英語句子成分講解及練習(xí)

英語句子成分講解及練習(xí)英語句子成分講解及練習(xí)英語句子成分講解及練習(xí)xxx公司英語句子成分講解及練習(xí)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)1.主語（subject）句子說明的人或事物?？梢杂擅~（短語），代詞（短語），動(dòng)名詞（短語），數(shù)詞(短語)，非謂語動(dòng)詞（todo/doing),主語從句充當(dāng)。Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名詞）Helikesdancing.

（代詞）Fiveandfourisnine.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.

（動(dòng)名詞）Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）2.謂語（predicate）說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征?？梢杂蓜?dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng)，或由系動(dòng)詞+表語充當(dāng)。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.Thepolicewilllookintothecase.（復(fù)合謂語）Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Heiscookinginthekitchen.Shecalledmelastnight.Tomcanswim.3.表語（predicative）系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征?？梢杂置~(短語)，代詞（短語），數(shù)詞（短語），介詞短語，副詞（短語），非謂語動(dòng)詞和從句充當(dāng)。Heisateacher.

（名詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）Heisasleep.

（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.

（副詞）Thepictureisonthewall.

(介詞短語)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容詞化的分詞）Herdreamistobealawyer.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.

（表語從句）（常見的系動(dòng)詞有全系動(dòng)詞be;表感官的系動(dòng)詞sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗、吃起來）;表保持的系動(dòng)詞remain（保持，仍是）,

keep,stay;表變化的系動(dòng)詞turn,get,become,go;表終止的系動(dòng)詞turnout(結(jié)果是，被證明是)，prove被證明是。Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.Treesturngreeninspring.Herplanturnsoutasuccess.4.賓語：可以由名詞(短語)，代詞(短語)，數(shù)詞(短語)，動(dòng)名詞(doing),不定式(todo)和賓語從句充當(dāng)。1）動(dòng)作的承受者-----動(dòng)賓IlikeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（動(dòng)名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravelinginChina.Hespentfivedollarsonthisbook.Shegoestoschoolonfoot.3）雙賓語-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.Pleaseshowmeyourticket.Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputer.常見的雙賓語及物動(dòng)詞：give,show,teach,lend,send,tell,buy等。5.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式(todo)，現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)，過去分詞(done)充當(dāng)。Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名詞）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.

(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。(注：主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語就是被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語補(bǔ)足語)Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.7.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子?？梢杂擅~，代詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞（短語），介詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，不定式和定語從句充當(dāng)。Tomisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.

（數(shù)詞）Hewantstoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.

（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）狀語：用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。可以由形容詞，名詞，副詞，介詞短語和句子充當(dāng)。Iwillgotheretomorrow.(there地點(diǎn)狀語;tomorrow時(shí)間狀語)Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.(地點(diǎn)狀語)Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.（原因狀語）HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.（hard程度狀語；tolearn...目的狀語）Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.（hard程度狀語;sothat結(jié)果狀語）Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.（程度狀語）Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.（條件狀語）Hegoestoschoolbybike.（方式狀語）Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（讓步狀語）9.同位語(apposition)：補(bǔ)充說明或解釋其前面的名詞或代詞?？梢杂擅~(短語)，反身代詞和從句充當(dāng)。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.（名詞）YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.（名詞）HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.（反身代詞）Imyselfagreetotheplan.（反身代詞）Thenewsthathewonthematchexcitedhisparents.（從句）Wordhascomethatmorehighschoolgraduatewillbeadmittedintocollege.（從句）綜合練習(xí)（一）找出下列句子的主語，同時(shí)判斷其結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.7.Toteachhisalessonseemsquitenecessary.8.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.9.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.10.Thathewontheprizeexitedeveryone.（二）找出下列句子的謂語，同時(shí)判斷其結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.3.Hehascaughtabadcold.4.Wearestudents.5.Yououghttoworkharder.6.Tomlosthiswatchyesterday.（三）找出下列句子的表語，同時(shí)判斷其結(jié)構(gòu)：1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican. 2.Theweatherhasturnedcold.3.Thefoodtastesgood.4.Shelookedsadafterhearingthenews.5.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.6.Thewholeclassgotexitedatthegoodnews.（四）找出下列句子的賓語，同時(shí)判斷其結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.2.Tomlikesswimming.3.Hepretendednottoseeme.4.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.5.Ifinditimpossibletobelievehimanylonger.6.Theybelieveitstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.（五）找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語，同時(shí)判斷其結(jié)構(gòu)：1.HisfathernamedhimJohn.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.4.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.5.Isawhimenterthelibrary.6.Don’tleavethewaterrunning.7.Ifoundhimoutlastnight.（六）找出下列句子的定語，同時(shí)判斷其結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.3.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.4.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.5.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.6.Heisthemanwhosavedyourlife.（七）找出下列句子的狀語，同時(shí)判斷其結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane. 4.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.5.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.6.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.7.Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.8.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.(八）下列句子的同位語，同時(shí)判斷其結(jié)構(gòu)。Tom,mylittlebrother,likesreadingnovels.Hehimselfmadeamistake.MyfriendAmylovesdancing.Heputforwardaproposalthatweshouldtakethesubwaythere.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Theythemselveslackmoney.（九）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Theapplestastedsweet.8.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.9.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.10.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.11.He