【2022】初中英語人教版知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

初中英語人教版知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法every…sometimes,at…onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)　，F(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon’twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比較：NowIputthesugarintheIamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。一般過去時(shí)的用法在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……時(shí)間了""該……了"Itistimesb.didsth."時(shí)間已遲了""早該……了"Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示’寧愿某人做某事I’dratheryoucametomorrow.4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。比較：一般過去時(shí)表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christinewasaninvalidallher(含義：她已不在人間。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallher(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)want,hope,wonder,think,intendDidyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）情態(tài)動詞could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?usedto/beusedtousedto+do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Motherusednottobesoforgetful.Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(過去常常散步)beusedto+doing：對……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)典型例題----Yourphonenumberagain?I quitecatchit.----It’s69568442.A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。一般將來時(shí)shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?begoingto+不定式，表示將來。主語的意圖，即將做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。有跡象要發(fā)生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.be+WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.beabouttoHeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。begoingto/will用于條件句時(shí)，begoingto表將來will表意愿Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you’dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.beto和begoingtobeto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客觀安排)I’mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主觀安排)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.倒裝句，表示動作正在進(jìn)行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.在時(shí)間或條件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型Itisthefirst/secondtime…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.Thisisthethat…結(jié)構(gòu)，that.ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。---Haveyou beentoourtownbefore?---No,it’sthefirsttimeI here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecomeD.everneveisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause中，從句要用完成時(shí)。的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（對）Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.since和forSince用來說明動作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度。IhavelivedhereformorethantwentyIhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.SomenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsinceIhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoIhavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Iworkedhereformorethantwenty(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)+易就能排除非延續(xù)動詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。(對TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.(錯(cuò)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.Harrybeenmarriedforsixyears.since的四種用法since(1980,lastmonth,pastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.since一段時(shí)間agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.since從句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.ConsiderabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenItis+一段時(shí)間+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.被動語態(tài)的幾種類型1）主語句中有一個(gè)賓語的被動語態(tài)，如：Hesawherintheshopyesterday.Shewasseenintheshopyesterday.2)主語有兩個(gè)賓語的被動語態(tài)LiLeigavemeachemistrybook.IwasgivenachemistrybookbyLiLei.AchemistrybookwasgiventomebyLiLei.3）to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.toMothertoldmenottobelateIwastoldnottobelatebymother.5）情態(tài)動詞+be+Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.6）表示"據(jù)說"或"相信"的詞組believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandItissaidthat…據(jù)說Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議Itistakengrantedthat…被視為當(dāng)然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家決定Itmustberememberthat…務(wù)必記住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別語連用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)I’veknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)till/until從句的差異延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……"瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"Hedidn’tcomebackuntilteno’clock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來。Hesleptuntilteno’clock.他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。典型例題Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meetB.severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.---I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe答案A.等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn).不定式作賓語1)動詞+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake舉例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。動詞++賓語+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,helpintendlike,love,needprefer,prepare,promise,want,wish…Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。IwanttospeaktoTom.我想和湯姆談話。IwantyoutospeaktoTom.我想讓你和湯姆談話。動詞+疑問詞+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。不定式作補(bǔ)語動詞+賓語+不定式(todo)adviseallowappointbelievecausechallengecommandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。Webelievehimtobeguilty.我們相信他是有罪的。Find的特殊用法：Findto定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動詞還有g(shù)et，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例題:Thenextmorningshefoundtheman inbed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying達(dá)主動，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動。to+be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動詞。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱discover,fancy(設(shè)想feelfind,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以為),understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。典型例題CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginventedconsidertodosth.B.C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此C。tobe+形容詞Seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean…Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。therebe+不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWedidn’texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我們沒料到會有那么多人在哪里。asregard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Marytookhimasherfather.瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。.不定式作主語1）It’seasy(forme)todothat.我做這事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughIt’ssonicetohearyourvoice.聽到你的聲音真高興。It’snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。2)It’sverykindofyoutohelpus.他幫助我們，他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考慮周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意：1)其