativenitrogenbalance蛋白質(zhì)缺乏綜合癥:kwashiorkor消瘦:marasmus二、體內(nèi)氨基酸的來(lái)源內(nèi)肽酶:endopeptidase外肽酶:exopeptidase氨基肽酶:aminopeptidase羧基肽酶:carboxylpeptidase胃蛋白酶:pepsin腸激酶:enterokinase胰蛋白酶:trypsin糜蛋白酶:chymotrypsin彈性蛋白酶:elastase自身激活:autocatalysis寡肽酶:oligopeptidase二肽酶:dipeptidase氨基酸代謝池:aminoacidmetabolicpoolγ-谷氨酰循環(huán):γ-glutamylcycle腐敗作用:putrefaction胺類(lèi):amine酪胺:tyramine苯乙胺:phenylethylamine假神經(jīng)遞質(zhì):falseneurotransmitter氨:ammonia尿素:urea尿素腸肝循環(huán):ureaenterohepaticcircle半壽期：halflife泛素：ubiquitin,Ub泛素活化酶：ubiqutinactivatingenzyme泛素載體蛋白:ubiquitincarrierprotein泛素-蛋白連接酶：ubiquitinproteinligase泛素化：ubiquitination蛋白酶體：proteasome谷氨酸脫氫酶：glutamatedehydrogenase谷氨酰胺合成酶：glutaminesynthetase天冬酰胺合成酶：asparaginesynthetase膽堿：choline乙醛酸：glyoxylate同型半胱氨酸：homocysteine胱硫醚β合酶：cystathionineβsynthase苯丙氨酸羥化酶：phenylalaninehydroxylase生物喋呤：biopterin二氫生物蝶呤還原酶：dihydrobiopterindehydrogenase三、氨基酸分解代謝轉(zhuǎn)氨基:transamination轉(zhuǎn)氨酶：transaminase(aminotransferase)丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶：alaninetransaminase(ALT);glutamicpyruvictransminase(GPT)天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶：aspatatetransaminase(AST);glutamicoxaloacetictransaminase(GOT)磷酸吡哆醛：pyridoxalphosphate,PLP聯(lián)合脫氨基（轉(zhuǎn)氨脫氨作用）：transdeamination嘌呤核苷酸循環(huán)：purinenucleotidecycle氨基酸氧化酶：aminoacidoxidase丙氨酸葡萄糖循環(huán)：alanineglucosecycle鳥(niǎo)氨酸循環(huán)，尿素循環(huán)：ornithinecycle;ureacycle;krebs-henseleitcycle.氨甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ：carbamoylphosphatesynthetaseⅠN-乙酰谷氨酸：N-acetylglutamate鳥(niǎo)氨酸氨甲酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶：ornithinecarbamoyltransferase;ornithinetranscarbamoylase.精氨酸代琥珀酸合成酶：argininosuccinatesynthetase(ASS)精氨酸代琥珀酸裂解酶：argininosuccinatelyase(ASl)精氨酸酶：arginase一氧化氮合酶：nitricoxidesynthase(NOS)高氨血癥：hyperammonemia四、氨基酸的分類(lèi)代謝脫羧酶：decarboxylase脫羧基作用：decarboxylationγ氨基丁酸：γ-aminobutyrate牛磺酸：taurine組胺：histamine5-羥色胺：5-hydroxytryptamine褪黑激素：melatonin單胺氧化酶：monoamineoxidase多胺：polyamine腐胺，亞精胺，精胺：putrecine,spermidine,spermine一碳單位：onecarbonunit甲基，甲烯基，甲炔基，亞氨甲基，甲酰基：methylgroup,methylenegroup,methenylgroup,formiminogroup,formylgroup.四氫葉酸：tetrahydrofolicacid二氫葉酸還原酶：dihydrofolicacidreductase腺苷轉(zhuǎn)移酶：adenosyltransferaseS-腺苷蛋氨酸：S-adenosylmethionine(SAM)同型半胱氨酸：homocysteine同型半胱氨酸血癥：homocystinuriaPAPS：3’-phosphoadenosyl-5’-phosphasulfate肌酸：creatine肌酸激酶：creatinephosphokinase磷酸肌酸：creatinephosphate兒茶酚胺：catecholamine多巴：3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(dopa)多巴胺：dopamine腎上腺素：epinephrine去甲腎上腺素：norepinephrine黑色素：melanine尿黑酸：homogentisate尿黑酸癥：alkaptonuria苯丙酮尿癥：phenylketonuria(PKU)白化?。篴lbinism第六章酶和維生素糖復(fù)合物酶和維生素Enzyme酶Ribozyme核酶Alkaptonuria尿黑酸尿Homogentisateoxidase尿黑酸氧化酶Phospholipase磷脂酶Prostheticgroup輔基Coenzyme輔酶Cofactor輔因子Metalloenzyme金屬酶Metal-cativatedenzyme金屬激活酶Monomericenzyme單體酶Oligomericenzyme寡聚酶Multifunctionalenzyme多功能酶Multienzymecomplex多酶復(fù)合體Essentialgroups必須基團(tuán)Activesite活性中心Nomenclature命名法Systemiaticname系統(tǒng)命名Commonname常用名Oxidoredcuctase氧化還原酶Transferase轉(zhuǎn)移酶Hydrolase水解酶Lyase裂解酶Isomerase異構(gòu)酶Ligase合成酶Isoenzyme同工酶Physiologicalsignificance生理學(xué)意義Thermodynamic熱動(dòng)力Catalyst催化劑Specificity特異性Allostericregulation變構(gòu)調(diào)節(jié)Covalentmodification共價(jià)修飾transitionstate過(guò)渡態(tài)Induced-fitHypothesis誘導(dǎo)契合學(xué)說(shuō)Activationenergy活化能Proximityandorientationeffects鄰近和定向排列效應(yīng)Electrostaticeffects靜電效應(yīng)Acid-basecatalysis酸堿催化Covalentcatalysis共價(jià)催化Velocity速率Internationalunit國(guó)際單位Katal催量Specificactivity比活性Michaelisconstant米氏常數(shù)theaffinity親和力Turnovernumber轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)Optimumtemperature最適溫度Bell-shapedcurve鐘形曲線Hyperbolic雙曲線Double-reciprocalplot雙倒數(shù)曲線irreversibleinhibition不可逆抑制reversibleinhibition可逆抑制organophosphorouscompounds有機(jī)磷酸化合物competitiveinhibition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制non-competitiveinhibition非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制uncompetitiveinhibition反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制sulfanilamide磺胺類(lèi)藥物tetrahydrofolate四氫葉酸rate-limitingenzymes限速酶Allostericregulation變構(gòu)調(diào)節(jié)Negativecooperativity正協(xié)同效應(yīng)Positivecooperativity負(fù)協(xié)同效應(yīng)Aspartatetranscarbamylase天冬氨酸-轉(zhuǎn)氨甲酰酶Covalentmodification共價(jià)修飾Methylation甲基化Acetylation乙?；疉denylation腺苷酸化Zymogen酶原Proteolysis蛋白水解Autodigestion自消化Pathogenesis發(fā)病機(jī)理Phenylketonuria苯丙酮尿癥Lipidsoluble脂溶性Liquidsoluble水溶性Beriberi腳氣病Dermatophytosis腳氣Riboflavin核黃素NicotinicAcid煙酸Retinol視黃醇Retinaldehyde視黃醛Retinoicacid視黃酸β-caroteneβ-胡蘿卜素Cholecaciferol膽鈣化醇Tocopherol生育酚Phylloquinone葉綠醌糖復(fù)合物Monosaccharide單糖Oligosaccharide寡糖Polysaccharide多糖Side-chain側(cè)鏈Lysosome溶酶體Repertoire總匯N-glycosidicbond糖苷鍵Asn天冬酰胺Ser絲氨酸Thr蘇氨酸Glutatransferase糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Glycosidehydrolases糖苷水解酶Ribosome核糖體humanchorionicgonadotrophin人絨毛膜促性腺激素malignanttransformation惡性轉(zhuǎn)移ulcer潰瘍幽門(mén)螺旋桿菌Lectin凝集素Peroxisome過(guò)氧化物酶體Mitochondria線粒體endoplasmicreticulum內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)nucleus細(xì)胞核coreprotein核心蛋白Uronicacid糖醛酸Osamine糖胺Iduronicacid艾杜糖醛酸Glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸Anti-coagulation抗凝Lubricationaction潤(rùn)滑作用Cellularrecognition細(xì)胞識(shí)別Hydrophobic疏水的Hydrophilic親水的Fattyacid脂肪酸Sphingosine鞘氨醇Acyl-coenzymeA脂酰輔酶ACeramidegalactosyltransferase神經(jīng)酰胺半乳糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Cerebrosidesulfotransferase腦苷脂磺基轉(zhuǎn)移酶connectivetissue結(jié)蹄組織tendon肌腱ligament韌帶cornea角膜cartilage軟骨triplehelix三螺旋coiledcoil卷曲螺旋Anchoraging錨定Monomer單體disufiedbond二硫鍵Homologous-repeatingdomain同源重復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu)域swallowfunction吞噬功能Atherosclerotic動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化Septicemia敗血病Trimer三聚體第七章核苷酸代謝嘌呤：purine腺嘌呤：adenine鳥(niǎo)嘌呤：guanine次黃嘌呤：hypoxanthine黃嘌呤：xanthine嘧啶：pyrimidine胞嘧啶：cytosine尿嘧啶：uracil胸腺嘧啶：thymidine核苷：nucleoside核苷酸：nucleotide從頭合成途徑：denovopathway5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸：5-phosphoribose-1-pyrophosphate(PRPP)磷酸核糖焦磷酸激酶：phosphoribosylpyrophosphokinase谷氨酰胺磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺轉(zhuǎn)移酶：glutaminePRPPamidotransferase腺苷酸代琥珀酸合成酶：adenylosuccinatesynthetase腺苷酸代琥珀酸裂解酶：adenylosuccinatelyase補(bǔ)救合成途徑：salvagepathway腺嘌呤磷酸核糖轉(zhuǎn)移酶：adeninephosphoribosyltransferase次黃嘌呤-鳥(niǎo)嘌呤磷酸核糖轉(zhuǎn)移酶：hypoxanthine-guaninephosphoribosyltransferase腺苷激酶：adenosinekinase核酸酶：nuclease核苷酸酶：nucleotidase核苷磷酸化酶：nucleotidephosphorylase脫氨酶：deaminase尿酸：uricacid痛風(fēng)：gout別嘌呤醇：allopurinol嚴(yán)重聯(lián)合免疫缺陷綜合征：severecombinedimmunodeficiency(SCID)氨甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅱ：carbamoylphosphatetransferaseⅡ天冬氨酸氨甲酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶：aspartatetranscarbamoylase乳清酸：orotate嘧啶磷酸核糖轉(zhuǎn)移酶：pyrimidininephosphoribosyltransferase尿苷激酶：uridinekinaseβ-丙氨酸：β-alanineβ-氨基異丁酸：β-aminoisobutyrate核糖核苷酸還原酶：ribonucleotidereductase硫氧還蛋白：thioredoxin硫氧還蛋白還原酶：thioredoxinreductase胸苷合酶：thymidylatesynthase胸苷激酶：thymidylatekinase6-巰基嘌呤：6-mercaptopurine(6-SH)氮雜絲氨酸：azaserine氨蝶呤：aminopterin氨甲蝶呤：methotrexate5-氟尿嘧啶：5-fluorouracil第八章血肝膽生化非蛋白氮：non-proteinnitrogen白蛋白（清蛋白）：albumin球蛋白：globulin2,3-BPG:2,3diphosphateglycerate血紅蛋白：hemoglobin卟啉：porphyrin原卟啉：protoporphyrin血紅素：hemeδ-氨基γ-酮戊酸：δ-aminolevulinicacid,ALAALA合酶：ALAsynthaseALA脫水酶：ALAdehydratase亞鐵螯合酶：ferrochelatase高鐵血紅素：hematin促紅細(xì)胞生成素：erythropoietin,EPO運(yùn)鐵蛋白：transferrin鐵蛋白：ferritin生物轉(zhuǎn)化：transformation氧化反應(yīng)：oxidationreaction還原反應(yīng)：reductionreaction水解反應(yīng)：hydrolysisreaction結(jié)合反應(yīng)：conjugationreaction葡萄糖醛酸：glucuronicacid乙醇：ethanol乙醛：acetaldehyde乙酸：aceticacid脫氫酶：dehydrogenase膽汁酸：bileacid游離膽汁酸：freebileacid結(jié)合膽汁酸：conjugatedbileacid初級(jí)膽汁酸：primarybileacid次級(jí)膽汁酸：secondarybileacid膽酸：cholicacid鵝脫氧膽酸：chenodeoxycholicaicd甘氨膽酸：glycocholicacid牛黃膽酸：taurocholicacid甘氨鵝脫氧膽酸：glyco-chenodeoxycholicacid牛黃鵝脫氧膽酸：tauro-chenodeoxycholicacid脫氧膽酸：deoxycholicacid石膽酸：lithocholicacid7-α羥化酶：7-αhydroxylase膽汁酸的腸肝循環(huán)：enterohepaticcirculationofbileacid膽色素：bilepigment膽綠素：biliverdin膽紅素：bilirubin膽素：bilin血紅素加氧酶：hemeoxygenase,HO未結(jié)合膽紅素（游離膽紅素，間接膽紅素）：unconjugatedbilirubin,indirectbilirubin.結(jié)合膽紅素（直接膽紅素）：conjugatedbilirubin,directb