醫(yī)學英語綜合教程Unit1Anatomy課件

MedicalEnglish—AnIntegratedCourseMedicalEnglish—AnIntegratedUnit1AnatomyUnit1AnatomyUnit1Anatomy

Brain-storming1WordsandText2TranslationinMedicalLiterature(timepermitted)3Assignment:After-classListening,ReadingandWriting5OralPresentation4Unit1AnatomyBrain-storming1Brainstorming1.Whatisanatomy?Anatomyisthestudyofthestructureofanimalsandtheirparts,andisalsoreferredtoaszootomy(動物解剖學)toseparateitfromhumananatomy.Brainstorming1.WhatisanatomBrainstorming2.Subdivisionsofanatomy?1).Grossanatomy大體解剖學a.surfaceanatomy表面解剖學b.regionalanatomy局部解剖學c.systemicanatomy系統(tǒng)解剖學2).Microscopicanatomy顯微解剖學a.cytology細胞學b.histology組織學3).Otheranatomya.developmentalanatomy發(fā)育解剖學embryology胚胎學parativeanatomy比較解剖學c.clinicalanatomyBrainstorming2.SubdivisionsoIV.WordFormationLead-in詞根（root）&詞綴（affix）International詞根是英語語言中不能再分的最小單位,能代表一個完整的意思并獨立存在,稱為root.例如:nation,art,face,view等等詞綴是指加在詞根之前或之后的一個最小語素,它也有一定意義,但是不能獨立存在,必須依附于詞根.可分為前綴(加在詞根之前)和后綴(加在詞根之后).一般前綴改變詞義,后綴改變詞性.IV.WordFormationLead-inIV.WordFormationMoreexamples:前綴否定：dis-,in-,im-,il-,ir-,un-,non-,mis-,de-,counter-,anti-“前”：pre-preview,preface,pre-existing“后”：post-post-war,post-graduate后綴-able形容詞后綴：reliable,understandable-ics名詞后綴表學科：economics,physics,acoustics-en動詞后綴：sharpen,awaken,brighten,broadenIV.WordFormationMoreexampleIV.WordFormationRen-[拉]Renalhypertension腎性高血壓Renalinsufficiency腎機能不全Renaldiabetes腎性糖尿病Renalfailure腎衰竭Renallobe腎葉Nephr(o)-[希]Nephroscope腎鏡Nephroscopy

腎鏡檢查Nephrotomy[ne'fr?t?m?]腎切開術Nephrolith['n?fr?l?θ]腎結石IV.WordFormationRen-[拉]NephIV.WordFormationCardi-[希]Cardioaortic主心動脈的Cardiopulmonary心肺的Cardiovascular心血管的Cardiogram心電圖Pulm-[拉]Pulmoaortic肺與主動脈的-ology……學問，科學Biology生物學Geology地質學Mycology真菌學IV.WordFormationCardi-[希]PuIV.WordFormation-tomy[希]

后綴切開術Nephrolithotomy

[,nefr?uli'θ?t?mi]腎結石切除術Arteriotomy[ɑ:,ti?ri'?t?mi]動脈切開術Ventriculostomy[ven,trikju'l?st?mi]腦室切開術IV.WordFormation-tomy[希]后綴Gercostaladj.7.arteriolen.8.bronchialadj.9.hilumn.10.alveolaradj.11.capillaryn.12.shuntv./n.13.ventriclen.A.血管的，脈管的B.小氣泡C.肋間的D.心房E.外周，外圍F.（使）分流G.（腦、心）室H.主動脈I.毛細血管J.支氣管的K.心最小靜脈L.門M.小動脈Glossary1.aortan.A.血管的，脈管的Glossary1.cortexn.2.apexn.3.papillan.4.vertebran.5.medullan.6.thoracicadj.7.coronaladj.8.calyxn.9.corticomedullaryjunctionA.胸的，胸廓的B.脊椎骨，椎骨C.盞D.乳突E.皮髓質結合F.頂尖G.皮質H.髓質I.冠狀的Glossary1.cortexn.A.胸的，胸廓Glossary1.parenchyman.2.afferent

adj.3.efferentadj.4.renaladj.5.renalpelvis6.nephronn.7.glomerularadj.8.uretern.9.arcuateartery10.glomerulusn.A.腎的B.傳出的C.腎盂D.傳入的E.輸尿管F.腎小球的G.腎單位H.（腎）小球I.實質J.弓狀動脈Glossary1.parenchyman.A.腎的I.TextPleaseskimthefirstpartofthetextandthenanswerthefirst3questions.I.TextPleaseskimthefirstpI.Text1.Wheredothelungsgettheirbloodsupply?Answer：Thelungreceivesitsbloodsupplyfromtwovascularsystems—thebronchialandpulmonarycirculations.I.Text1.WheredothelungsgI.Text2.Doesthenutritivebloodflowtothealveolarstructures?Answer：No.Itflowstoallbutthealveolarstructures.I.Text2.DoesthenutritivebI.Text3.Whatis/areresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung?Answer：Smallmusculararteriesareresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung.I.Text3.Whatis/areresponsTextAnalysis:Part1Thenutritivebloodflowtoallbut(except)thealveolarstructurescomesfromthebronchialcirculation,whichoriginatesfromtheaortaandupperintercostalarteriesandreceivesabout1percentofthecardiacoutput.1.flow的詞性？2.which指代的是誰？3.句子主干？4.嘗試翻譯。名詞ThebronchialcirculationThenutritivebloodflowcomesfromthebronchialcirculation.先譯主干，再進行補充TextAnalysis:Part1ThenutriTextAnalysis:Part1Thenutritivebloodflowtoallbut(except)thealveolarstructurescomesfromthebronchialcirculation,whichoriginatesfromtheaortaandupperintercostalarteriesandreceivesabout1percentofthecardiacoutput.參考譯文：肺的營養(yǎng)血液來自于支氣管循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，流向肺部除肺泡外的所有組織，支氣管循環(huán)系統(tǒng)始于主動脈及上肋間動脈，接受大約1%的心輸出量。TextAnalysis:Part1ThenutriTextAnalysis:Part1draininto流入，排入，注入e.g.Today’sslaverwilldrainintotomorrow’stear.今日垂涎，明日流淚。e.g.The

rivers

drain

into

the

Balkhash

lake,which

sustains

the

livelihood

of

more

thantwo

million

Kazakhs.

這些河流匯入巴爾喀什湖，維系著兩百多萬哈薩克人的生活。TextAnalysis:Part1drainintTextAnalysis:Part1Theremainder(ofwhat?)drainsintothepulmonaryveinsand,alongwiththecontributionfromthethebesianveinsintheheart,representsacomponentofthe1to2percentright-to-leftshuntfoundinnormalsubjects.參考譯文：剩余的（2/3）輸出流入肺靜脈，并在心臟最小靜脈的作用下，在正常情況下，以1%-2%的量自右向左分流。TextAnalysis:Part1TheremaiTextAnalysis:Part1Thearteriesdowntothelevelofthesubsegmentalairways(2-mmdiameter)arethin-walled,predominantlyelasticvessels.1.downto表示的位置關系？2.句子主干？3.嘗試翻譯參考譯文：肺段支氣管（直徑2mm）以上的肺動脈血管壁薄，（主要是）且富彈性。TextAnalysis:Part1ThearterTextAnalysis:Part1Beyond

this,thearteriesbecomemuscularizeduntiltheyreachdiametersof30μm,atwhichpointthemuscularcoatdisappears.1.this指代什么？2.beyond如何與上文銜接？參考譯文：由此下行，動脈成肌肉化發(fā)展，逐漸縮窄至僅30微米，（此時）肌肉層消失。TextAnalysis:Part1BeyondthTextAnalysis:Part1Mostofthearterialpressuredrop

takesplaceinthesesmallmusculararteries,whichareresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung.參考譯文：大部分動脈壓降產(chǎn)生在這些肌肉化的小動脈中，他們起著調節(jié)肺部血流分布的作用。TextAnalysis:Part1MostoftTextAnalysis:Part1Thepulmonaryarteriolesemptyintoanextensivecapillarynetworkanddrainintothin-walledpulmonaryveins,whicheventuallyjoinwiththearteriesandbronchiatthehilumandexitthelungtoentertheleftatrium.1.empty的詞性？動詞。排空；注入此句中，emptywhatinto……？2.which指代什么？參考譯文：肺小動脈將血液排入廣泛分布的毛細血管網(wǎng)，流入肺靜脈。肺靜脈的壁很薄，他們最終在肺門處與動脈和支氣管匯合/并行，出肺進入左心房。TextAnalysis:Part1Thepulmo語法特點：非限制性關系分句關系分句是由關系詞引導的關系結構，這種分句結構又稱為“定語從句”。這種分句的主要功能是作名詞修飾語（即“定語”）。關系分句就其與先行項的語義關系分為限制性關系分句（Restrictive

Relative

Clause）和非限制性關系分句（Non-restrictive

Relative

Clause）。語法特點：非限制性關系分句關系分句是由關系詞引導的關系結構，語法特點：非限制性關系分句限制性關系分句和非限制性關系分句的區(qū)別：1.形式不同限定性定語從句主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，口語中使用時也不停頓；而非限定性定語從句與主句之間通常有逗號隔開，口語中使用時有停頓。2.功能不同限定性定語從句用于對先行詞的意義進行修飾、限制和識別，如果去掉，就會造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定語從句用于對先行詞起補充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：

Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。(若把從句去掉句子就失去意義)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。(若把從句去句子意義仍然完整)語法特點：非限制性關系分句限制性關系分句和非限制性關系分句的語法特點：非限制性關系分句限制性關系分句和非限制性關系分句的區(qū)別：3.翻譯不同在翻譯定語從句時，一般把限定性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，而把非限定性定語從句與主句分開。如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽車被竊的那個人。I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀請了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。4.含義不同比較下面的兩個句子：Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.我有一個醫(yī)生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一個)Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一個姐姐，她是當醫(yī)生的。(只有一個姐姐)語法特點：非限制性關系分句限制性關系分句和非限制性關系分句的語法特點：非限制性關系分句Translation:1.就是這本書，也可以說是小冊子，推薦每位內科醫(yī)生閱讀。Thisisthebook,orpamphlet,whichhasbeenrecommendedtoeveryphysician.2.血流可因更快(morerapid)和更有力(morevigorous)的心臟活動(heartaction)而增加，這就使熱量加速(accelerate)轉移(movementof…to…)到皮膚。Thebloodflowmaybeincreasedbymorerapidandvigorousheartaction,whichacceleratesthemovementofheattotheskin.語法特點：非限制性關系分句Translation:TextAnalysis:Part2Pleasereadthesecondpartofthetextfromthebeginningtotheendandthenanswerthelasttwoquestions.TextAnalysis:Part2PleasereTextAnalysis:Part24.Wheredoafferentarteriolescomefrom?Answer:Afferentarteriolescomefromterminalinterlobulararteries.TextAnalysis:Part24.WhereTextAnalysis:Part25.Whatdotheinterlobulararteriesprovideatthecorticomedullaryjunction?Answer:Thesesmallerarteriesprovideperpendicularbranches,thearcuatearteries,atthecorticomedullaryjunction.TextAnalysis:Part25.Whatd醫(yī)學英語綜合教程Unit1Anatomy課件TextAnalysis:Part2如何用英文表達“構成”：1.整體

+Comprise/

consist

of

/

be

composed

of

/

be

made

up

of+部分e.g.The

committee

comprises/

consists

of

two

lawyers,

two

journalists

and

a

teacher.委員會由兩名律師、兩名記者和一名教師組成。2.部分

+constitute

/

compose/

make

up

+整體

e.g.Two

lawyers,

two

journalists

and

a

head

teacher

constitute

/

compose

the

committee.兩名律師、兩名記者和一名校長組成該委員會。

TextAnalysis:Part2如何用英文表達“構TextAnalysis:Part2現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語表結果：thesecalycescollectivelycommunicatewithmajorcalyces,formingtherenalpelvis.e.g.There

is

mud

and

water

everywhere,

making

it

difficult

to

travel

from

place

to

place.

現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語表示一種必然性（自然結果）。（making

可以改為

which

makes，相當于一個前因后果的非限制性定語從句。）e.g.他每天回來得很晚，這使他的妻子很生氣。Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,makinghiswifeveryangry.TextAnalysis:Part2現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語TextAnalysis:Part2練習：現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語表結果：e.g.她把玩具丟在地上，碎成很多片。Shethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.e.g.她的丈夫十年前去世了，丟下三個孩子需要她照顧。Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,leavingthreechildrenforhertolookafter.TextAnalysis:Part2練習：現(xiàn)在分詞短語TextAnalysis:Part2Bloodisdeliveredtoeachkidneyfromamainrenalarterybranchingfromtheaorta.1.branching用來修飾什么？2.如何翻譯？TextAnalysis:Part2BloodisTextAnalysis:Part2Bloodisdeliveredtoeachkidneyfromamainrenalarterybranchingfromtheaorta.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞，相當于一個定語從句Do

you

know

the

boy

standing

at

the

door?→Doyouknowtheboywhoisstandingatthedoor?Theylivedinahousefacingthesouth.→Theylivedinahousethatfacedthesouth.TextAnalysis:Part2BloodisTextAnalysis:Part2Bloodisdeliveredtoeachkidneyfromamainrenalarterybranchingfromtheaorta.branching=whichbranches參考譯文：由主動脈分支出來的腎總動脈為兩腎輸送血液。TextAnalysis:Part2BloodisTextAnalysis:Part2Themainarteryusuallydividesintotwomainsegmentalbranches,whicharefurthersubdividedintolobararteriessupplyingtheupper,middle,andlowerregionsofthekidney.參考譯文：腎總動脈通常分為兩個主側支，這兩個側支又進一步分為葉動脈，為腎臟上、中、下區(qū)域供應血液。TextAnalysis:Part2ThemainTextAnalysis:Part2Theglomerularcapillariesreceivebloodthroughafferentarteriolesthatoriginatefromtheseterminalinterlobulararteries.分析：Theglomerularcapillaries(A)receivebloodthroughafferentarterioles(B)thatoriginatefromtheseterminalinterlobulararteries(C).主干：A通過B接收血液，B來源于C→源自C的B為A輸送血液參考譯文：這些末端葉間動脈伸展出的小動脈為腎小球毛細血管輸送血液。TextAnalysis:Part2TheglomeTextAnalysis:Part2Thenephroniscomposedoftwomajorcomponents:afilteringelementcomposedofanenclosedcapillarynetwork(theglomerulus)andanattachedtubule.Thetubulecontainsseveraldistinctanatomicandfunctionalsegments.TextAnalysis:Part2ThenephrTextAnalysis:Part2Thenephroniscomposedoftwomajorcomponents:afilteringelementcomposedofanenclosedcapillarynetwork(theglomerulus)andanattachedtubule.Thetubulecontainsseveraldistinctanatomicandfunctionalsegments.TextAnalysis:Part2ThenephrTextAnalysis:Part2Thenephroniscomposedoftwomajorcomponents:afilteringelementcomposedofanenclosedcapillarynetwork(theglomerulus)andanattachedtubule.Thetubulecontainsseveraldistinctanatomicandfunctionalsegments.參考譯文：“腎單位”包含兩大部分：過濾部分—緊包著毛細血管網(wǎng)（腎小球）和一個附著在上面的小管。這個小管包含幾個獨特的解剖和功能劃分。TextAnalysis:Part2Thenephr本文的語篇行文特點1.廣泛使用定語從句，5個which引導的非限制性定語從句，2個that引導的限制性定語從句。詳盡、嚴謹?shù)貙τ诟拍罨~進行解釋說明。wherearethey?2.現(xiàn)在分詞短語的使用。作后置定語；作狀語表結果。wherearethey?3.第一部分主要使用主動語態(tài)（activevoice）,對客觀存在的真理式內容進行描述。第二部分頻繁使用被動語態(tài)。描述客觀，避免主觀武斷，突出文章的科學性和客觀性。wherearethey?4.全文使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（simplepresenttense）。用于客觀事實的描述。本文的語篇行文特點1.廣泛使用定語從句，5個which引導MedicalEnglish—AnIntegratedCourseMedicalEnglish—AnIntegratedUnit1AnatomyUnit1AnatomyUnit1Anatomy

Brain-storming1WordsandText2TranslationinMedicalLiterature(timepermitted)3Assignment:After-classListening,ReadingandWriting5OralPresentation4Unit1AnatomyBrain-storming1Brainstorming1.Whatisanatomy?Anatomyisthestudyofthestructureofanimalsandtheirparts,andisalsoreferredtoaszootomy(動物解剖學)toseparateitfromhumananatomy.Brainstorming1.WhatisanatomBrainstorming2.Subdivisionsofanatomy?1).Grossanatomy大體解剖學a.surfaceanatomy表面解剖學b.regionalanatomy局部解剖學c.systemicanatomy系統(tǒng)解剖學2).Microscopicanatomy顯微解剖學a.cytology細胞學b.histology組織學3).Otheranatomya.developmentalanatomy發(fā)育解剖學embryology胚胎學parativeanatomy比較解剖學c.clinicalanatomyBrainstorming2.SubdivisionsoIV.WordFormationLead-in詞根（root）&詞綴（affix）International詞根是英語語言中不能再分的最小單位,能代表一個完整的意思并獨立存在,稱為root.例如:nation,art,face,view等等詞綴是指加在詞根之前或之后的一個最小語素,它也有一定意義,但是不能獨立存在,必須依附于詞根.可分為前綴(加在詞根之前)和后綴(加在詞根之后).一般前綴改變詞義,后綴改變詞性.IV.WordFormationLead-inIV.WordFormationMoreexamples:前綴否定：dis-,in-,im-,il-,ir-,un-,non-,mis-,de-,counter-,anti-“前”：pre-preview,preface,pre-existing“后”：post-post-war,post-graduate后綴-able形容詞后綴：reliable,understandable-ics名詞后綴表學科：economics,physics,acoustics-en動詞后綴：sharpen,awaken,brighten,broadenIV.WordFormationMoreexampleIV.WordFormationRen-[拉]Renalhypertension腎性高血壓Renalinsufficiency腎機能不全Renaldiabetes腎性糖尿病Renalfailure腎衰竭Renallobe腎葉Nephr(o)-[希]Nephroscope腎鏡Nephroscopy

腎鏡檢查Nephrotomy[ne'fr?t?m?]腎切開術Nephrolith['n?fr?l?θ]腎結石IV.WordFormationRen-[拉]NephIV.WordFormationCardi-[希]Cardioaortic主心動脈的Cardiopulmonary心肺的Cardiovascular心血管的Cardiogram心電圖Pulm-[拉]Pulmoaortic肺與主動脈的-ology……學問，科學Biology生物學Geology地質學Mycology真菌學IV.WordFormationCardi-[希]PuIV.WordFormation-tomy[希]

后綴切開術Nephrolithotomy

[,nefr?uli'θ?t?mi]腎結石切除術Arteriotomy[ɑ:,ti?ri'?t?mi]動脈切開術Ventriculostomy[ven,trikju'l?st?mi]腦室切開術IV.WordFormation-tomy[希]后綴Gercostaladj.7.arteriolen.8.bronchialadj.9.hilumn.10.alveolaradj.11.capillaryn.12.shuntv./n.13.ventriclen.A.血管的，脈管的B.小氣泡C.肋間的D.心房E.外周，外圍F.（使）分流G.（腦、心）室H.主動脈I.毛細血管J.支氣管的K.心最小靜脈L.門M.小動脈Glossary1.aortan.A.血管的，脈管的Glossary1.cortexn.2.apexn.3.papillan.4.vertebran.5.medullan.6.thoracicadj.7.coronaladj.8.calyxn.9.corticomedullaryjunctionA.胸的，胸廓的B.脊椎骨，椎骨C.盞D.乳突E.皮髓質結合F.頂尖G.皮質H.髓質I.冠狀的Glossary1.cortexn.A.胸的，胸廓Glossary1.parenchyman.2.afferent

adj.3.efferentadj.4.renaladj.5.renalpelvis6.nephronn.7.glomerularadj.8.uretern.9.arcuateartery10.glomerulusn.A.腎的B.傳出的C.腎盂D.傳入的E.輸尿管F.腎小球的G.腎單位H.（腎）小球I.實質J.弓狀動脈Glossary1.parenchyman.A.腎的I.TextPleaseskimthefirstpartofthetextandthenanswerthefirst3questions.I.TextPleaseskimthefirstpI.Text1.Wheredothelungsgettheirbloodsupply?Answer：Thelungreceivesitsbloodsupplyfromtwovascularsystems—thebronchialandpulmonarycirculations.I.Text1.WheredothelungsgI.Text2.Doesthenutritivebloodflowtothealveolarstructures?Answer：No.Itflowstoallbutthealveolarstructures.I.Text2.DoesthenutritivebI.Text3.Whatis/areresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung?Answer：Smallmusculararteriesareresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung.I.Text3.Whatis/areresponsTextAnalysis:Part1Thenutritivebloodflowtoallbut(except)thealveolarstructurescomesfromthebronchialcirculation,whichoriginatesfromtheaortaandupperintercostalarteriesandreceivesabout1percentofthecardiacoutput.1.flow的詞性？2.which指代的是誰？3.句子主干？4.嘗試翻譯。名詞ThebronchialcirculationThenutritivebloodflowcomesfromthebronchialcirculation.先譯主干，再進行補充TextAnalysis:Part1ThenutriTextAnalysis:Part1Thenutritivebloodflowtoallbut(except)thealveolarstructurescomesfromthebronchialcirculation,whichoriginatesfromtheaortaandupperintercostalarteriesandreceivesabout1percentofthecardiacoutput.參考譯文：肺的營養(yǎng)血液來自于支氣管循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，流向肺部除肺泡外的所有組織，支氣管循環(huán)系統(tǒng)始于主動脈及上肋間動脈，接受大約1%的心輸出量。TextAnalysis:Part1ThenutriTextAnalysis:Part1draininto流入，排入，注入e.g.Today’sslaverwilldrainintotomorrow’stear.今日垂涎，明日流淚。e.g.The

rivers

drain

into

the

Balkhash

lake,which

sustains

the

livelihood

of

more

thantwo

million

Kazakhs.

這些河流匯入巴爾喀什湖，維系著兩百多萬哈薩克人的生活。TextAnalysis:Part1drainintTextAnalysis:Part1Theremainder(ofwhat?)drainsintothepulmonaryveinsand,alongwiththecontributionfromthethebesianveinsintheheart,representsacomponentofthe1to2percentright-to-leftshuntfoundinnormalsubjects.參考譯文：剩余的（2/3）輸出流入肺靜脈，并在心臟最小靜脈的作用下，在正常情況下，以1%-2%的量自右向左分流。TextAnalysis:Part1TheremaiTextAnalysis:Part1Thearteriesdowntothelevelofthesubsegmentalairways(2-mmdiameter)arethin-walled,predominantlyelasticvessels.1.downto表示的位置關系？2.句子主干？3.嘗試翻譯參考譯文：肺段支氣管（直徑2mm）以上的肺動脈血管壁薄，（主要是）且富彈性。TextAnalysis:Part1ThearterTextAnalysis:Part1Beyond

this,thearteriesbecomemuscularizeduntiltheyreachdiametersof30μm,atwhichpointthemuscularcoatdisappears.1.this指代什么？2.beyond如何與上文銜接？參考譯文：由此下行，動脈成肌肉化發(fā)展，逐漸縮窄至僅30微米，（此時）肌肉層消失。TextAnalysis:Part1BeyondthTextAnalysis:Part1Mostofthearterialpressuredrop

takesplaceinthesesmallmusculararteries,whichareresponsiblefortheactivecontrolofbloodflowdistributioninthelung.參考譯文：大部分動脈壓降產(chǎn)生在這些肌肉化的小動脈中，他們起著調節(jié)肺部血流分布的作用。TextAnalysis:Part1MostoftTextAnalysis:Part1Thepulmonaryarteriolesemptyintoanextensivecapillarynetworkanddrainintothin-walledpulmonaryveins,whicheventuallyjoinwiththearteriesandbronchiatthehilumandexitthelungtoentertheleftatrium.1.empty的詞性？動詞。排空；注入此句中，emptywhatinto……？2.which指代什么？參考譯文：肺小動脈將血液排入廣泛分布的毛細血管網(wǎng)，流入肺靜脈。肺靜脈的壁很薄，他們最終在肺門處與動脈和支氣管匯合/并行，出肺進入左心房。TextAnalysis:Part1Thepulmo語法特點：非限制性關系分句關系分句是由關系詞引導的關系結構，這種分句結構又稱為“定語從句”。這種分句的主要功能是作名詞修飾語（即“定語”）。關系分句就其與先行項的語義關系分為限制性關系分句（Restrictive

Relative

Clause）和非限制性關系分句（Non-restrictive

Relative

Clause）。語法特點：非限制性關系分句關系分句是由關系詞引導的關系結構，語法特點：非限制性關系分句限制性關系分句和非限制性關系分句的區(qū)別：1.形式不同限定性定語從句主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，口語中使用時也不停頓；而非限定性定語從句與主句之間通常有逗號隔開，口語中使用時有停頓。2.功能不同限定性定語從句用于對先行詞的意義進行修飾、限制和識別，如果去掉，就會造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定語從句用于對先行詞起補充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：

Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。(若把從句去掉句子就失去意義)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。(若把從句去句子意義仍然完整)語法特點：非限制性關系分句限制性關系分句和非限制性關系分句的語法特點：非限制性關系分句限制性關系分句和非限制性關系分句的區(qū)別：3.翻譯不同在翻譯定語從句時，一般把限定性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，而把非限定性定語從句與主句分開。如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽車被竊的那個人。I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀請了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。4.含義不同比較下面的兩個句子：Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.我有一個醫(yī)生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一個)Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一個姐姐，她是當醫(yī)生的。(只有一個姐姐)語法特點：非限制性關系分句限制性關系分句和非限制性關系分句的語法特點：非限制性關系分句Translation:1.就是這本書，也可以說是小冊子，推薦每位內科醫(yī)生閱讀。Thisisthebook,orpamphlet,whichhasbeenrecommendedtoeveryphysician.2.血流可因更快(morerapid)和更有力(morevigorous)的心臟活動(heartaction)而增加，這就使熱量加速(accelerate)轉移(movementof…to…)到皮膚。Thebloodflowmaybeincreasedbymorerapidandvigorousheartaction,whichacceleratesthemovementofheattotheskin.語法特點：非限制性關系分句Translation:TextAnalysis:Part2Pleasereadthesecondpartofthetextfromthebeginningtotheendandthenanswerthelasttwoquestions.TextAnalysis:Part2PleasereTextAnalysis:Part24.Wheredoafferentarteriolescomefrom?Answer:Afferentarteriolescomefromterminalinterlobulararteries.TextAnalysis:Part24.WhereTextAnalysis:Part25.Whatdotheinterlobulararteriesprovideatthecorticomedullaryjunction?Answer:Thesesmallerarteriesprovideperpendicularbranches,thearcuatearteries,atthecorticomedullaryjunction.TextAnalysis:Part25.Whatd醫(yī)學英語綜合教程Unit1Anatomy課件TextAnalysis:Part2如何用英文表達“構成”：1.整體

+Comprise/

consist

of

/

be

composed

of

/

be

made

up

of+部分e.g.The

committee

comprises/

consists

of

two

lawyers,

two

journalists

and

a

teacher.委員會由兩名律師、兩名記者和一名教師組成。2.部分

+constitute

/

compose/

make

up

+整體

e.g.Two

lawyers,

two

journalists

and

a

head

teacher

constitute

/

compose

the

committee.兩名律師、兩名記者和一名校長組成該委員會。

TextAnalysis:Part2如何用英文表達“構TextAnalysis:Part2現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語表結果：thesecalycescollectivelycommunicatewithmajorcalyces,formingtherenalpelvis.e.g.There

is

mud

and

water

everywhere,

making

it

difficult

to

travel

from

place

to

place.

現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語表示一種必然性（自然結果）。（making

可以改為

which

makes，相當于一個前因后果的非限制性定語從句。）e.g.他每天回來得很晚，這使他的妻子很生氣。Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,makinghiswifeveryangry.TextAnalysis:Part2現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語TextAnalysis:Part2練習：現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語表結果：e.g.她把玩具丟在地上，碎成很多片。Shethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.e.g.她的丈夫十年前去世了，丟下三個孩子需要她照顧。Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,leavingthreechildrenforhertolookafter.TextAnalysis:Part2練習：現(xiàn)在分詞短語TextAnalysis:Part2Bloodisdeliveredtoeachkidneyfromamainrenalarterybranchingfromtheaorta.1.branching用來修飾什么？2.如何翻譯？TextAnalysis:Part2BloodisTextAnalysis:Part