英語英語音標學習大全

英語英語音標學習大全英語英語音標學習大全英語英語音標學習大全xxx公司英語英語音標學習大全文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度初中英語國際標準音標練習元音(20個)單元音12個前元音(4個)[i:][i][e][?]后元音(5個)[ɑ:][?:][?][u:][u]中元音(3個)[?][?:][?]雙元音8個合口雙元音(5個)[ei][?u][ai][au][?i]集中雙元音(3個)[i?][u?][??]輔音(28個)清輔音(11個)[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts][h]濁輔音(17個)[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][d?][dr][dz][l][m][n][?][j][w][r]/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help//?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//?:/horse/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/course/k?:s/salt/s?:t//?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/′?nist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud//?/must/m?st/does/d?z/money/′m?ni/ugly/′?gli/come/k?m//?:/nurse/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l//?/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid?//?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/pose/p?uz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/?′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//?i/boy/b?i/toy/t?i/noise/n?iz/voice/v?is/point/p?int/coin/k?in//i?/ear/i?/near/ni?/idea/ai′di?/hear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/spi?//ε?/air/ε?/tear/tε?/care/kε?/dare/dε?/fair/fε?/there/eε?//u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/?u?/moor/mu?/(停泊)your/ju?//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/bε?//t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di?//k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/′feiv?rit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v?/serve/s?:v/never/′nev?//θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/(n呼吸)thought/θ?:t/author/′?θ?/truth/tru:θ//e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/′m?e?/thus/e?s/then/een//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?ps/likes/laiks/stops/st?ps//z/close/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b?iz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//t?/catch/k?t?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt?/child/t?aild/question/kwest??n/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?lind?//d?/orange/′?rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d??b//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/′h?ndrid//?/she/?i:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi?/shock/??k/shoe/?u://?/pleasure/′ple??/measure/′me??/television/′telivi??n//ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp?:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st?ndz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/m?:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain//?/sing/si?/wing/wi?/ring/ri?/long/l??/beautiful/bju:t?fl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r??/problem/′pr?bl?m/音標綜合練習1./i://i//e//?//bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//p?k//g?p//k?g//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//′h?pi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//tr??//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://?://?//u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//?d//l?:n//n?:t//p?:z//f?ks//s?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d?//ma:k//l?:d//t?://st?:m//p?t//kr?p//θ?t//pr?mis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//b?z//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′tr?bl//?:n//s?:f//′t?:n?//′beg?//t?k/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei//p?′veid//p?′h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b?:′lesk//′m?:d?/burlesquemurder3./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un//′?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?//??//u?//vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l//?′pi?//k?l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/m?ti?ri?l//misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./θ//e//m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves1．關于語音的幾個概念1)字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音標：詞的語音形式。3)音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。4)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand5)元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。6)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。7)開音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+enamebike ;b)輔音+元音he,go,hi8)閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+輔音it9)重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。3.容易混淆的元音1)[e][?]bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland

2)[i:][ei]realrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid

3)[e][ai]betbite;redwrite;saidside,head,hide

4)[au][?:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause

5)[au][Λ]foundfond;gowngone;downdon21)[w]wall,what,answer

22)[j]yes

23)[t∫]child,teach,catch

24)[d/]joke,bridge,

25)[ts]boats

26)[dz]goods

27)[tr]tree

28)[dr]dream5.容易混淆的輔音1)[v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell

2)[s][θ]sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath

3)[z][e]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes

4)[n][η]thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang

6.讀音規(guī)則1)重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句)2)非重讀音節(jié) [?]banana,student,today,after,[i]orange,secret,evening,very,Monday7.特殊讀音1)音的連讀：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall.afterall2)失去爆破：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme3)音的同化：thisyear,WouldyoudoitCan'tyouseeit

8.重音1)單詞重音A)雙音節(jié)詞a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter,sorryb)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前綴的詞，第二個音節(jié)是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,

im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late

c)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關,一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tent

d)有些復合詞和帶有前綴re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的詞，有兩個重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war

B)多音節(jié)詞a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,

c)詞尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective

d)詞尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette

2)句子重音A)英語的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重B)英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字數(shù)目決定的。C)實詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關系代詞，相互代詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞和系動詞be.D)實詞不重讀的特殊情況a)

實詞第二次出現(xiàn)Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.

b)

一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾Imetherintherailwaystation.

c)

代替詞WhichbookdoyouwantThesmallone.

d)

感嘆詞中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!

e)

street在專有名詞中WangfujingStreet.f)

this在這些短語中，thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虛詞重讀的特殊情況a)情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和系動詞be在句首，句尾和否定時。DoyoulikeitYes,Ido.AreyouadoctorYes,Iam.CanyouhelpmeYes,Ican.

Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.

b)情態(tài)動詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時。Theymaycomethisevening.CanitbefivealreadyHemustbeintheroom.

c)介詞在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.

d)引導復合句的連詞在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.

e)反身代詞表示強調。Hecouldn'tcomehimself.

英語發(fā)音連讀的規(guī)則連讀的條件：相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關，同屬一個意群。連讀所構成的音節(jié)一般都不重讀，只需順其自然地一帶而過，不可讀得太重，也不可音。(連讀符號：~)(1)“輔音+元音”型連讀在同一個意群里，如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個詞是以輔音結尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來連讀。I’m~an~Englishboy.It~is~an~oldbook.Letmehave~alook~at~it.MsBlackworkedin~an~officelast~yesterday.Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on,please.Not~at~all.Pleasepick~it~up.(2)“r/re+元音”型連讀如果前一個詞是以-r或者-re結尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這時的r或re不但要發(fā)/r/，而且還要與后面的元音拼起來連讀。They’remyfather~andmother.Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.There~isafootballunder~it.There~aresomebooksonthedesk.Here~isaletterforyou.Here~arefour~eggs.Butwhere~ismycup?Where~areyourbrother~andsister但是，如果一個音節(jié)的前后都有字母r，即使后面的詞以元音開頭，也不能連讀。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.（nearer與and不可連讀）(3)“輔音+半元音”型連讀英語語音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一個詞是以輔音結尾，后一個詞是以半元音，特別是/j/開頭，此時也要連讀。Thank~you.Nicetomeet~you.Did~yougettherelate~again?Would~youlike~acup~oftea？Could~youhelpme,please?“音的同化”—常把/d/+/j/讀成/dV/，didyou聽上成了/dIdVu/，wouldyou成了/wudVu/，couldyou成了/kudVu/。(4)“元音+元音”型連讀如果前一個詞以元音結尾，后一個詞以元音開頭，這兩個音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。I~amChinese.He~isveryfriendlytome.Shewantstostudy~English.How~andwhydidyoucomehere?Shecan’tcarry~it.It’lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.(5)當短語或從句之間按意群進行停頓時，意群與意群之間即使有兩個相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn)，也不可連讀。Is~ita~hatoracat（hat與or之間不可以連讀）There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.（book與in之間不可以連讀）Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench（English與or之間不可以連讀）Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning（meet與at，eight與or之間不可以連讀）Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.（door與and之間不可以連讀）失去爆破6個爆破音有3對/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情況下，只須做出發(fā)音的準備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6個爆破音中的任意2個相臨時，前一個爆破音會失去爆破，即由相關的發(fā)音器官做好這個發(fā)音的姿勢，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorningThisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We’regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tue