仁愛版初中英語語法(歸納-習題)

指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,some5疑問代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6關系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as7X定代詞one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/aittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either.不定代詞用法注意點：one,some與any:one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon'thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議，請求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時， some表示某個，any表示任何一個。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.some和數(shù)詞連用表示大約”，any可與比較級連用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?each和every:each強調個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each(ofus)hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.none和no：no等于notany,作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復數(shù)皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.other和another:other泛指另夕卜的，另1J的“常與其他詞連用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指兩者中的另外一個，復數(shù)為theotherso如：Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.another指又一個，另一個“無所指，復數(shù)形式是 others,泛指別的人或事”如：Idon'tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.all和both,neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用 neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish./NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Bothofusarenotteachers./Notbothofusareteachers./Eitherofusisateacher.四.形容詞和副詞I.形容詞：.形容詞的位置：1)形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置：nobodyabsent,everythingpossible修飾some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等構成的nobodyabsent,everythingpossible復合不定代詞時

2以-able,-ible結尾的步谷詞可置于后最茴級或 only修飾的名詞之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可'以后置theonlypersonawake45和空間、時間、單位連用時abridge50meterslong成對的形容，可可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容詞短語一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith2)多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序:代詞數(shù)詞 性狀形容詞冠詞前的形容詞冠詞指示代詞不定代詞代詞所有格序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞性質，，，狀態(tài)k小卜狀新舊溫度顏色國籍產(chǎn)地材料質地名詞allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone3)復合形容詞的構成:1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4IU詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5U詞+過去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-yearII.副詞副詞的分類:1時間副詞soon,now,early,finally,once,recently5頻度副詞always,often,frequently,seldom,never2:也點副詞here,nearby,outside,upwards,above6疑問副詞how,where,when,why3F副詞hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really7連接副詞how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile4:程里度副詞almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather8關系副詞when,where,why.形容詞和副詞比較等級：形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加 -er和-est,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加 more和most。級比較時常常用as…as??以及notso(as) …曲?:-Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.可以修飾比較級的詞有： much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal。

表示——方隨另——方變化時用 "themore-themore句型女口：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.比較級來表達最高級的意思。如：Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型：Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.示最高程度的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如：favourite,excellent,extreme,perfecto五.介詞I.介詞分類：1簡單介詞about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on2合成介詞nside,into,onto,outof,outside,throughout,upon,within,without3短語介詞accordingto,becauseof,insteadof,upto,dueto,owingto,thanksto4雙重介詞fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween5分詞轉化成的介詞considering（就而論）,including6形容詞轉化成的介詞like,unlike,near,next,oppositeII.常用介詞區(qū)別:1表7K時間的in,on,atat表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子有美2表小時間的since,fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間， 和元成時連用，from指從時'司的某一點開始3表小時間的in,aftern指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中4表7K地理位置的 in,on,ton表示在某范圍內，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外］56表不在???上的on,inon只表不在某物的表向上， in表不占去某物部分表示‘穿過”的through,acrossthrough表布從內部通過，與in后關，across表布在表向上通過，與on后美7Wtk 的about,onabout指涉及到，on指專門論述89between與among的區(qū)別between表小在兩者之間， among用于二者或二者以上的中間besides與except的區(qū)另Ubesides指除了…還有再加上“，except指除了，減去什么”，不放在句首10表小用的in,withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語日,尸首11as與like的區(qū)別as意為作為，以…地位或身份”，like為象?-一樣”，指情形相似12n與into區(qū)別in通常表小位直（靜態(tài)），into表小動向，/、表小目的地或位直口六.動詞I.動詞的時態(tài)：1.動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時態(tài)的構成形式列表如下:現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask進行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking

完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成進行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking2.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強調的是對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加 巴經(jīng)”等詞。簡言之，利用過去，說明現(xiàn)在。如：Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.（已經(jīng)看過，且了解這本書的內容 ）2）一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)， 和現(xiàn)在無關，它可和表示過去的時間狀語連用， 漢譯英時可加過"，了等詞。簡言之，僅談過去，不關現(xiàn)在。如：Ireadthenovellastmonth.（只說明上個月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住 ）IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.（只說明在北京住過十年，與現(xiàn)在無關）3.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：兩者都可以表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動作的結果時，多用現(xiàn)在完成時，如著重表示動作一直在進行，即動作的延續(xù)性時，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。一般不能用于進行時的動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。Ihavereadthatbook.我讀過那本書了。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上一直在讀那本書。4.一般將來時的表達方式：，來時用法例句1will/shall+動詞原形卜示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)一Mysisterwillbetennextyear.12rbegoingto+動詞原畛含有打算，計劃，即將”做某事，或去不很有可能要發(fā)生某事It'sgoingtoclearup.Wdregoingtohaveapartytonight.3be+doing進行時菱示將來go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等詞可用進行時表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?4beaboutto+動詞京形表示安排或計劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動作，后面一般不跟時間狀語Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.5beto+動詞原形表示按計劃進行或征求對方意見Wdretomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.6一般現(xiàn)在時表示將時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來Themeetingstartsatfiveo'clock.Theplaneleavesattenthisevening.II.動詞的被動語態(tài):常用被動語態(tài)均成常用被動語態(tài)構成1一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/areasked6過去進行時was/werebeingasked2一般過去日士was/wereaskedI7現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeenasked3I一般將來時shall/willbeasked8過去完成時hadbeenasked4過去將來時should/wouldbeasked9將來完成時will/wouldhavebeenasked5現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/arebeingasked10含有情態(tài)動詞的can/must/maybeasked被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加 not,短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結構 begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時，只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。 如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構表示。如：tisbelievedthat…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat Itis-saidthat…tiswellknownthatTtmustbepointedoutthat Ttissupposedthat…tisreportedthat…Itmustbeadmittedthat…Itishopedthat…下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Thedoorwon'tshut./Theplaywon'tTheclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài)：eave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appearhappen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等七.情態(tài)動詞I.情態(tài)動詞基本用法:情態(tài)動詞用法否定式疑問式與簡答can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）cannot/cannot/cando」一Can…do…？Yes,…can.No,…can't.could可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）couldn'tdomay可以（問句中表示請求）maynotdoMay-do…？Yes,…may.No,…mustn't/can't.mightJ日匕）-A<11彳工J山/祝愿（用于倒裝句中）mightnotdoMight???do-?Yes,???mightNo,…mightnot.must必須，應該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）mustnot/mustn'tMust???do-?Yes,…must.do ，，…，…No,???neednt/donthavehaveto只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時令人稱變化）don'thavetodoDo…h(huán)avetodo ????Yes,…do.No,…don't.oughtto應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtntodoOught…todo????Yes,???ought.No,???oughtnshall將要，會用—三人稱征求對方意見用于一■二人稱表小許詔、叩令、警告、威脅等shallnot/shan 'tShall???do…？do ,Yes,???shall.No,???shant.should立當，應該（表義務責任）本該（含有責備意味）shouldnot/shouldndo二t一.一Should…do…？will意愿，決心 |willnot/won'tdoWill…do…？Yeso…will.No,…won't.would請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉wouldnot/wouldn'darek（常附十否定句和疑問句darenot/daren'tdoare…do…？to.t.

中）Yes,-dare.No,…daren't.need希要必須（常卅十否定句和疑問句中）neednot/needn'tNeed…do…？do ,Yes,???must.No,???neednusedto過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used Used…todo…？not/usedn't/usentoYes,…used.No,…use(d)n'do Did…usetodo…？didn'tusetodoYes,???did.No,???didn't.t.t.II.情態(tài)動詞must,may,might,could,can表示推測：以must為例。must+do（be）是推測現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進行； must+bedoing推測可能正在進行的事情； must+havedone是推測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。must肯定，一定”語氣強，只用于肯定句中。HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere.may和might也許”，后者語氣弱，更沒有把握?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň?。Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.can和could可能"，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can'語氣強，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.（推測某事本來可能發(fā)生，但實際上沒有發(fā)生）Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan 'tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjstlnow.（常用于疑問句和否定句中）III.情態(tài)動詞注意點：can和beableto:都可以表示能力。但 beableto可以表達某事終于成功“，而can無法表達此意。Beableto有更多的時態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。usedto和would:usedto表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習慣， 而would只表示過去的習慣或喜好， 不涉及現(xiàn)在。need和dare作情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為： needn't/daren'*doeed/dare…do…？做實義動詞時可用于肯定句， 否定句和疑問句。其形式為：need（needs/needed）/dare（dares/dared）todo,don't（doesn't/didneed/daretodo八.非謂語動詞.非謂語動詞的分類、意義及構成：非謂語形式均成特征和作用時態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式復合結構不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone在非謂語前加notforsb.todosth.具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doinghavingdonebeingdonehaving beendone具有副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做定、表、賓補和狀語過去分詞done動名詞doinghavingdonebeingdonehaving beendonesb'sdoin其有名詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定和表語

.做賓語的非謂語動詞比較:情況常用動詞只接不定式做賓語的動詞hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happenmind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuseappreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,consider只接動名詞做賓can'thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengaged語的動詞或短語 n,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto 兩者都可以意義基本相司begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不te式多指具體的動作，接動名詞多指一般或習慣行為） |need,want,require（接動名詞主動形式表示被動思義，若接小te式則應用被動形式）意義相反stoptodo停止手中事，去做另~~■件事stopdoing停止止在做的事意義/、同remember/forget/regrettodo（指動作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）goontodo（接著做另外一件事）goondoing（接著做同一件事）trytodo（設法，努力去做，盡力）trydoing（試試去做，有■啟何結果）meantodo（打算做，企圖做）meandoing（忌識是，忌味著）can'thelptodo不能幫忙做） can'thelpdoing忍小住要做）.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的區(qū)別:卜見動詞與賓語的邏輯關系及時間概念例句不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage主謂關系。強調動作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make現(xiàn)在分詞notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主謂關系。強調動作正在進行，尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.過去分詞動賓關系。動作已經(jīng)完成，多強調狀態(tài)Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged..非謂語動詞做定語的區(qū)別:

區(qū)別舉例不定式與被修飾詞往往有動賓關系，一般式表示將來，進行式表示與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，完成式表示在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生Ihavealotofpaperstotype.Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無邏輯上的任何關系與被修飾詞之間是主謂關系，表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生Shallwegototheswimmingpool?theboilingwater/theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountry/thedevelopedcountrythefallingleaves/thefallenleaves1過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動關系，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成V.非謂語動詞做主語和表語的區(qū)別:區(qū)別舉例不定式,表示一個特定的具體的將來的動作，做主語時可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表語有時可和主諾交換位置，而且意義不變，并且還能用what來提問卜語或表語。Mydreamistobecomeateacher.Toobeythelawisimportant.(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,duty,task做主語時常用)I動名i詞「不定式的功能區(qū)別不大，然而它更接近于名詞，表1的動作比較抽象，或者泛指習慣性的動作，有時也可以用it做形式主語，做表語時可以和主語互換位置。Itisnousesayingthatagainandagain.Teachingismyjob.分詞，名詞的性質，不能做主語。但是有形容詞的性質，"以做表語，多表明主語的特征性質或者狀態(tài)等，可被very,quite,rather等副詞修飾?，F(xiàn)在分詞多含有冷人…”之意，說明主，語的性質特k多表示主動，主語多為物。過去分詞般表示被動或主語所處的狀態(tài)，含有 感到???”之意，主語多是人。 Thesituationisencouraging.Thebookiswellwritten.(常見分詞有astonishing,moving,tiring,disappointing,puzzling,shocking,boring,amusing及其-ed形式)九.定語從句I.定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數(shù)的一致。關系詞先行詞從句成分例句 備注關系代詞 who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中做賓語時，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時后面關系代詞不能省略，也/、可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主語，賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語，賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth

$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主語，賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做賓語一般不省略關系副詞when時間時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地點地點狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy京因原因狀語Ican'imaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichthat與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)另1J：情況用法說明例句只用that的情況. 先行詞為 all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代詞時。先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,ittle,no,some,few等修飾時先行詞用形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時先行詞既指人又指物時先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復時.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows..Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout..ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread..Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered..HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee..Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況在非限制性定語從句中， 只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.as與which的區(qū)另k定語從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前后such和thesame修飾時，關系代詞用as不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'understand.非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前回整個主句。 如果有正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as;而which引導的從句只能放主句后，并無 正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn'expected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.ttIV.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)另:

類別吾法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句,先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意卜就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關系十分,切，寫時不用逗號分開。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定語從句,先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關系不十分卜切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當一個插入語，不能用 that引導，關系代|司做賓語時也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.十.名詞性從句種類作用常用關聯(lián)詞例句主語從句在復合句中做主語，相當于名詞，一般置謂語之前，也可用it作形式主語，主語從句放主句之后that,whether,if,asif,asthough,who, whose,which, how,Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn'tmattermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.表語從句在復合句中做表語，相當于名司，位于系動詞之后Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.when,where,why, what,賓語從句在復合句中做賓語，相當于名詞Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.同位語從句放在名詞之后(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)表明其具體內容whatever,whoever,whereverYouhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.卜一。狀語從句種類隹接詞注思點 |時間狀語when,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,till,bythetime,assoonashardly???when,nosooner???than,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,nstantly主句表示將來意義時，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時；while引導的從句中動詞延續(xù)性的；until用在肯定句中主句動詞是延續(xù)性的，而否定句中主句動詞為短暫性的。地點狀語where,wherever原因狀語because,as,since,nowthatbecause語氣最強，since較弱，表小大家都明了的原因，as又次之。條件狀語f,unless,once,incase,aslongas,onconditionthat從句中動詞時態(tài)不PJ用將來時，常用一般時代替目的狀語sothat,inorderthat,forfearthatsothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情態(tài)動詞結果狀語so--that,such-that比較狀語than,as???as,notso/as…asthemore???themore方式狀語］asif,asthough,asasif和asthough引導的從句Ti用虛

擬語氣。讓步狀語though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,wheneveras在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式；although和though用正常語序，可和yet連用，但/、可和but連用十二。倒裝句種類副裝條件例句兀全倒裝here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副詞卜頭的句子表示強調Outrushedthechildren.卜示地點的介詞短語作狀語位于句首Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.卜調表語，置于句首，或為保持句子平衡Presentatthemeetingwere1,000students.部分倒裝never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.only和修飾的狀語放于句首OnlythendidherealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.notonly…butalso連接并列的句子，前倒后卜倒NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.neither…nor連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.so???that,such…thatso或such及修飾的成分放于句首時前倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.as引導的讓步狀語Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.so,neither或nor表示前句內谷也適用于另外的人或事。Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth!省略if的虛擬條件WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.十三。虛擬語氣類別用法例句If引導的 條件從句［現(xiàn)在事實相k從句動詞：過去式（be用were）主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.卜過去事實相k從句動詞：had+過去分詞主句動詞： should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,wouldhavevisitedyou.卜將來事實相從句動詞：過去式 /should+動詞原形 /were+不定式主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.其它狀語從句asif引導的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.norderthat/sothat引導的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/might/would等+動詞原形Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.賓語從句demand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中動詞為 should+卜詞原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+動詞原形表7K與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主語從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat ggetsitesudemanded/ordered/requestedthat 等從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.其它句型,,1中tistimethat 句型中動詞用過去式或 should+動詞原形It'hightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去兀成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.fonly句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!十四。重要句型Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathefinishedhistask.NotuntilhecamebackfromabroadwasIabletoseehimagain.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Hewalkedaroundthehouse,guninhand.Mayyoubeingoodhealth!Wishyouapleasantjourneybackhome!Theprofessorwasahumorousmanwithbignoseanddeep-seteyes.Whatsurprisedmemostwashisimaginationandpatience.Helayonthegrass,withhiseyeslookingattheskyandhishandsunderhishead.SittingunderthetreeareMr.Greenandhisfirstteacher.Onthewallhangtwopicturesoffamousscientists.Lookingbackuponthosepastyears,hecouldn'thelpfeelingveryproud.Nosooner(Hardly)hadhearrivedatthetheatrethan(when)theplaystarted.Youngasheis,hehaslearnedadvancedmathematics.HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields!Therestandsabeautifulvaseinthecorneroftheroom.Tenmilesnorthofthetownliesapaperfactory.Theregoesthebell.Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchabirdashere.Itisnousecryingforhelp.IfonlyIhadbeenyourstudentinthemiddleschool!Itisbelievedthatsuchathingwillnothappenagain.OnlywhenheexplaineddidIrealizethereasonforthis.“Heworksparticularlyhard."Sohedoes,andsodoyou.”NotonlyAlicebutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplepersonofgreatachievements.十五。動詞搭配addto增加，增進add…tofi…力口進…addup相加addupto總計，所有這一切說明Idon'tthinkthesefactswill anything.Fiftynewbookshavebeen thelibrary.Themusic ourenjoymentofthefilm.Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou thebill .(addupto,addedto,addto,added …up)breakawayfrom打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉breakdown出毛病，身體 (精神 )衰弱，分解，拆開breakoff暫停，中斷breakin強行進入，插話breakinto闖入breakintopieces成為碎片breakout爆發(fā)breakup搗碎，驅散，瓦解，學期結束，拆散breakthrough突破Thecriminalmanagedtobreak thepoliceandranintothewoods.Whenheheardthenews,hebroke andcried.Don'tbreak whileothersarespeaking.Whydon'tyoubreak forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee?Whendoesschoolbreak ?Afterharvestwebreak thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.(awayfrom,down,in,off,up,up)bringup撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出bringabout造成bringout拿出，出版bringin引入，引進，掙錢bringback使回想起bringdown使下降，使倒下Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice toonlyfivedollars.Theschoolhasbrought newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.Thesongbrought happymemoriesofourschooldays.Doyouknowwhatbrought thismisunderstanding?Thekindoldmanagreedtobring theyoungorphan.Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.Thewindbrought alotoftreeslastnight.Nextmonththeywillbring aneweditionofthebook.(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)callon號召，拜訪(某人)callat拜訪、參觀(某地)callfor去叫某人 ,要求,需要callup使回憶起 ,征召入伍callin召集，請某人來callout大喊，高叫calloff取消，不舉行Doctorsareoftencalled inthemiddleofthewar.Pleasewaitformeathome.I'llcall youatyourhouseatseventonight.Thetrainscalls severalbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.Hecalledhername ,butshedidn'tanswer.Thesportsmeetwascalled onaccountoftherain.(in,for,at,out,off)comeabout發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)comedown下跌，落，降，傳下來comein進來comeinto(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)comeon來臨/快點comeout出版，結果是comealong一道來，趕快cometo達至U(anend/anagreement/astop蘇醒，合計，總共是comeover走過來comeup發(fā)芽，走近comeacross偶然碰至Ucomeback回想起comefrom來自，源自Icome thebookIlentyoulastmonth.Howdiditcome thatyoubothgotlost?Ithoughtyouhadamap.Itsuddenlycame tomewhereIhadseentheboybefore.Come now,orelseweshallbelate.Hecame melikeatiger.Thepriceofpetrolhascome sincethebeginningofthisyear.Thewordcame usemanyyearsago.Whentheexaminationresultcame ,hehadalreadygotajob.9)Thebillcame overathousanddollars.Isowedtheseedsoveramonthago,buttheyhaven'tcome yet.(for,about,back,on,at,down,into,out,to,up)cutacross抄近路cutdown砍倒，削減cutoff切斷，割掉，斷絕關系cutup連根拔除，切碎through剪斷，鑿穿cutout刪(省)掉，戒掉cutin插嘴Don'tcut___thistree.Itwillbeveryshadyinsummer.Youmustcut thenumberofcigarettesyousmoke,oritwillcauseillness.Wedecidedtocut themoor(曠野) tothevillage.Cuttingthetree meanscuttingthetreeintopieces.Theelectricitywascut whentheladyrefusedtopaythebill.WewerehavingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut .(down,down,across,up,off,in)dieof(disease/hunger/grief/oldage)死于(疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感原因)diefrom死于(意外事故、情形)dieaway漸漸消逝dieout絕種diedown(爐火 )漸熄dieoff逐一死去fallbehind落后falloverone'sfeet跌跤falldown掉下，跌倒fallback撤退，后退Babiesoftenfall whentheyarelearningtowalk.Ourteamseemstohavefallen theothers.Assoonastheenemiesfell ,thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.Shefell thebenchandhadherlegbroken.(down,behind,back,over)goinfor從事，喜愛，參加gothrough通過，經(jīng)受goover復習，檢查goup(價格)上漲，建造起來goafter追捕，追趕goagainst違反goahead先行，開始吧，問吧，說吧goaway離開goby時間過去godown下沉，降低， (日、月)西沉goon(with)繼續(xù)進行gowith相配，陪同gowithout沒有，缺少goout外出，熄滅goallout全力以赴gooff爆炸，進行，變壞，斷電，停止供應gobackon背約，食言gobeyond超出Manynewfactorieshavegone__inthepastfewyears.Rentshavegone greatlyrecently.Manyyearshavegone sincewefirstmet.Let'scontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes .Hisactionswent thewillofthepeople,Ican'tdoit,foritgoes myduty.Over100studentswent thisentranceexamination.Thebombwent andkilledtenpeople.Thebuyerwent thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.Thistiedoesn'tgo myblueshirt.Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,go .Manystudentswent playingbasketball.(up,up,by,down,against,beyond,through,off,over,with,ahead,infor)getdown下來，記下，使沮喪getdownto致力于，專心于geton進展，進步，穿上，上車getoff脫下 ,下車getin收集，插(話)getaway逃跑，逃脫，去休假getover忘記，越過，克服，從疾病中恢復getalongwith進展，相處getup起床getthrough打通電話，完成，通過getround消息傳開getclosetosth.接近，幾乎getinto(trouble)getto(know)getback取回，收回getoutShespokesofastthatIcouldn'tget whathesaid.Wewillfindwaystoget difficulties.Thestoryhasgot ,andeveryoneknowsaboutit.WhenIget withthereport,I'llgotothecinema.Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot tobusiness.Don'talwaysget awordwhenothersarespeaking.Ittookmealongtimetoget suchanunpleasantexperience.(down,over,round,through,down,in,over)giveaway贈送，泄露，出賣giveout發(fā)出，疲勞，分發(fā)，公布giveoff發(fā)出(光、熱、氣體)givein(tosb.)屈服giveup放棄，讓(座位)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHisaccentatlastgavehim .Theliquidgave astrongsmell.Theheadmastergave thenamesoftheprize-winners.Thesoldiersgave thetowntotheenemies.Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks ?Don'tbelieveinthosewhogivehisfriends .Afteralongwalk,mystrengthgave .(away,off,out,up,out,away,out)handin交上，提交handout分發(fā)handdown流傳，遺傳hangabout閑逛hangup掛電話holdback阻止，隱瞞holdup舉起，使停頓holdon別掛電話，等，堅持holdout持續(xù)，堅持，伸出holddown控制，鎮(zhèn)壓I'msureheisholdingsomething .Shemanagedtohold heremotionuntilherguestshadleft.Thenshecried.Tellhimtohold amoment.I'llcomesoon.Ourfoodsupplywon'thold formorethanafewdays.Thetrainwasheld asaresultofthefloods.Thesemeasureshelpedtohold thecity'spopulation.Hold yourleftarm,please.(back,back,on,out,up,down,up)keepup(courage,English,spirits)保持，keepupwith跟上keepoff(grass)不接近，離開keepawayfrom避開，不接近，離…遠遠的keepoutofkeepto(rules,promise)堅持，遵守keepon繼續(xù)，堅持下來keepback阻止，留下，隱瞞，扣下keepfrom克制，阻止Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep fromher.Icanhardlykeep mytearsafterhearinghiswords.Onlypridekepther burstingintotears.Icanscarcelykeep askinghimwhathehasdone."Don'ttouchme,"screamedthewoman,"Keep !"Keep untilyousucceed.Keep yourcourage,andyou'llsucceedintheend.Thethickcoatcankeepthecold .Alwaystrytokeep theruleswhenyouplayagame.Ican'tkeep witheverythingyou'redoing.(away,back,from,from,off,on,up,out,to,up)knockat/on敲knockinto撞到某人身上knockdown撞倒knockoutof把…敲出knockover撞倒knockoff停止工作，休息Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent .Theofficestuffknocks atsixeveryday.Tryknocking thewindowandseeifthereisanyoneindoors.Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked thecarparkedthere.(down,off,on,into)leavefor離開前往leaveout刪去，遺漏leavebehind遺留 ,忘記拿走leaveto留給，遺囑贈于leaveover遺留，剩下，延期"Whosenamehasbeenleft ?"demandedtheteacher.Whenhedied,heleftallhi