中國二手車場的發(fā)展-外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文大學(xué)論文

外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文原稿DevelopmentofUsedCarMarketinChinaABSTRACTAlthoughstillinitsearlydevelopmentphase,rapidgrowthofautoownershiphasalsoinjectednewvitalityforusedcarmarketinChina.Underthesupportofseriespolicy,theusedcarmarketrevealsleapingdevelopmentcharacterwithqualifiedchanges.Itisessentialtounderstandthenewchangesintheusedcarmarket.ThispaperconductedresearchonthenewfeaturesofusedcarmarketinChinatopromoteitsdevelopment.Environmentanalysisshowedthatusedcarmarketwillbestronglyenhancedbythebloomingofautomarket,rapidGDPgrowthandpolicysupport,whichex-periencedsteadytradescaleincreaseandstructureoptimization.Theusedcartradeexperiencedsteadytradescalein-creaseandstructureoptimization.Alongwiththepurchasingpatternchanging,significantexpansionofthesecond-handcarmarketisimminent,evenwithhinderissuessuchaslackofintegrity,evaluationcriteriaandafter-servicesys-tem,andincompletepolicyandregulation.Severalnewfeatureswereidentified,strongpolicysupport,enlargingmar-ketscaleandirradiationloop,remarkableconcentrationincrease,increasedstatusofbrandusedcar,andenhancedtradingserviceplatformestablishment.ItisindicatedthatChina'susedcarmarketismakingtheshiftfromsubordinatepositiontooneofthedominantpositionsinautoindustry,whichisexpectedintoahighspeed,up-goingdevelopmentpassageinthefuture.Keywords:UsedCarMarket;Development;NewFeatures;China1.IntroductionWiththerapidsocialandeconomicaldevelopment,Chinahasbecomeoneofthemostimportantmarketsintheworldfortheautomotiveindustry.Inrecentyears,thescaleofChina'sautomotiveaf-ealesservicemarketcontinuestoincrease[1].Analyzingfromthepolicy,market,developmentpotentialandotheraspects,theAnnualReportonAutomotiveIndustryinChina(2010)foundthat,inthe-YeTv\/elftheFiive,China'sautomotiveafter-salesservicemarketwillmaintainanannualgrowthrateofabout8percentbyaconservativeestimate,andreachuptoaboutRMB252.3billionYuanin2015[2].Contemporarily,therapidgrowthofautoownershiphasalsoinjectednewvitalityforsecond-handcarmarket.Thetradingvolumeoftheusedcarmarketrosefrom370thousandto4.33millionfrom2001to2011,withanan-nualincreasebeyond30%.Theaveragetradingrationbetweenusedcarandnewcaris0.24,whichindicatesthegrowingproportionofusedcarinautoindustry[3].Inrecentyears,suchoperatingmodelsasusedcarbrokers,usedcarauctionandusedcarreplacementhaveemergedinthemarketsuccessively.Thealterationoftradingmodelsprovidesnewenginesforthedevelop-mentoftheusedcarmarketinChina.Itisestimatedthatthetradevolumeratiobetweenusedandnewcarwouldreach1:1inthenexttenyears.However,China'susedcartrademarketisstillinlowproportionintheautoindustry,evenwithitsrapidgrowth.Accordingtotheexperienceofwesternad-vancedcountries,takingUSAasanexample,thebene-fitsfromusedcarsectoraccountsfor45%ofthewholeautoindustry,andtheaverageprofitfromoneusedcarisaround20%[4].Underthesupportofseriespolicy,theusedcarmarketrevealsleapingdevelopmentcharacterwithqualifiedchanges.From2000,China'susedcarmarketexperiencehighgrowth,andgraduallybecamethemajorpartoftheautoindustry.Theusedcarmarketalreadymadetheshiftfromthesubordinatepositiontooneofthedominantpo-sitionsintheautoindustry.Itisvitaltounderstandthenewchangesintheusedcarmarket.Thusthispaperconductedresearchonthenewenvironmentoftheusedcarmarket,probedintoitsnewfeatures,thustofurtherpromotethedevelopmentoftheusedcarmarketinChina.EnvironmentAnalysisAutoMarketStatusAnalysisDuetotherapiddevelopmentinautoindustry,China'sautomarketisbecomingthemostimportantareaforautotradeandmanufacture.FastexpandswasobservedinChina'sautoindustry.From2002to2011,autotradevolumerosefrom3.25millionto18.51billion,increase-ingalmost6times,with23.5%annualincrement,showninFigure1.

Note(s):Redsectionrepresentspassengercar,yellowsectionrepresentscommercialcar,bluelinerepresentsincrementfortotalcartradevolume.Alongwiththegrowthinautotradevolume,carispopularizedinordinaryfamily.AccordingtothedatafromChinaAutomotiveIndustryAssociation,civilcarpopulationincreasedfrom18.02millionto93.5million,withaveragely17.4%incrementperyear,showninFig-ure2.Consequently,thecarvolumeperthousandpeoplegrewsteadilyinChina,from3.7to46.8in2001to2011,increased12.7times,showninFigure3.Accordingtotheautomarketdevelopment,China'sautomarketisinthemassivepopularizationstage.Inthestage,carvol-umewillkeepfastincreaseuntilthecarvolumeperthousandpeopleexceeds250.Usually,itwilllast10years.Duetotheregionaldifferenceinincome,popula-tion,economy,thisstagemaylastlongerinChina.Ex-pertsfromStateInformationCenterestimatedthatthisstagemaylastuntil2013,with12%-14%incrementan-nually.Therefore,theevergrowingcarvolumeduetothepopularizationstageofautomarket,willprovidemoreroomandsolidfoundationforusedcarmarketdevelop-mentinChina.Therefore,theevergrowingcarvolumeduetothepopularizationstageofautomarket,willprovidemoreroomandsolidfoundationforusedcarmarketdevelop-mentinChina.EconomyEnvironmentAnalysisDevelopmentofAutomarketispositivelyrelatedtoeconomydevelopmentandpeopleincome[5].Asthebiggestpopulationintheworld,themarketpotentialisenormous.Recently,Chinaeconomykeepssteadyandfastincrease.RealGDPPerCapitalincreasedfrom1041$in2001to5432$in2011,with17.4%annualincrement,showninFigure4.Asresident'sincomelevelisthekeyfactorforaipalpoon,thefastgrowthinincomewilltransferintohigherdemandincreaseinChinaautomarket,whichwillFigure1.Autotradevolumefrom2002to2011.Figure2.CivilcarpopulationinPrivatepassengercarvolume(million)fCarvolumeperthousandpeople

Chinain2001-2011.Figure3.Carvolumeperthousandpeoplein2001-2011.

Figure4.RealGDPpercapitalin2001-2011.enhancethedevelopmentofusedcarmarketinChina.Inarelativelylongperiod,theautoandusedcardemandwillkeepavigorousstage.TheStateDevelopmentCenterandAutoEngineeringAssociationestimatedthatthetotalvehicledemandin2030willbe32.43million,with8.8%annualincrement[6],andthecarvolumeperthousandpeoplewillexceed100.Thisincreasewillstandforarelativelongperiod(Table1).PolicyAnalysisApartfromconsumerdemand,severalgovernmentpoli-ciesandregulationshaveboostedtheused-carmarket.TheAdministrativeMeasuresonUsedCars,releasedin2005,aretheprimaryregulationgoverningtheused-carmarket.Themeasuresintroducedacompe-titionmechanismthatallowsOEM-authorizedautodealershipstorunused-carbusinesses.Themeasuresalsoregulatedifferentparties—includingtradingmar-kets,agentsandoperatorsandstrengthenthead-ministrationoforganizationsthatappraisethevalueofusedcars.TheNoticeonUpgradingtheUsed-CarTradeMarketwasannouncedbytheministriesofCommerceandFinanceinJuly2009.Thecircularaimedtoimprovetheused-carindustry.Initially,thePRCgovernmentselected10provincesandmunicipalities-Beijing,Hubei,Jiangsu,Jiangxi,Liaoning,Shandong,Shang-hai,Shenzhen,TianjinandZhejiangtoreceivefis-calfundingtoconductpilotprogramsthatfocusedonthemanagementandinformationonused-cartransac-tionstoimprovetransparency.TheAutoIndustryRevitalizationPlan,releasedin2009bytheStateCouncil,callsfortheestablishmentofanationalappraisalandevaluationstandardssys-temandatemporaryownershipregistrationsystem.Theplanalsocallsforadjustingthevalue-addedtaxrateonusedcartransactionsandencouragesdealer-shipstoparticipateinvehiclereplacementprograms.TheTwelfthFive-YearPlanencouragedconsumertopurchaseenergysavingandenvironmentvehicle.Se-riesvehiclesubsidyandtaxreductiononlowemis-sionandnewenergyvehiclewereimplemented,whichhavedirectinfluenceonthefutureusedcarmarket.Therewouldbeincreaseinlowemissionandnewenergyusedcarinthefuture[7].CurrentStatusofUsedCarMarketTradeScaleKeptSteadyGrowthUsedcarmarketincreaseddramaticallyinChinafrom2001.Thetradevolumerosefrom0.37millionto4.79millionin2012,increasedby13times.Theaveragein-crementfrom2001to2012was29.9%(Figure5).Theratioforusedcarandnewcarincreasedfrom0.16to0.23,averagely0.24from2001to2011,nationwide(Figure6).Insomeadvancedarea,likeBeijing,theratioalreadyreached1:1in2011.Alongwiththeexpansionofnewcarmarket,usedcarmarketwasenhanced,cones-quently.Itisestimatedthatthetradeofusedcarandnewcarwillcometo1:1in10to15yearsinChina.Consequently,thetransactionmoneyforusedcartradeincreasedsteadily,whichrosefrom13.2BillionYuanin2001to263.6BillionYuanin2012.Theannualincre-mentwas33.7%(Figure7).Theproportionofusedcar

TableLEstimarionofautodemandandParc.AutodemandiraJliciiAmoPair-tmlliotiYeai202020j02020M3QSalooncar13.73220493.99194.83Pas^enser，笛4365.41313347.20Truck3.704.9S263937E4Total\ehick21a432.4315171279.87Figure6.Ratioofusedcarandnewcar.marketinautoindustryincreasedsteadily,withtheav-erageproportionof5.5%from2004to2010(Figure8)[7].Thegrowingusedcarmarketisbecomingthemostimportantpartofautoindustry,whichprovidethefoun-dationforleapingdevelopment.3.2.UsedCarTradeKeptOptimizedAfteryearsofrapiddevelopment,thetradestructureisoptimizing.Alongwiththetradevolumeincrease,salooncargraduallytookmajorproportioninusedcartrade.After2008,salooncaraccountformorethan50%ofusedcarmarketshare(Table2).Intheusedcarmarket,domesticbrandcarhadtheab-solutedominantposition,whichaccountsmorethan95%.Onthecarage,evenwithdecrease,usedcarin3-10yearsstilltooktheleadingposition,whichstillhad75%sharein2011.Tradeofusedcarbelow3-yearincreasedoverthelastfewyear,with18.74%sharein2011(Fig-ure9).ObviousregionaldifferencewasobservedinChina'issedcarmarket.AccordingtothestatisticsfromChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,usedcartradeconcen-tratedinthedevelopedarea,isshowninTable3.Thefirstfifthregionsaccountfor55.14%forusedcartradeinChina,whilethefirsttenthregionsaccountfor77.02%.However,slightdecreasewasobservedinthosedevelopedregions.Thiswasprobablyduetothehighlevelofusedcartradeinpreviousyearsalreadyreducedthemarketdemand.Forthelessdevelopedarea,rapiddevelopmentwasobserved.Evenwithlowmarketshare,automarketwasdrivenbythefasteconomygrowth.Thehugemarketpotentialwasreleased,thustheusedcartradeincreasedveryfast.Besidesthat,usedcartradewasmainlyinlocalarea.In2010,localregisteredusedcaraccountfor88.27%ofthetotalvolume.Thiswasduetothecomplexownershiptransferandregistrationprocedureforcrossregionaltransaction,andhighcost.Thishadsignificanteffectonrationalcirculationofusedcar.Figure8.Usedcartransactionmoneyfrom2001to2012.100.0095.0090.0085.0080.0075.00DomesticbrandusedcarUsedcarin3-10years19.0018.5018.0017.5017.0016.5016.0015.5015.00-14.5020072008200920102011Table2.Ti'icl^qtiiirmrp白fugh!ru1in<"hinnfi￡<mHJ01ra2010.TrodrP除內(nèi)喀日carSitooncarVntnwTivtwtmiPropmtifflnV聞wrTnawnwiiPropartimVNwrTfirmiwiit(Jbowd；制(TMwifljij(%)(Thagffld)"ij㈤如：以6xXI相工大學(xué)年x學(xué)院畢業(yè)談吐(論文)5□」外文文默瓊稿和譯/a7”.箝2002163.42291空例172.21?！捌?24S.274.06200J1S65c4即曳1r2723工24*3,裝?,152-1Figure9.Brandandyearfeatureforusedcarmarket.?(MU2S1Q仙”?|2^：44Sw?VI419?羽3.3.PurchasingPatternChanged1二的邙知。J7.753409i\42HOTi66&Asamatteroffact,growthinthesecond-handcarmarketsurpassedthesalesgrowth455417141714644.53425PW35?.Lofnewcars.Usedcargrewbygar20%』nvolume:terms】in2011,1reaching.over4.3k3獷*1714即$11a17至史2010$姐14171548比34?8L01S20?222148.7452.1351.475447Tablp3,TopusedcarfiadeareasinCliiuafrom2008to2011,200S200920102011RankAreaTradeiixduniE(Thousand)AreaTradevohune(Thousand)AreaTradevoiianit("DL-DU&aEHf)AfeaTradevolume(Thousand)1Guanedoiis500617693Cmaiiadc^5882上第Ehawfc華S5SShMkkrflg：溺號出啤5163Zb可俎咚2ti4Beijmf354SichuanSichuan303423Sictmao31SBeijing351Beijui@爾5Sichiia?2tK*Sh3m曲l3112056giumdo%16JZLuejian^237Zhejianz245Zhejianz1737HrwtD155Heudu219Henau2J2Henau1708JilinUILiaannif120L迄疝y195Llsouihs)50gTaanim虻Choflgjqiflg108Yuflnan133Yunnan12710LLamuig87T㈣ED37CbjcngqiagLil%NcteCs):tradqvolume田2011was山卓就皿fbrthethreeqnaitenmillion.Indeed,asthistrendintensifies,theusedcarsegmentwilloutstripthenewcarsegmentinabsolutetermsaswell.Morespecifically,giventhecurrenttrend,almost19millionusedcarsareexpectedtochangehandsin2017.Thattranslatesintoanimpressivecompoundedannualgrowthrateofover30%.OneimportantreasonforthischangeisthepurchasingpatternofChineseconsumers.Onaverage,60%ofChi-nesecarownersreplacetheircarseverythreeyearmuchmorefrequentthanothernationalcarmarkets.Thisdispositionismoreapparentinthehigh-endsegment.Here,automobileturnoverisparticularlystrongduetofast-changingdemandsfromwealthyindividualsandapurchasepatternthatcloselycorrelateswiththeirbusinesses'profitability.Carsthathavebarelybeenusedenterthesecondautomarket,attractingnewbuyersintheprocess.Moreover,consumerattitudesarechanging.Frombe-ingviewedasmerestatussymbols,carsarenowin-creasinglybeingboughtforreasonsoffunctionalityandtransportation.Additionally,asmostpeoplecurrentlybuycarsfortheirfirsttime,theywillnotbeaswillingtospendafortuneonanewcar.Especiallyasgovernmentpoliciesarenowhelpingcarpenetrationdeepenandspreadtoruralareasandlower-tiercitiesinChina,whereanestimated700millionpeopleliveandpurchasingpowerismuchweaker.So,second-handcarsarebecom-ingviableanddesirableoptionsforanincreasingnumberofChinese.WiththeincreasedsupplyofusedcarstotheautomarketandtheChinesebecomingmorecomfortablewiththeideaofsecond-handcarpurchases,thissegmentissettogrowsubstantiallyinthecomingyears.Althoughtherearesomeconcerns,suchasabsenceoftrustbetweenbuyerandseller,asthemarketbecomesmoreestablishedandformalizedthroughauthorizeddealerships,thisproblemwilllikelydiminishinthefuture.Anddespitegovernmentalpoliciesthatlargelyblocksecond-handcarsfromfirst-tiercitymarkets,theyaremoreattractiveoptionsforChineselivinginotherareas,especiallyinpoorer,ruralareasandlower-tiercities.So,significantexpansionofthesecond-handcarmarketisimminentandthiscreatesmanyopportunitiesforusedcartradeandrelatedcompanies[8].NewFeaturesofUsedCarMarketIssuesofUsedCarMarketAsoneoftheimportantpartsofautomarket,usedcarmarketkept20%-30%increaseannually.However,theusedcarmarketisstillinthepreliminarystage,com-paredtotheadvancedmarketinwesterncountries.Sev-eraldominantissueswereasfollows.First,lackofintegrityinusedcarmarket.ThelackoftrustbetweenbuyerandsellercurrentlyremainsahugeproblemimpedingtheusedcarmarketinChina.Chineseconsumers,havefewresourcestohelpthemunderstandthevalueofoldervehicles.Usedcarbrokeroftenmakestrapsforconsumerforhighprofit.Therearequality,priceandlegalriskforconsumers.Andfewmechanicsareexperiencedenoughtovaluecarsindependently.Duetothelackoftrust,manypotentialusedcardemandscannottransferintorealmarketdemand.Someforeignautomakersarehopingtoaddressthisproblembysettingupprogramstosellcertifiedpre-ownedcarswithwar-ranteeprotection.Astheusedcarmarketcontinuestoevolve,thisissuewouldbesolved.Second,lackofusedcarevaluationcriteria.Currently,therewasnosystematicusedcarvalueassessmentcrite-riaandresidualvaluereleasingsystem.Onthenationalside,noruleproclaimedforusedcarevaluationandvalueassessment.Inpracticalusedcartrade,carevalua-tionismostlysubjectiveevaluation,onlyfewcompanieshavespecializedequipment.Thustheevaluationresultdependsontheexperienceandresponsibilityofestimator,whichweakenthefairnessandrationality.Whenresidualvalueassessment,simpleaveragelifespandepreciationwereused,withoutrationalbasisandreference,whichreducethefairnessofvaluemeasurement.Third,lackofafter-sellservicesystems.Theusedcarmarketonlyhadthefunctionforindustryandcommer-cialbureauverification,andregistration,didnothaveessentialservicefunction,facilityandservicemethod.Onepackageservicehasbeenprovidedinnewcarmar-ket,butnotinusedcarmarket.Thisisfarmorebehindadvancedcountries.Duetothelackofproperservicesystem,theconfidenceofconsumerwasaffected,andtheexpansionofusedcarmarketwasrestricted.Fourth,incompletepoliciesandregulationsforusedcarmarket.AccessrestrictionisquitelowinChina,whichresultinlowtechnicalability,poormanagementandirregulartransaction,andweakenconsumer-derwanfThetaxdifferencefordifferenttradebodiesforbroker(0%),company(2%),auction(4%),andtrademarket(0%),resultinchaosandunfairnessinusedcarmarket[8,9].Thereisnosystematicusedcarevaluationandassessmentcriteria.Theirrationalandsubjectevalu-ationandassessmentresultfromdifferentpersonnelre-ducedtherealindicationoncarrealvalue,whichrestrictthemarketdevelopment.Arationalevaluationsystemshouldbeestablishednation-wide.4.2.NewFeatureofUsedCarMarketinChinaStrongpolicysupportforupperdevelopmentInrecentyears,policysupportisthemostimportantboosterforusedcarmarket.Seriesdirectorindirectpol-icyhasbeenreleased,andfacilitateanfavorableenvi-ronmentforusedcarmarket.Encouragingusedcarmar-ketdevelopmenthasbeenplacedingovernmentworkreportandplan,whichconfirmedthebasicmacro-policydirection.Thepolicysupporthasbeendirectlyputintopracticeontheusedcartrademarket,whichalreadymakestheshiftfromoutsideenvironmentsupporttodirectfosteringonusedcartrademarket.ThemostimportantoneistheDemonstrationProjectofUsedCarTradeMarketUp-gradingandReconstruction.TheprojectwasexecutedbytheMinistryofCommerceandFinance.40usedcartrademarketswereincludedintenprovinces.Theemphasiswasonthemarketenvironmentandservicefacility,andmanagementsystem.Seriestechnicalandoperationalsupportswereprovidebythegovernment.Informationtechnologywaswidelyusedtopromotenationalinfor-mationinterconnectionandinteraction,thustobuildthefoundationonnationalmarketandcirculation.Theapplicationofthesepolicies,werenotonlythesupportfromgovernment,butalsotheconcepteducationforthewholeusedcartradeandcirculationindustry.Theaimwastoreformandupgradethemodeofusedcartrade,enforcescaleoperation,andpromotecross-re-gionalusedcartransaction[8,10].ExpansionofmarketscaleandirradiationloopAfterseveralyearsofdevelopment,theusedcarmar-ketinthekeycitiesasthecoreisbecomingthebasictrenddirectionforthenationwideintegratedmarket.DuetotheregionaldiscrepancyinChinausedcarmarketthroughouttheprovinces,thegradientdifferenceinusedcarconsumercanbeachievedforthemarketdevelop-ment.Thiswasconfirmedbytheexperienceindevel-opedcountries.Thefirstpriorityistotakingadvantageofradiationandleadingroleofcorecities,toformregionalusedcarmarket.Withthemarketdevelopment,theseamlessconnectionbetweenregionalmarketcanbeachieved.Then,theusedcartransfergradientcanbeestablishedfromdevelopedareatolessdevelopedarea,thustoformtheunifiednationalmarket.Theusedcarinthedevelopedareaistransferringtothelessdevelopedarea,alongwiththedemandchangingfromnewly-increasedtorenew.ThiswillbeoneofthemostimportantfeaturesforChina'susedcarmarket.RemarkableconcentrationincreaseinusedcartradeAccordingtotheexperienceinusedcarmarketinde-velopedcountries,large-scaleusedcartradeisalwaysaccompanywiththearisinganddevelopingofwholesale.ForChina'smarket,theusedcarwholesalemainlytoauctionisgraduallyarising,whichwillbeoneoftheimportantsymboloflarge-scalemarketdevelopment.Theadvancedwholesalebusinessprovidesstrongsup-portforthelarge-scaleusedcartrade.Itisthefoundationforcrossregionalusedcartransaction,andoperationefficiencyimprovement.Thustheoperationaltransfercostcanbereduced,andimprovethecomparativead-vantageinusedcarprice,topromoteusedcarconsump-tion.Itisessentialtohavegradientdistributionofnewcarandusedcar,toenhancethematurityofChina'sautomarket.Fundamentalchangeswilltakeplaceinthetraditionalsmallworkshopoperationmode.Usedcarbrokercom-panywithcertainscaleandwithabilityforcrossregionaltransactionwillariseinthemarket,andlarge-scaleusedcartradegroupwillalsogrow.Thesmallscalebrokerwillbeforcedtoquitthemarket.Thus,theobsessedis-suecharacterizedinsmall,scatteredanddisorderedusedcartradewillbesolved.Alongwiththechange,professionaldivisionwillbeenhancedfortheusedcarservicecompanies.Integratedusedcarcompanywillbereplacedbyspecializedpur-chasingcompany,wholesalecompanyandretailcom-pany.Morespecializedserviceandtradecompanywillarise,suchasauctioncompany,third-partydetectionservicecompany,evaluationandassessmentcompanyandsoon[11].ImportantroleofbrandusedcarBrandusedcarfromcarmanufacturestartedfrom2004.Andgreatdevelopmenthastakenplaceinthere-centyears.Mostofthecarmanufacturesinitiatedtheirstrategyandusedcartrademarkinthebrandusedcar,suchasChengxin,AnjifromSAICMotor,CertifiedusedcarfromFAW-Volkswagen,AnxinfromFAWTOY-OTAMotor,AAAfromFAWAudi,andXiyueusedcarfromGACHONDA,andsoon.Replacementofusedcarisbecomingthemainmodeforbrandusedcar.Competitionamongdifferentusedcarbrandswentdeep.Therearearound1000autodealerinvolvedintheusedcarreplacement.As4Sshopisgraduallybecomingthemainbrandusedcarsourceandtradingplace,theadvantageofdealershipismoreandmoreobvious.Onthebasisofadvantageinbrandinflu-enceand,maintenanceandservice,brandusedcarwillbethemajorproportionofusedcarmarket[12].TradingserviceplatformestablishmentwillbethemaincontentofusedcarmarketUndercurrentcircumstance,tradingserviceplatformestablishmentisquiteessentialfortheusedcarmarketinChina.Usedcartraderelatedtesting,evaluation,assess-mentandotherservicecanbeprovidedintheplatformforbothindividualtraderanddealer.Thisplatformin-eludesreplaceplatformbetweennewandusedcars,ser-viceplatformamongmanufactures,andallianceplatformamongtrademarketnationwide[10].Serviceplatformisrequiredtojointnewcarandusedcartradeservice,duetothereplacebusinessmajoredusedcartradeinChina.Brandusedcarrelyontheplat-formtoachievereplacementbusinessandinternalre-sourceinterchangeamong4sshops.Dealershipcanusetheplatformtoenforceusedcarsourceintegrationandcross-regionaltransaction.Forprofessional,large-scaleandregionaldemand,traditionaltrademarketandbrokeralsoneedthisplatform.Derivedserviceslikefinanceandinsurancealsorelyontheplatformtobusinessdevelop-ment.5.ConclusionsEnvironmentanalysisshowedthatusedcarmarketwillbestronglyenhancedbythebloomingofautomarket,rapidGDPgrowthandpolicysupport.Theusedcartradeexperiencedasteadytradescaleincreaseandstructureoptimization.Alongwiththepurchasingpatternchang-ing,significantexpansionofthesecond-handcarmarketisimminent,evenwithhinderissuessuchaslackofin-tegrity,evaluationcriteriaandafter-servicesystem,andincompletepolicyandregulation.ThenewfeaturesofChina'susedcarmarketwereidentified.First,strongpolicysupportwillpromoteitsupperdevelopment.Second,bothmarketscaleandmar-ketirradiationloopwillenlarge.Third,therewillbere-markableconcentrationincreaseinusedcartrade.Four,brandusedcarwillgraduallytakeanimportantrole.Fi-nally,tradingserviceplatformestablishmentwillbethemaincontentoftheusedcarmarket.Themarketfeatureindicatedthatamajorturningpointwastakingplace,whichshowedthatChinausedcarmarketismakingtheshiftfromthesubordinatepositiontooneofthedomi-nantpositionsintheautoindustry.Chha'susedcarmarketisexpectedintoahighspeed,up-goingdevelop-mentpassage.AcknowledgementsThisworkissponsoredbythe12ndFive-yearSupportPrograminShanghaiUniversityofEngineeringScience(2012-09-nhky)andShanghaiAutomotiveEducationalFoundationProject“UsedcarbusinessmoderesearchundernewmarketcircumstanceREFERENCES【1】A.D.Little,“China'sAutomotiveMarket,"AutomotiveViewpoint,2011.[2]ChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,“2010ChinaAutoMarketYearbook,ChinaCommercialPublishingHouse,Beijing,2010.[3]ChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,“2012ChinaAutoMarketYearbook,”ChinaCommercialPublishingHouse,Beijing,2012.【4】X.B.Sun,"ContributionofUCdrBusinessforOEMandImplementStrategy,MBAThesis,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai,2011.【5】X.C.Li,“EffectofRealGDPperCapitalonPrivateCarDemand,"SpecialZoneEconomy,Vol.1,2010,pp.284-285.【6】StateInformationCenterandNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,“ForecastofChina'sAutoMarketin2012,"ChinaMachinePress,Beijing,2012.【7】ChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,“2011ChinaUsedCarIndustryDevelopmentReport,"Beijing,2011.【8】IPSOSinChina,“RelatedPolicyAnalysisonUsedCarMarkeddStadizationandPromotionDevelopment,"ChinaMotor,No.2,2011,p35.32【9】ChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,“2011ChinaAutoMarketYearbook,”ChinaCommercialPublishingHouse,Beijing,2011.[10]Z.Y.Luan,"ResearchontheCurrentChinadUCarBrandMarketingModel,"MasterThesis,JilinUniversity,Changchun,2011.【11】H.ZhangandA.W.Zheng,“CurrentSituationAnalysisandDevelopmentStrategyofChina'sUsedCarMarket,"AutoIndustryResearch,No.7,-21(312,pp.10[12]IndustryEconomyDivisioninDevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncil,ChinaAssociationofAuto-mobileManufactures,ShanghaiVW,“2012DevelopmentReportonChina'snAutstry,“SocialSciencedecaicPress,Beijing,2012.From:YaliYang,HaoChen*,RuopingZhangCollegeofAutomotiveEngineering,ShanghaiUniversityofEngineeringScience,Shanghai,ChinaReceivedApril25,2013;revisedMay25,2013;acceptedJune15,2013中國二手^市場的發(fā)展摘要盡管目前仍處于早期發(fā)展階段，在中國迅速增長的汽車所有權(quán)數(shù)量也為二手車市場注入了新的市場活力。在一系列的政策支持下，二手車市場在合理的轉(zhuǎn)變下顯現(xiàn)出跨越式發(fā)展。其精華所在就是理解二手車的新變化。這篇文章主要研究的是二手車市場在中國的新功能以及如何去促進(jìn)它的發(fā)展。環(huán)境分析表明二手車市場將會通過井噴式的汽車市場獲得強(qiáng)有力的擴(kuò)大，GD的快速增長以及政策支持，經(jīng)理穩(wěn)定的貿(mào)易形勢增長以及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。伴隨著購買模式的改變，意味著二手車市場的擴(kuò)大正是迫在眉睫，即便存在有諸如缺乏完好性、評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及售后服務(wù)系統(tǒng)和不完善的政策和管理。有數(shù)個新的功能被認(rèn)知，政策強(qiáng)力的支持，擴(kuò)大市場規(guī)模并形成產(chǎn)業(yè)輻射區(qū)，環(huán)內(nèi)市場密度增加，那個價(jià)二手車品牌的使用地位，并且擴(kuò)建二手車貿(mào)易平臺公司這也意味著中國的二手車市場正在從附屬地位向主導(dǎo)地位產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變，其被預(yù)估在未來將步入高速發(fā)展通道。關(guān)鍵詞：二手車市場；發(fā)展；新特性；中國1.簡介隨著社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，中國已成為世界上最重要的汽車市場之一。在最近幾年，中國的汽車售后服務(wù)市場開始擴(kuò)大，從政策，市場行情，發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ确矫鎭砜?，中國汽車市場行業(yè)年度報(bào)表顯示，在十二五期間，保守估計(jì)中國汽車售后服務(wù)市場年增長率將保持在百分之八左右，并且在2015年將達(dá)到大約2523乙元。目前來看，新車擁有權(quán)數(shù)量在快速增長，這同樣為二手車市場注入了新的活力。從2001到2011年二手車交易量從37萬增長到433萬，其中一年增長率超過了百分之30二手車和新車的平均貿(mào)易分配是0.24,這表明了二手車在汽車行業(yè)的增長比例。最近幾年，在汽車市場上成功展現(xiàn)的有諸如二手車代理商，二手車拍賣和二手車置換。新的貿(mào)易模式的變更為中國的二手車市場提供了新的動力。據(jù)估計(jì)，在接下來的十年里，新車和二手車的貿(mào)易量之比將達(dá)到1:1.

然而，盡管在高速發(fā)展的模式下，中國的二手車交易市場在汽車行業(yè)中仍占比較低。根據(jù)西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)歷來看，以美國為例，二手車部門占整個汽車市場利潤的百分之45,平均一輛二手車的利益在百分之20左右。在一系列政策的支持下，二手車市場顯現(xiàn)出合理化的跨越式的提升。自2000年開始，中國的二手車市場經(jīng)歷了高速發(fā)展階段，支局成為汽車市場的主要部分。系列政策的支持下，二手車市場顯示跳躍的發(fā)展特征與合格的變化。從2000年開始，中國二手車市場高速增長的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并逐步成為汽車行業(yè)的重要組成部分。二手車市場已經(jīng)完成了從附屬產(chǎn)業(yè)到汽車行業(yè)中主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變。這對理解二手車市場的新變化是非常重要的。因此這篇論文闡述研究在新環(huán)境下的二手車市場探索它的新特性，從而長遠(yuǎn)促進(jìn)二手車市場在中國的發(fā)展。2,從環(huán)境角度分析汽車市場現(xiàn)狀分析由于汽車行業(yè)的的快速發(fā)展，中國的汽車市場即將成為汽車貿(mào)易和制造業(yè)最大的貿(mào)易區(qū)域。中國汽車行業(yè)處于快速發(fā)展階段。從2002到2011年，汽車貿(mào)易量從3.25百萬增長到18.51億萬，增長將近6倍，伴有23.5%的年增長量，如表一所示。200018001600140012001000800600400200Q標(biāo)注：紅色部分代表乘用車，黃色部分代表商務(wù)車，藍(lán)線代表總汽車貿(mào)易增長量＜隨著汽車貿(mào)易量的增長，汽車在普通家庭中越發(fā)普及。更具中國汽車行業(yè)也協(xié)會的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，民用汽車人口數(shù)量從18.02百萬增長到了93.5百萬人次，伴有年平均百分之17.4的增長量，如圖表二所示。圖表-r01m印中國民用汽車數(shù)最所以，在中國每千人當(dāng)中，汽車數(shù)量級都處在在穩(wěn)步增長之中，在2001到2011年從3.7增長到到46.8,上升了12.7倍，如圖表三所示。更具汽車市場的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r來看，中國汽車市場正處于巨大的推廣階段。在這個階段汽車規(guī)模將保持快速增長直到每千人汽車規(guī)模超過250人次。通常，這將持續(xù)十年之久。由于各地區(qū)在收入，人口，經(jīng)濟(jì)均有不同，這個階段在中國或許會持續(xù)更長的時間。從國家信息中心檢測到的數(shù)據(jù)來看核心是這個階段可能持續(xù)到2013年并伴隨有12%-14%勺年增長率。?V私人轎車的擁有量《百萬）=標(biāo)千人轎車擁有量因此，由于人們所處的汽車發(fā)展規(guī)模不盡相同，曾經(jīng)增長的市場規(guī)模將提供更多的市場空間和利潤為二手車在中國的發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境分析汽車行業(yè)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人們的收入是起著積極作用的。作為世界上最大人口的國家，市場發(fā)展?jié)摿κ蔷薮蟮?。最近，中國?jīng)濟(jì)仍然保持著快速的增長。人均GD皤長從2001年的1041美元增長到了2011年的5432美元，伴有17.4的年增長量，正如表四所示。40%30%20%10%0%汽車人口提高的關(guān)鍵就是居民收入水平的提高，快速的工資增長將轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹袊鴮ζ囀袌龅脑鲩L需求，這將提高二手車市場在中國的發(fā)展前景。在很長的一段時間內(nèi)，新車和二手車將處于充滿活力的階段。國家發(fā)展中心和汽車工程協(xié)會預(yù)計(jì)在2030年汽車總需求量將達(dá)到32.43百萬，并伴有8.8%的年增量，并且汽車規(guī)模人口每千人將超過100人次。這種增長將持續(xù)關(guān)連很長一段時間（表一）。政策分析除了消費(fèi)者的需求以外，數(shù)個政府政策以及規(guī)定都有提高二手車市場的擴(kuò)大。頒布于2005年的《關(guān)于二手車行政的措施》是政府監(jiān)管二手車市場的主要管理途徑。這項(xiàng)措施介紹了一個遵循OEIK權(quán)的經(jīng)銷商，允許經(jīng)營二手車業(yè)務(wù)的競爭體制。這項(xiàng)措施調(diào)節(jié)了不同的部分一包括汽車市場貿(mào)易，代理人和運(yùn)營商一并且加強(qiáng)了組織的管理，提高了對二手車的評價(jià)。商務(wù)和貿(mào)易組織在2009年七月宣布關(guān)注二手車貿(mào)易市場的提升。它核心瞄準(zhǔn)二手車行業(yè)。最初，PRC&府選擇了10個省市一一北京，湖北，江蘇，江西，遼寧，山東，上海，深圳，天津和浙江一一去接受財(cái)政資助并創(chuàng)建十點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，關(guān)注與二手車有關(guān)的管理與信息從而提高透明度。汽車行業(yè)振興計(jì)劃于2009年在國務(wù)院公布，要求確立一個國家鑒定與評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的系統(tǒng)和一個臨時的所有權(quán)登記系統(tǒng)。方案還要求調(diào)整二手車交易的增值稅率并且鼓勵經(jīng)銷商參與汽車置換項(xiàng)目。十二五計(jì)劃鼓勵消費(fèi)者購買新能源汽車和環(huán)保汽車。在一系列的汽車補(bǔ)貼和低排放的情況下，新能源汽車誕生了。這將直接影響未來的二手車市場。未來二手車會在低排放和新能源上有所增長。3.二手車市場的現(xiàn)狀貿(mào)易規(guī)模保持穩(wěn)定增長從2001年開始二手車市場在中國承戲劇性增長。在2012年貿(mào)易規(guī)模從0.37百萬增長到了4.79百萬，增長了13倍。從2001年到2012年平均增量是29.9%（圖表五）。在全國范圍內(nèi)，二手車和新車之比從0.16提升到0.23,從2001到2011平均為0.24（圖表6）。在某些發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，例如北京，2011年比例已經(jīng)達(dá)到1:1。隨著新車市場的擴(kuò)張，因此二手車市場也被擴(kuò)大，據(jù)估計(jì)中國在未來十到十五年問，二手車和新車貿(mào)易將達(dá)到1:1,。因此，商務(wù)資金為二手車貿(mào)易帶來穩(wěn)步增長，使得其從2001年的132億元增長到2012年的2636億元。年增長量是百分之33.7（圖表七）。二手車市場比例在汽車行業(yè)穩(wěn)步增長，在200蛭Ij2010ffi間平均比伊J是百分之5.5。不斷擴(kuò)大的二手車市場正將成為汽車市場最重要的部分，它使得經(jīng)濟(jì)獲得飛速發(fā)展。圖表一：汽車需求估計(jì)和帕洛阿爾托研究中心汽車需求/百萬汽車帕洛阿爾托研究中心年份化工大學(xué)：xx：學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）一一外文文獻(xiàn).原稿和譯文??轎車137822.049399194.83乘用車4365.4131.3347.20卡車3.704.9826.3937.84總車輛21.8432.4315L71279.87表格五：從2001-2012二手車貿(mào)易量20012002200S2004200520062007200S200920102011新車數(shù)量C百萬）二手車數(shù)量《百萬）―新隼與二手車數(shù)量之比表格六：新車與二手車占比圖國夫只住至壬左衣舄新2007200819.0018.5018.00國夫只住至壬左衣舄新2007200819.0018.5018.0017.5017.0016.5016.0015.5015.0014.50200920102011表格9,年度二手車市場品牌特性二手車貿(mào)易不斷優(yōu)化經(jīng)過多年的快速發(fā)展，貿(mào)易結(jié)