高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題 閱讀理解推斷題課件

閱讀理解專題—推理判斷題（一）Lead-in:Therearethreemenonatrain.Mr.AspeaksEnglishandChinese.Mr.BspeaksFrenchandEnglish.Mr.CcanonlytalkwithMr.A.

WhatlanguagedoesMr.Cspeak?

Chinese.APuzzleEnglishEnglish推理判斷類題型特點(diǎn):

在閱讀理解中，推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陳述的觀點(diǎn)或描述的事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的結(jié)論，即根據(jù)作者暗示的內(nèi)容，推斷出合理的結(jié)論。

已知

可能1.

推斷隱含意義

2.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的5.

推斷篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

6.推斷上下文

閱讀推理判斷題推斷題分類1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely

.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis

.Thewritersuggeststhat

.Thestoryimpliesthat

.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat

.

這類題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語。一、如何推斷隱含意義Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsectsOnedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised."Well”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”

Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.

Thepassageimpliesthatrocks________.hurtseaanimalsprotectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches2.技巧點(diǎn)撥1).找到信息源（相關(guān)問題在文章中的出處）2).忠實(shí)原文3).不要選擇表層信息1.問題特點(diǎn)：

題干中通常含有attitude,view,opinion,thinkof,thinkabout,intheauthor’sopinion/mind等標(biāo)志性詞語.說明作者的態(tài)度:(1)objective

(2)positive(3)negative(4)neutral(5)approval(6)disapproval(7)indifferent(8)ironic(9)critical(10)optimistic(11)pessimistic(12)cautious客觀的消極的漠不關(guān)心的贊成的不贊成的樂觀的悲觀的積極的諷刺的批評(píng)的中立的謹(jǐn)慎的Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄),anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.

Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform

Whydopeopletakepartinsuchdangerousactivities?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people’sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.

Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkinsafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungee

jumping.Thewriterofthetexthasa_______attitudetowardsdangeroussports.

A.positiveB.negativeC.neutral

D.nervous2.技巧點(diǎn)撥：注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞，虛擬語氣，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，某些過渡詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。1.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的寫作目的A.Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.三、如何推斷寫作目的(2)考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.C.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.2.技巧點(diǎn)撥

(1)

從文體類別來推斷寫作目的(2)

從寫作手法來推斷寫作目的(3)

根據(jù)主題句推斷寫作目的2.常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1)toentertainreaders（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2)topersuadereaders（說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)）(3)toinformreaders（告知讀者某些信息）常見于故事類的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常見于廣告類的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多見于科普類﹑新聞報(bào)道類﹑文化類或社會(huì)類的文章.

A“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem

B

Ayoungmanmarriedayoungwoman.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.

Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwifeWhatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.

CScientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流).Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway---bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears’experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.1.段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)時(shí)，其后的句子很可能是主題句。2.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。四、文章出處或讀者對(duì)象類

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NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.Q:Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?A.Onanoticeboard.B.Inacompanybrochure.C.Onateenagewebsite. D.Inacollegenewspaper.【解題思路】第一步速讀文章,結(jié)合文章語言特色找出最能體現(xiàn)文章出處的專用詞匯第二步結(jié)合選項(xiàng),試進(jìn)行合理推斷【答題技巧】1. 識(shí)別題干關(guān)鍵② Thepassagewouldprobablybefoundin________.②Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom/outof________.③Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?2. “專用詞匯”做判斷考生本身要具備一定的常識(shí),把文章的內(nèi)容與自己所具備的常識(shí)結(jié)合起來做出正確的判斷。如要對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小說、童話、廣告、說明書、旅游指南、藥品說明、操作指南等文章的語言特色,特別是其專用詞匯有基本的了解,根據(jù)文章的語言特色和其專用詞匯對(duì)號(hào)入座,快速選出最佳答案。3. 【練一練】(2)Whynotcreatenewmemoriestosharewithyourchildren?Rememberasakidhowthrilledyouweretospendqualitytimeoutdoorswithyourfamily?Togetherinthefreshair,playingcatch,fishingonaboatorbuildingsandcastles,youhopedthattheseloving,fun-filledmomentswouldlastforever.Hereare4waystocreatememorableexperienceswithyourkidsthissummer.Hitthebeach...PlayStreetHockey(曲棍球)...Q:Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.TeachersB.CoachesC.ParentsD.Players五、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類

【典例】(2016·浙江高考·A片段)

“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?”LindseywhisperstoTori.

Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.”

WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenstobeyourstruly,AdamFreedmam,Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip(閑話).Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.

Q:Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto________.

A.introduceatopic

B.presentanargument

C.describethecharacters D.clarifyhiswritingpurpose

【解題思路】

第一步速讀文章,找出相關(guān)的信息句,并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞第二步結(jié)合文體特點(diǎn),進(jìn)行合理推理【答題技巧】1.識(shí)別題干關(guān)鍵

①Howisthetext/...paragraphorganized?②Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby

.③Thepassageismainlydevelopedintheorderof________.2.“寫作思路”辨結(jié)構(gòu)①此類題型考查在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)所描述事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次或在論證觀點(diǎn)過程中使用的論證方法進(jìn)行推理、分析、判斷、總結(jié)的能力。解決此類題型,準(zhǔn)確把握作者的寫作思路尤為重要。②通常的寫作方法有:按事件發(fā)展的順序;按時(shí)間的先后順序;按地點(diǎn)或空間轉(zhuǎn)移的變換;按內(nèi)容的總分關(guān)系;按人物的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。

六、推斷上下文【典例】(2013?福建，B)Yourglassesmaysomedayreplaceyoursmartphone，andsomeNewYorkersarereadyfortheswitch.Someinthecitycan’twaittotrythemonandusethemapsandGPSthatthefuturisticeyewearislikelytoinclude....9to5GooglepublisherSethWeintraub，whohasbeenreportingonthesmartphone-likeglassessincelatelastyear，saidheisconfidentthatthistypeofwearabledevicewilleventuallybeascommonassmartphones.“It’sjustlikesmartphones10yearsago，”Weintraubsaid.“Afewpeoplestartedgettingemailsontheirphones，andpeoplethoughtthatwascrazy.Samekindofthing.Weseepeoplebendingtheirheadstolookattheirsmartphones，andit’sunnatural，”hesaid.“There’sgonnabeimprovementstothat，andthisastepthere.” 63．Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatthesmartphone-likeglasses________.A．mayhaveapotentialmarketB．a(chǎn)reascommonassmartphonesC．a(chǎn)repopularamongyoungadultsD．willbeimprovedbyanewtechnology六、推斷上下文【典例】(2013?福建，B)Yourglassesmaysomedayreplaceyoursmartphone，andsomeNewYorkersarereadyfortheswitch.Someinthecitycan’twaittotrythemonandusethemapsandGPSthatthefuturisticeyewearislikelytoinclude....9to5GooglepublisherSethWeintraub，whohasbeenreportingonthesmartphone-likeglassessincelatelastyear，saidheisconfidentthatthistypeofwearabledevicewilleventuallybeascommonassmartphones.“It’sjustlikesmartphones10yearsago，”Weintraubsaid.“Afewpeoplestartedgettingemailsontheirphones，andpeoplethoughtthatwascrazy.Samekindofthing.Weseepeoplebendingtheirheadstolookattheirsmartphones，andit’sunnatural，”hesaid.“There’sgonnabeimprovementstothat，andthisastepthere.” 63．Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatthesmartphone-likeglasses________.A．mayhaveapotentialmarketB．a(chǎn)reascommonassmartphonesC．a(chǎn)repopularamongyoungadultsD．willbeimprovedbyanewtechnology【答題技巧】

有些題目要求根據(jù)語篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)推理。做此類題目時(shí)，務(wù)必把握作者的寫作思路，如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來敘述，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)判斷。特別要注意文章最后一段的內(nèi)容及最后幾句話。

Fearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead，accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear....“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced，wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders，andalsoforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder.” (2013?四川，E)50．Thisstudymaycontributeto________.A．treatinganxietyandstressbetterB．explainingthecycleoffearandanxietyC．findingthekeytotheheart-braincommunicationD．understandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheads【答題技巧】

有些題目要求根據(jù)語篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)推理。做此類題目時(shí)，務(wù)必把握作者的寫作思路，如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來敘述，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)判斷。特別要注意文章最后一段的內(nèi)容及最后幾句話。

Fearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead，accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear....“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced，wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders，andalsoforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder.” (2013?四川，E)50．Thisstudymaycontributeto________.A．treatinganxietyandstressbetterB．explainingthecycleoffearandanxietyC．findingthekeytotheheart-braincommunicationD．understandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheads推理判斷題的選項(xiàng)特征：正確選項(xiàng)特征：1.“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。2.選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念，如only，never，all，absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留下一些余地的詞匯，如often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。干擾選項(xiàng)特征：1.主觀推斷：沒有基于原文進(jìn)行推斷，而是根據(jù)常識(shí)推斷。2.過度推斷：有時(shí)作者只是客觀地?cái)⑹鍪聦?shí)，并未做出評(píng)論，而一些選項(xiàng)卻主觀地進(jìn)行推斷。如提到一樣?xùn)|西貴，并不意味著就買不起。3.錯(cuò)誤推斷：某些細(xì)節(jié)看似在原文中出現(xiàn)過，但與原文不符，或斷章取義，或因果倒置等。4.以細(xì)節(jié)代替推斷：只是原文簡(jiǎn)單的復(fù)述，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論。

Practicemakesperfect.1.Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes."Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother."shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?"

1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.shewasbeautifulC.itapleasuretomakefriendswithher

D.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouse