人教版新目標(biāo)八年級上冊-英語語法知識及練習(xí)

人教版新目標(biāo)八年級上冊 英語語法知識點(diǎn)精講+練習(xí)(一)般將來時(shí)(一)般將來時(shí)般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100yearsItisgoingtorain.begoingtodo(動詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如:willdo 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：Itisgoingtorain..表示預(yù)見Doyouthinkitwillrain? Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest..表示意圖Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrarytomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：will+主語+do…？WillSarahcometovisitmenextSunday?therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Willthere+be…？Willtherebefewertrees?Yes,therewill./No,therewon 't否定句構(gòu)成：will+not (won't)+doSarahwon'tcometovisitmenextSunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…？WhatwillSarahdonextSunday?根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句例：Idon'tfeelwelltoday.(bebettertomorrow)I'llbebettertomorrow.Ginahassixclassestoday. (havealotofhomeworktonight)(buyonesoon)I'mtirednow.(sleeplater)(buyonesoon)Myparentsneedanewcar.Wecan'tleaverightnow.(leavealittlelater)Theweatherisawfultoday. (bebettertomorrow)答案：1.She'llhavealotofhomeworktonight.I'llsleeplater.They'llbuyonesoon.We'llleavealittlelater.Maybeit'llbebettertomorrow.（二）should的用法:should 用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在 should后邊加not.例如：Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot.她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Studentsshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputer games.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：Ithinkyoushould…Well,youcould…Maybeyoushould…Whydontyou…?Whataboutdoingsth.?You'dbetterdosth.用should或shouldn't填空Ican'tsleepthenightbeforeexams.Youtakeawarmshowerbeforeyougotobed.Goodfriendsargueeachother.Thereislittlemilkintheglass.Webuysome.Theydidn'tinviteyou?Maybeyoubefriendlier.Iamalittlebitoverweight.SoIthinkIdoexerciseseveryday.答案：1.should2.shouldn't3.should4.should5.should(三)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作或者過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動作。.構(gòu)成was/were+doing,例如：IwaswatchingTVat9o'clocklastnight.at9o'clocklastnight是時(shí)間點(diǎn)Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon.allafternoon是時(shí)間段.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday 等。例如：Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday. 昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。Atthattimeshewaswritingabook. 那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。)練習(xí)用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。ThistimeyesterdayIrread)books.At9o'clocklastSundaythey(have)aparty.WhenI(come)intotheclassroom,she(read)astorybook.She(play)computergameswhilehermother(cook)yesterdayafternoon.I(have)ashowerwhenyou(call)meyesterday.答案：1.wasreading2.werehaving 3.came;wasreading4.wasplaying;wascooking5.washaving;called

（四）間接引語形成步驟：（1）不要逗號，冒號，引號 （2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語是一致的）（3）要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化 （4）要考慮時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和語示代詞的變化。.直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí).直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語1.am/is1.was2.are2.were3.have/has3.had4.will4.would5.can5.could6.may6.might★★練一練★★用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。ShesaidIPetertoldmeheShesaidsheBobbysaidheAntoniotoldmehe答案：1.wasShesaidIPetertoldmeheShesaidsheBobbysaidheAntoniotoldmehe答案：1.was請轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：(be)hard-working.(be)boredyesterday.(go)swimminglastSunday.(may)callmelater.rread)abookthen.waswentmightwasreading(Toni)(Lucy)(Mike)(Toni)(Lucy)(Mike)(she)IgotothebeacheverySaturday.Icanspeakthreelanguages.Iwillcallyoutomorrow.I'mhavingasurprisepartyforLana.（五）if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語+將來含義：如果……，將要……例如：Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou. 如果你請求他，他會幫助你。Ifneedbe,we'llworkallnight. 如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵?！铩锞氁痪殹铩锔鶕?jù)中文提示，完成句子。.如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。Ifyoutheparty,you..如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。Ifittomorrow,we..如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。Ifyouoften,you

答案：Ifyougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtimeIfitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgotothepicnicIfyouoftenlistentoEnglishsongs,you 'lllikeEnglish二.完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路(一)題型分類與特點(diǎn)完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。.完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在150—200個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個(gè)左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語法及對短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個(gè)語境，對每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。.選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。Jackwantedtoaskfortwodaysoff,1hehadonlylearntthephrase (短語)“haveadayoffHe2,thenhehadanidea. aGrandmotherisill.MayIhaveadayoff,3? "heaskedtheteacher.“Ofcourse,youcan."replied (答復(fù))theteacheratonce.Afterawhile,theboycameto4attheteacher'sdoor."MayIhaveadayoff5? ”Theteacherwasverysurprised,"Didn'tyou6itjustnow?""Yes,sir.ButIcan'tbehere7,either."Theteacherunderstoodhimandcouldnothelp8.Thenhesaidwithasmile, “Whydidn'tyousay'MayIhavetwodaysoff?'"Theboyansweredquickly'haveadayoff!9aloudvoice."Butyouonly10us'haveadayoff!( )1.A.but B.and C.or D.for( )2.A.thoughthardlyB.thoughthardandhardC.hardthoughtD.thoughtandthought( )3.A.Miss B.sir( )4.A.strike B.best( )3.A.Miss B.sir( )4.A.strike B.best( )5.A.also B.again( )6.A.speakB.tellC.teacher D.MrC.hit D.knockC.too D.onceC.say D.do( )7.A.tomorrowB.thedayaftertomorrowC.yesterdayD.thedaybeforeyesterday( )8.A.laugh B.tolaugh( )9.A.with B.on( )8.A.laugh B.tolaugh( )9.A.with B.on( )10.A.teach B.taughtC.laughed D.laughingC.in D.byC.areteachingD.wereteaching請根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的變化。15請根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的變化。15個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形than,so,tell,us,them,report,beause,love,composition,understand,to,that,much,for,whatAgenerationgap(代溝)hasbecomeaseriousproblem.Ireada(1)aboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenhavekilled （2）afterquarrels（爭吵）withparents.Ithinkthisis （3）theydon’thaveagoodtalkwitheachother.Parentsnowspend （ 4）timeintheoffice. （5）theydon’thavemuchtimetostaywiththeirchildren.Astimepasses,theybothfeel （ 6）theydon’thavethesametopics（話題）totalkabout.Iwantto （7）parentstobemorewithyourchildren,gettoknowthemandunderstandthem.Andforchildren,showyourfeeling （8）yourparents.Theyarethepeoplewho （9）you.Sotellthemyourthoughts（想法）.Inthisway,youcanhaveabetter （10）ofeachother.實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練（答題時(shí)間：80分鐘）一.選擇填空。（ ）1.Beijingwonthechances the2008Olympics.A.tohost B.host C.hosting D.hosted（ ）2.TigerWoodscanmakebillions dollarsayear.A.for B.withC.of D.on（ ）3.－Youlookedsobeautifulattheparty.—.A.No,Idon’tthinksoB.OfcourseC.Thankyouverymuch D.No,I’mnotbeautiful（ ）4.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare newwordsinit.A.afew B.alittle C.fewD.little（ ）5.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper “WhoMovedMycheese”wasaninterestingbook.A.that B.whatC.howD.if（ ）6.－InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreinterestingthanspeaking,Ithink.－Idon’tagree.Speakingis reading.A.asimportantas B.soimportantasC.themoreimportant D.themostimportant（ ）7.Ifhe harder,he’llcatchupwithus.A.work B.works C.worked D.willwork（ ）8.Themanager thatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestock（股票）wentdown.A.talked B.toldC.said D.spoke（ ）9.Weshouldkeep inthereading-room.A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly（ ）10.－Ithinkeverythinggoesonwell.A.SoIdo B.Idoso C.SodoI D.SoisI）11.IfyouwanttowatchTV,youmayturn .A.down B.iton C.onit D.itoff）12.I’msorryIhaven’tgotanymoney.I’ve myhandbagathome.A.missed B.leftC.put D.forgotten）13.Heislisteningtothemusic sheiswashingclothes.A.after B.before C.thatD.while）14.Ittakes timetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.more B.fewer C.longer D.less）15.－Excuseme.Haveyougotaneraser?－Sorry,Ihaven’t.Why youaskMary?Perhapsshe’sgotone.A.do B.don’t C.did D.didn’t

二.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z。WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?二.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z。WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?Willpeopleusepapermoneyinthefuture?Ican'tsleep,whatshouldIdo?IfIwearjeanstoschool,whatwillhappen?acreditcard.Whatdidyourfathersay?Yourteacherwontletyouin.HesaidIcouldn'tstayoutlate.Iwasdoingmyhomework.No,theywon't.Everyone,willhaveYoushouldlistentosomerelaxingmusic.三.根據(jù)漢語提示填空：.不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎？Idon'tknowtodo,canyougivemesome?.外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時(shí)候，我給警察打了個(gè)電話。Whilethealienwasasouvenir,Ithepolice..我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。Onmywayhomefromschool,Isawacatgetawindow..我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。Idon'twanttotalkitwithyouthephone..我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個(gè)驚喜的晚會。WearegoingtohaveapartyforJohnFridayevening.四.完形填空：把下面五個(gè)句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。Threemenwentupinaballoon（氣球）.TheystartedearlyinLondon.TheheadmanwasTed,andtheothertwomenwereDavyandEmilio.1Soontheyheardthesea.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope （繩子）,anditwashangingdownfromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater,oritcouldbeempty.So2.Itwasforuseoverthesea.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsofsand.Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000metres,and3.Thewaterintheballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen'sbasket,andtheycouldseemoresnowontheground. 4,butitwashard.Theytriedtobreaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling,sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakeandmadeablackholeintheice.Atlasttheypulledtheboxintothebasket.Itwasstillsnowing;so5.Theyroseto5,100metres!Everythingbecameicy.Theyweresocoldthattheydecidedtoland.TheycamedowninPolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtravelled1,797kilometresfromLondon!Thementriedtothrowoutsomemoresandtheywereabletochangeitsweight （重量）Theyhadabigballoonandtheywerereadyforalongway.theyclimbedtogetawayfromthesnowtheairtherewasverycold五.閱讀理解（A）EinsteinWasWaitingforHisFriendOnceEinsteinwaswaitingforoneofhisfriendsonabridge.Hewasthinkingaoblem.Whilehewas

waiting,itbegantorain.Therainkeptonforsometime.WhenEinsteintookoutapieceofpaperfromhispockettowritesomethingdown,thepaperwaswetandthenheknewthatitwasraining.Hisclotheshadbecomewet.Butafterheputthepaperintohispocket,heforgothewasstandingintherainagain.Manyscientistsarenotcarefulwiththeirlives.Thisisbecausetheyaretoocarefulwiththeirstudies.1.WhatdidEinsteindo?Hewas.A.adoctor B.ateacher C.ascientistWhywasEinsteinonabridge.Becausehewaswritingsomethingonthebridge.Becausehewaswaitingforafriend.Becausehewasthinking.Itrained.A.sometimes B.forsometime C.foralongtimeEinsteinandbegantowritesomethingonit.boughtapieceofpaper.tookapieceofpaperfromhiscar.tookoutapieceofpaperfromhispocket.Whichistrue?Einsteinwascarefulwithhiswork.Einsteinwascarefulwithhisclothes.Einsteinwascarefulwithhisfriends.1-51-5小題所描述的救護(hù)生活中總會有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫（本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。）Ifthepersonhasstoppedbreathing,youmusttrytostarthis/herbreathingatonce.Thebestthingistousethemouth-to-mouthway.Laythepersononhis/herbackandbreatheintohis/hermouth.Ifthepersonisbleeding(流血)badly,youmusttrytostopthebleeding.Pressonthebleedingpointwithapieceofcleanclothandholdupthepartofthebodywhichisbleeding.Ifyouarebitten(cutbyteeth)byananimal,washthecutundercoldrunningwater.Coverthebrokenpart,ifthereisany,withapieceofcleancloth.Thenseeadoctorassoonaspossible.Ifyouareburnt(hurtbyfireorsomethingveryhot),cooltheburntpartatonce.Runcool (notcold)waterovertheburnuntilitislesspainful. Thenputapieceofdrycleanclothovertheburntpart.Ifthereisafire,neverusealiftinthebuilding,becauseit 'sverydangerous.Theliftmaygettrappedbetweenfloors.Usethestairsandleavethebuildingatonce..5.Herearesomepicturestochoose.六.寫作:（從下列2封來信中選擇一封寫回信。）

Dearfriend,Therewillbeapartythisweekend.Allmyfriendsareinvitedtothepartyexceptme.Iamangry.AndIdon’tknowwhytheydidn’tinviteme!Whatdoyouthink?Canyouhelpme?UpsetDearfriend,IamanewstudentinGradeOne,butmyEnglishistoobad.YesterdayIhadanEnglishtestandmygradewasjustsoso.IwanttoimprovemyEnglish.WhatshouldIdo?Couldyougivemesomeadvice?LookingforhelpDear ,【試題答案】（A（A）1.A10.B2.D3.B4.D5.B6.C（B）1.report2.themselves3.b