大學(xué)英語寫作課件6-Effective-sent

TheSentenceEffectiveSentencesTheSentenceEffectiveSentenceAccordingtotheusagesofthesentences:1)Declarativesentences2)Interrogativesentences3)Imperativesentences4)ExclamatorysentencesAccordingtotheusagesoftheAccordingtothestructuresofthesentences:1)simplesentences2)Compoundsentences3)ComplexsentencesAccordingtothestructuresofTypesofsentences

AccordingtoRhetoric[‘ret?rik]

（修辭學(xué)）Loose,

PeriodicandBalancedsentencesTypesofsentences

AccordingtLooseSentences

松散句或散體句Aloosesentenceputsthemainideabeforeallsupplementaryinformation;Inotherwords,itputsfirstthingsfirst,Andletsthereaderknowwhatitismainlyaboutwhenhehasreadthefirstfewwords.LooseSentences

松散句或散體句AlooseEx:IamwillingtopayslightlyhighertaxesfortheprivilegeoflivinginCanada,consideringthefreehealthcare,thecheaptuitionfees,thelowcrimerate,thecomprehensivesocialprograms,andthewonderfulwinters.

ThemainpointofthissentenceisthatthewriterpreferstoliveinCanada,andthewritermakesthepointattheverybeginning:everythingwhichfollowsissimplyextrainformation.

Ex:Loosesentences

LoosesentenceistheonewhichthemainideaisplacedfirstNosuspense

isattempted.Itgoesstraighttothepointsothatthereadergetsitbeforehecomestotheendofthesentence.Loosesentencesareeasier,simpler,morenaturalanddirect.LoosesentencesLoosesentencePeriodicSentences

掉尾句/圓周句/整體句Aperiodicsentence:Themainideaisexpressedatorneartheendofit,Anditisnotgrammaticallycompleteuntiltheendisreached.Thereaderdoesnotknowwhatitismainlyaboutuntilhefinishesreadingit.Itismorecomplex,emphatic,formalandliterary.PeriodicSentences

掉尾句/圓周句/整體句PeriodicSentencesItisimportanttorememberthatperiodicsentences:Usedonceortwiceinapieceofwriting,theycanbeveryeffective;Usedanymorethanthat,theycanmakeyousounddullandpompous（浮夸）.PeriodicSentencesItisimportExamplesa.ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.

b.

Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.ThemainideaofbothsentencesisthefactthatshedecidedtostudyEnglish.Thisideaisputatthebeginningofthefirstsentenceandattheendofthesecond,thusmakingonealoosesentenceandtheotheraperiodicone.Examplesa.ShedecidedtostuExamplesa.ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.

b.

Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.Besides,thefirstpartofthefirstsentenceiscompleteinstructure;Butthatofthesecondisonlyanadverbialclauseandcannotbecalledasentencewithoutthesecondpart.Examplesa.ShedecidedtostudPeriodicSentenceItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.有一條舉世公認(rèn)的真理:那就是凡有錢的單身漢總想娶位太太.PeriodicSentenceItisatHewasofferedaprofessionalcontractafterwinningtheOlympicgoldmedalforfigureskating,accordingtonewspaperreports.

LooseSentenceAccordingtonewspaperreports,afterwinningtheOlympicgoldmedalforfigureskating,hewasofferedaprofessionalcontract.PeriodicsentenceHewasofferedaprofessionalTherehavebeenmanygreatdiscoveriesmadebyscientistsinthetwentiethcentury.

LoosesentenceScientistsinthetwentiethcenturyhavemademanygreatdiscoveries.

PeriodicsentenceTherehavebeenmanygreatdisIenjoyedtheoperabecausethemusicisbeautiful,becausetheperformersareexcellent.LoosesentenceBecausethemusicisbeautifulandtheperformersareexcellent,Ienjoyedtheopera.PeriodicsentenceIenjoyedtheoperabecausethBalancedsentences(平行句,對偶句）

Whenasentencecontainstwopartsof

thesamestructure

androughly

thesamelength,andwithcontrasted(orsimilar)ideas.Itisabalancedsentence.e.g.1Helikespopmusic;hisgirlfriendhatesit.2Theoldmanisnotlackofmoneybutlackofhappiness.3Onhearingthenews,hewasexcitedandIwasworried.Balancedsentences(平行句,對偶句）e.gGenerally,well-writtencompositionsarenotentirelymadeupoflooseorperiodicorbalancedsentences.Theyshouldbeamixtureofthethreeforthesakeofvariety.Generally,well-writtencomposEffectiveSentencesCorrectnessalonecannotmakeagoodsentence.Ithastobeeffectiveatthesametime.Effectivesentenceshavesomeofthefollowingqualities:unity（一致性）coherence（連貫性）Conciseness（簡潔性）

Emphasis（強(qiáng)調(diào)性）Variety（多樣性）EffectiveSentencesCorrectUnity（統(tǒng)一性）

Aunifiedsentencemeanseverythinginthesentenceshouldcontributetomakingoneclearidea.

Unityreferstotwoqualities:thereisonlyonemainideainasentence,andthatideaiscomplete.Unity（統(tǒng)一性）AunifiedseTheexplorerwhohasjustreturnedfromtheAntarcticisbusywritingreportsonhisadventuresonthatice-coveredcontinent,wherehedidnotseeanyanimalsexceptpenguins.UnityThisisalongsentencewithmanyparts,includingtwoclauses.Ithasonecentralidea(theexploreriswritingreportsonhisadventuresintheAntarctic)andalltheotherideasarerelatedtothiscentralidea.Lookattheexample:Theexplorerwhohasjustr.Bringintoasentenceonlyrelatedthoughtsandputunrelatedthoughtsinanothersentenceorsentences.E.g..BorninSichuanProvince,helaterbecameafamouswriter.

Thisisacorrectbutnotagoodsentence,becausethetwopartsmentionedinitarenotlogicallyconnected:amanborninSichuanisnotcertaintobecomeafamouswriter.Wecansaythissentencelacksunity.Tomakethemeaningclear,wehavetosaysomethingabouthiseducationandworkexperiencethathelptomakehimafamouswriter..Bringintoasentenceonl

DreamoftheRedMansionsisthebest-knownnovel.UnityWhataboutthis?（1）DreamoftheRedMansionsisoneofthebest-knownclassicalChinesenovels.（2）OfalltheChinesenovels

writtenbeforethe20thcenturyDreamoftheRedMansionsisperhapsthemostpopular.

Thisseemstobeacorrectsentence,butitsmeaningisnotcomplete.“thebest-knownnovel”shouldhavebeenmodified.Thetwosentencesthatfollowareclearer:DreamoftheRedMansCompare:1.1)BorninasmalltowninSouthChinaintheearly50s,hegrewuptobeafamousmusician.(faulty)2)HewasborninasmalltowninSouthChinaintheearly50s.Inhischildhoodhelikedtosingsongs.LaterheenteredaconservatoryInthe70shebecameafamousmusician.(revised)2.1)DuFuwasoneofthegreatestpoets.(faulty)2)DuFuwasoneofthegreatestpoetsoftheTangDynasty.(revised)Compare:Unrelated:Iwasnervous,andIcombedmyhairadozentimesandIlookedinthemirroroverandoveragaintomakesuremyfalseeyelasheshadn’tcomeunglued.

Unrelated:

Related:

Iwasnervousbeforemyfirstdate.IcombedmyhairadozentimesandIlookedinthemirroroverandoveragaintomakesuremyfalseeyelasheshadn’tcomeunglued.Related:Unrelated:LastFridayTomsprainedhisankle,andhecouldnotfindhisfavoriteT-shirtanywhere.Related:

ItwasanawfuldaylastFriday.Tomnotonlysprainedhisankle,butalsohecouldnotfindhisfavoriteT-shirtanywhere.Unrelated:ItwasanawfuldayCoherence(連貫性）Coherencemeansclearandcorrectarrangement

ofthepartsofasentence.Asentenceiscoherentwhenthewordsareproperlyconnectedandtheirrelationshipisclear.Acoherencesentenceiseasytounderstand,becausetheconnectionbetweenitswordsconformstogrammarrulesandusage.Coherence(連貫性）a.Donotseparatewordsthatarecloselyrelatedunlessitisnecessary;b.Donotuseapronounwithambiguousreference;c.Donotuseadanglingmodifier

orputamodifierfarfromtheworditmodifiers;CoherenceHereareafewruleswhichmayhelptopreventincoherence:a.Donotseparatewordsthatd.Donotmakeunnecessaryorconfusingshiftsinpersonornumber;e.Donotmakeunnecessarychangesinthevoice,tenseormoodofverbs;f.Donotusedifferentformstoexpressparallelideas.d.Donotmakeunnecessaryor1.EveryoneisstudyingEnglishinthisschool.

（1）ThissentencemayimplythattheschoolmentionedistheonlyplacewherepeoplecanstudyEnglish.

（2）PerhapsthespeakermeansthateveryoneinthisschoolisstudyingEnglish.

Thephrase“inthisschool”shouldhavebeenplacedimmediatelyafterthesubject.Itspositiondeterminesitsfunction.1.EveryoneisstudyingEnglis2.Mrs.Greensaidtohersisterthatshehaddonetherightthing.Revised:1)Mrs.Greensaidtohersister,“youhavedonetherightthing.”2)Mrs.Greensaidtohersister,“Ihavedonetherightthing.”3)Mrs.Greenthoughtthathersisterhaddonetherightthingandsaidsotoher.4)Mrs.Greensaidtohersisterthatherselfhaddonetherightthing.2.Mrs.Greensaidtohersist3.

Lookingoutofthewindow,onlydullgreybuildingscanbeseen.Revised:Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanonlyseethedullgreybuildings.大學(xué)英語寫作課件6-Effective-sent

AfterstudyingLessonTen,themid-termtestwasgiventous.Revised:AfterstudyingLessonTen,wehadthemid-termtest.AfterstudyingLessonTen,

Ifamodifierisplacedinanawkwardposition—farawayfromwhatitmodifies,itiscalledamisplacedmodifier.CoherenceWhatisamisplacedmodifier?Amodifiermustbeplacedasclosetotheworditmodifiesaspossiblesothatthereisnomisunderstandingaboutwhatitmodifies.Ifamodifierisplacedin

1).Thatcatbelongstomyneighborwithfivekittens.

(Obviously,withfivekittensmodifiescat,notmyneighbor.itshouldbeplacedbetweencatandbelong.MisplacedModifiers

2).Theboythrewrockatthehorseintheraincoat.

(Intheraincoatdescribestheboy,notthehorse.)

1).Thatcatbelongstomyn3).Thefunnycartoonattractsthereader’seyeonthecoverofthemagazine.

Thefunnycartoononthecoverofthemagazineattractsthereader’seye.4).Thedoctorpromisedonherwaytoherhospitaltocomeandseeme.

Thedoctorpromisedtocomeandseemeonherwaytoherhospital.3).Thefunnycartoonattracts4.Donotmakeconfusingshiftsinpersonandnumber.1)Thosewhowanttojoininthechorusshouldsignyournameonthissheetofpaper.

Thosewhowanttojoininthechorusshouldsigntheirnameonthissheetofpaper.2)Helooksupdifficultwordsinhisdictionaries,anditisveryhelpful.

Helooksupdifficultwordsinhisdictionaries,andtheyareveryhelpful.4.Donotmakeconfusingshift5.Donotmakeunnecessarychangeintense,voiceandmood.1)Theexplosiondestroyedthebuildingandanumberofpeoplewereinjured.Theexplosiondestroyedthebuildingandinjuredanumberofpeople.

Intheexplosionthebuildingwasdestroyedandanumberofpeopleinjured.5.Donotmakeunnecessarycha2)Alotofhigherhouseswerebuiltaroundhersinthepastfewyearsandshegetsnomoresunlight.

Alotofhigherbuildingshavebeenbuiltaroundhersinrecentyearsandasaresultshegetsnomoresunlight.

Alotofhigherbuildingwerebuiltaroundhersandasaresultshegotnomoresunlight.2)AlotofhigherhouseswereParallelism['p?r?lel?z?m]

(對稱結(jié)構(gòu)）

Parallelideashadbetterbeexpressedinparallelconstruction.

Faulty:Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaidbutalsobyhisdeeds.Revised:

Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaidbutalsobywhathedid.Parallelism['p?r?lel?z?m]

Faulty:Wethoughtshewascharming,intelligent,andaverycapableyoungwoman.Revised:Wethoughtshewasacharming,intelligent,andcapableyoungwoman.Faulty:WethoughtshewaschaFaulty:Thiscompositionisquitegoodasfarastheuseoflanguageisconcerned,butitscontentispoor.Revised:

Thiscompositionisgoodinlanguagebutpoorincontent.

Thelanguageofthiscompositionisquitegoodbutitscontentisratherpoor.Faulty:Thiscompositionisqu1)Shetoldmysisterthatshewaswrong.2)Hewasknockeddownbyabike,butitwasnotserious.3)Ireadaninterestingstoryinamagazineaboutsportsmen.Revisethefollowingsentencestomakethemcoherent.2)Hewasknockeddownbyabike,butwasnotseriouslyhurt.3)Ireadinamagazine

aninterestingstoryaboutsportsmen./InamagazineIreadaninterestingstoryaboutsportsmen1)Shesaidtomysister,“Youarewrong.”Shesaidtomysister,“Iamwrong.”Shetoldmysisterthatsheherselfwaswrong.Shethoughtmysisterwaswrongandsaidsotoher.1)Shetoldmysisterthatshe3.ConcisenessConciseness:

Asentenceshouldnotcontainunnecessarywords.Iftheideaisfullyexpressed,thefewerwords,thebetter.3.ConcisenessConciseness:Aa.Useapronouninsteadofrepeatinganoun;b.Useawordinsteadofaphrasewiththesamemeaning,anduseaphraseinsteadofaclausewiththesamemeaning;ConcisenessWaystoachieveconcisenessConcisenessWaystoachieveconc.

Donotrepeatwordsorphrases,ifpossible,inasentenceorinonethatfollows;d.

Donotusedifferentwordsorphraseswithsimilarmeaningsinthesamesentence;e.

Donotrepeatthesameideaindifferentsentencesexceptforemphasis.c.DonotrepeatwordsorphrThefollowingsentenceiswordyandcanbesimplified:

InthemonthofMaypeopleofdifferentprofessionsfromallcirclesinthiscitywillholdmeetingstoelectrepresentatives,andtheserepresentativeswillgotoBeijing,thecapital,inOctobertoattendanationalcongressofmodelworkersfromthewholecountry.Asimplerversionwouldbe:

InMaypeopleofdifferentprofessionsinthiscitywillelectrepresentatives,whowillattendanationalcongressofmodelworkersinBeijinginOctober.ConcisenessThefollowingsentenceiswordHereisanotherexample:Therearetreesonallsidesofthehouse,andthetreeshidethehouse.Peoplecanhardlyseethehousefromtheoutside.Asimplerversionwouldbe:Surroundedbytrees,thehousecanhardlybeseenfromtheoutside;orThehouse,hiddenbehindtrees,canhardlybeseenfromtheoutside.ConcisenessHereisanotherexample:Concis

Compare:

Myfatheris65yearsold,andheisaprofessorinHunanUniversity.Hehasahealthybodyofhisage.

Myfather,aprofessorof65yearsoldinHunanUniversity,enjoysthebestof

health.

（用同位語改寫）Compare:Wordy:

Isawagirlwhoisverybeautiful.Inmyopinion,Ibelieveyourplanisfeasible.Themachinewasjointlydesignedbytheoldengineerandwiththehelpofsomeofhisyoungercolleagues.Wordy:Itwasblueincolor.Itwassmallinsize.Maryisaquietandcarefulwoman.Thechairmanoftheboardwillgiveuphisjobnextyearbecauseofoldage.Itwasblueincolor.

Revisethefollowingsentencetomakethemmoreconcise:1)MyfatherhasreturnedbackfromBeijing.

2)Mr.SmithlikestodrinkallkindsofwinethatareproducedinFrance.3)ThelanguagelabisopentostudentsnotonlyfromEnglishDepartmentbutalsofromotherdepartmentoftheuniversity.1)MyfatherhasreturnedfromBeijing./MyfatherhascomebackfromBeijing.2)Mr.SmithpreferswinesproducedinFrance./Mr.SmithprefersFrenchwines.3)Thelanguagelabisopentoallthestudentsintheuniversity.RevisethefollowingsentenEmphasis

Ifyouneedtoshowoneideaismoreimportantthantheother,theexpressionofthemshouldchangeinemphasis.EmphasisIfyouneedtosho1.PlacingGainemphasisbyplacingimportantwordsatthebeginningofthesentenceorattheendofthesentence.1.PlacingGainemphasisbyWeak:1)Therewasapolicemanwhotoldmynewbabysitterthewayhome.Emphatic:.ThepolicemantoldmynewbabysitterthewayhomeWeak:1)Therewasapoliceman

weak:2)OnlyQianWencouldhavewrittensuchaniceessay,thoughtherearefiftystudentsintheclass.

Emphasis:Ofthefiftystudentsintheclass,noonecouldhavewrittensuchaniceessaybutQianWen.weak:2)OnlyQianWencould2.ClimacticSequence(升序法，漸進(jìn)法）

Inenumeratingthingsorideas,weshouldstartfromtheleastimportantandendwiththemostimportant,orintheclimacticsequence.E.g.1.Abiologistoncesaidtheantisasymbolofwisdom,industry,andefficiency.Revised:Abiologistoncesaidtheantisasymbolofindustry,efficiencyandwisdom.2.ClimacticSequence(升序法，漸進(jìn)法）2.Thistouristgroup,visitedtheGreatWall,theSummerPalace,thePalaceMuseum,andthezoowhiletheywereinBeijing.Revised:Thistouristgroup,whileinBeijing,visitedtheZoo,theSummerPalace,thePalaceMuseum,andtheGreatWall.2.Thistouristgroup,visited3.Hesaidhehadlostinterestinlife,fame,position,andmoneyafterthattragedy.Revised:Hesaidafterthattragedyhehadlostinterestinmoney,position,fameandevenlife.3.Hesaidhehadlostinteres3.TheUseofVerbsintheActiveVoice

Verbsaregenerallymoreemphaticthannounsoranyotherpartofspeech.1.A.Shemadeadecisionthatshewouldnottakethejob.B.Shedecidednottotakethejob.3.TheUseofVerbsintheAct2.Theactivevoiceismorenaturalandemphaticthanthepassive.A.Televisionwaswatchedbythewholefamilyintheevenings.B.Thewholefamilywatchedtelevisionintheevenings.2.TheactivevoiceismorenaButwhenthereceiverofanactionismoreimportantthanthedoer,thepassivevoiceispreferable:Alltheoldbuildingsinthisblockhavebeenpulleddownandnewhouseswillbebuiltnextyear.Butwhenthereceiverofanac4.SubordinationSubordinatingapartofsentenceisawayofgivingemphasistothemainideainthesentence.E.g.1.TheschoollibrarycontainsalargenumberofEnglishbooks.2.

Fourth-yearstudentsoftenworkintheschoollibrary,wheretherearealargenumberofEnglishbooks.4.SubordinationSubordina5.RepetitionGainemphasisbyrepeatingimportantwords1.HerspokenEnglishisgood;herwrittenEnglishisalsogood.2.Twodaysagohegavereasonsforsupportingtheplan,andnowheisgivingreasonsforopposingit.Healwayshasreasons.5.RepetitionGainemphasisbyTobed,tobed;there’saknockingatthegate.Come,come,come,come,givemeyourhand.What’sdonecannotbeundone.Tobed,tobed,tobed.事已定局，無可挽回。

----Macbeth,byShakespeare大學(xué)英語寫作課件6-Effective-sent6.ShortSentences

Shortsentencesareoftenemphatic,especiallyafterlongones.1.Thespeakeraskedtheaudiencewhattheythoughtwerethemainproblemsthecitygovernmentwasfacing,andhowtheseproblemsshouldorcouldbesolved,andtheeagerlywaitedforanswers.Noanswercame.6.ShortSentencesShortsente2.Theplotisconfusing,thecharactersareveryqueerpeople,andthedialogueishardtounderstand.Astrangefilm.Thetwoshortsentencesintheaboveexamplesgainemphasisbecausetheyareshortandbecausethereisanabruptchangeinsentencelength.2.Theplotisconfusing,theAseriesofshortsentencesusedtogetherexpressrapidmovementsortension,andtheyareemphatic,too.

Hewettedhisclothes.Withawettoweloverhishead,hedashedintotheburninghouse.Thesmokechokedhim.Heranintoaroomonthesecondfloor.Themostimportantpaperswerethere.Hegraspedthemandjumpedoutofawindow.Aseriesofshortsentenc7.Balancedsentences

(平行句，對偶句）Whenasentencecontainstwopartsof

thesamestructure

androughly

thesamelength,andwithcontrasted(orsimilar)ideas.Itisabalancedsentence.

Thegentlemanvaluesharmony,notuniformity[’ju:n?‘f?:m?t?]

;thesmallmanvaluesuniformity,notharmony.(Confucius)

君子和而不同，小人同而不和7.Balancedsentences

(平行句，對偶句8.Negative-positivestatements1)Henolongerwantsmoney;hewantsfame.2)Thepoordesignofthebuildingshowsthatheisnotanarchitect–heisonlyabuilder.3)Heisnotanordinaryscholarinthisfield;heisanauthority.8.Negative-positivestatement9.RhetoricalQuestions（反問，設(shè)問）Didn’tItellyounottocomelate?What’stheuseoffeelingsorryaboutthemistake?Correctit.Isn’titbeautifulweather?9.RhetoricalQuestions（反問，設(shè)問）VarietyAgoodwritershouldavoidmonotonyinwriting.Youmayusevarioussentencepatterns,lengthsandstructurestomakeyourwritingmorepleasingandeffective.VarietyAgoodwritershouldavVarythelengthofthesentenceChoppy:

Mikewroteaquicknote.ItwastoNora.Sheishisformersecretary.Effective:

MikewroteaquicknotetoNora,hisformersecretary.VarythelengthofthesentencChoppy:Mr.Smithwokeupat7:00.Hisalarmclockrang.Hedressedquickly.Hehadtodrivetotheairporttomeetanimportantclientat8:00.Effective:AfterMr.Smithwokeupat7:00byhisalarmclock,hebegantodressquicklybecausehehadtodrivetotheairporttomeetanimportantclientat8:00.Choppy:Choppy:

MywifeandIarecandidates.WebothplantoimmigratetoCanada.WeneedtopasstheIELTS（InternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem，簡稱IELTS，中文名為國際英語語言測試系統(tǒng)）

,andthenwewillgotoCanadathisautumn.Effective:MywifeandIarecandidateswhowanttoimmigratetoCanada,planningtogotherethisautumnafterourpassingtheIELTS..Choppy:Varietyofsentencepatterns

BeginningofsentenceswithAdjectivesPrepositionalphraseAdverbAdverbialclauseInfinitivephraseAppositiveNounclauseVarietyofsentencepatterns

BBeginwithanadjectives.Heiscoldandhungryandhecanhardlygotosleep.Coldandhungry,hecanhardlygotosleep.Beginwithanadjectives.ColdBeginwithanadverboranadverbialclause

1.Gently,hemixedthechemicalstogether.

2.Eventhoughbaseballisessentiallythesame,thestrategyofplaythenandnowisdifferent.BeginwithanadverboranadvBeginwithaprepositionalphraseoraparticipialphrase.1.Inspiteofherhardwork,shefailedthecourse.2.Fromthebeginning,Idislikedmyboss.3.Tiredofstudying,Itookashortbreak.4.Troubledbyadream,Timwokeupwithastart.BeginwithaprepositionalphrBeginwithaninfinitiveoraninfinitivephraseTosucceedinthatcourse,youmustattendeveryclass.Tohelpmesleepbetter,Ilearnedtoquietmymindthroughmeditation[‘med?’te???n](沉思，冥想）.Togetgoodseats,wewenttothegameearly.BeginwithaninfinitiveoranBeginwithanappositive（同位語）oranabsoluteconstruction(獨(dú)立主格）Acityofancientorigins,Xi’an,usedtobethecapitalofelevendynasties.2.Theladywithabaginhand,walkedfasttothepoliceman.

Beginwithanappositive（同位語）oLet’sHaveaQuiz!Rewritethefollowingsentencesandstatethereasons.Let’sHaveaQuiz!1Withthepurposeofgivingyouageneralideaofourproduct,wedecidetoencloseacompletesetofleaflets.Youcanseeit.2Shypeoplearelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers;theyhavelow-esteemofthemselves.3Mr.SmithusuallylikestodrinkallkindsofwinesthatareproducedinFrance.4Thecolorofthedressisbeautifulandithasafashionablestyle.5Hehadwonseveralprizesinthecompetition,andwedon’tlikethewayhetreatedotherpeople.1Withthepurposeofgivingy1

Withthepurposeofgivingyouageneralideaofourproduct,wedecidetoencloseacompletesetofleaflets.Youcanseeit.(Togiveyouageneralideaofourproducts,weencloseacompletesetofleaflets)（conciseness）1Withthepurposeofgiving2Shypeoplearelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers;theyhavelow-esteemofthemselves.(Shypeople,havinglow-esteemofthemselves,arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers)(toachievegreateremphasisoncertainparts)3

Mr.SmithusuallylikestodrinkallkindsofwinesthatareproducedinFrance.(Mr.SmithusuallyprefersFrenchwines.)(concise)2Shypeoplearelikelytob4Thecolorofthedressisbeautifulandithasafashionablestyle.(Thecolorofthedressisbeautifulandthestyleisfashionable.)5

Hehadwonseveralprizesinthecompetition,andwedon’tlikethewayhetreatedotherpeople.(Althoughhehadwonseveralprizesinthecompetition,wedon’tlikethewayhetreatedotherpeople.)(toachieveunity)4ThecolorofthedressisbeTheSentenceEffectiveSentencesTheSentenceEffectiveSentenceAccordingtotheusagesofthesentences:1)Declarativesentences2)Interrogativesentences3)Imperativesentences4)ExclamatorysentencesAccordingtotheusagesoftheAccordingtothestructuresofthesentences:1)simplesentences2)Compoundsentences3)ComplexsentencesAccordingtothestructuresofTypesofsentences

AccordingtoRhetoric[‘ret?rik]

（修辭學(xué)）Loose,

PeriodicandBalancedsentencesTypesofsentences

AccordingtLooseSentences

松散句或散體句Aloosesentenceputsthemainideabeforeallsupplementaryinformation;Inotherwords,itputsfirstthingsfirst,Andletsthereaderknowwhatitismainlyaboutwhenhehasreadthefirstfewwords.LooseSentences

松散句或散體句AlooseEx:IamwillingtopayslightlyhighertaxesfortheprivilegeoflivinginCanada,consideringthefreehealthcare,thecheaptuitionfees,thelowcrimerate,thecomprehensivesocialprograms,andthewonderfulwinters.

ThemainpointofthissentenceisthatthewriterpreferstoliveinCanada,andthewritermakesthepointattheverybeginning:everythingwhichfollowsissimplyextrainformation.

Ex:Loosesentences

Loosesentenceistheonewhich