中考仿真英語專題復習九：定語從句的考點講解和訓練

中考英語專題復習九：定語從句的考點講解和訓練【考點掃描】中考對定語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：定語從句的功用和結構關系代詞和關系副詞的功用各個關系代詞和關系副詞的具體用法考查的主要形式是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達肯定也要用到定語從句?！久麕熅v】一.定語從句的功用和結構在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.關系代詞和關系副詞的功用關系代詞和關系副詞用來引導定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關系代詞和關系副詞又在定語從句中充當一個成分。關系待客做主語，賓語，定語，關系副詞可作狀語。1.作主語：關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubei2.作賓語：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape〞.3.作定語關系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作狀語I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各個關系代詞和關系副詞的具體用法1.who指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.關系代詞whom，which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具體使用時還要注意以下問題：1.只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1)先行詞是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代詞時。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行詞被only,no,any,all,等詞修飾時。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定語從句由介詞+關系代詞引導，先行詞是物時。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.【中考范例】theteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導定語從句的關系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who適宜。2.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語從句的關系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是物，而關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that適宜。3---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaA.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導定語從句的關系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who適宜。hatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導定語從句的關系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who適宜?！究偡种笛菥殹恳?單項填空1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace

_____Ihaveevervisited.

A.there

B.when

C.where

D.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when二.用關系代詞或關系副詞將以下每對句子連成一個復合句1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.三.用適當?shù)年P系代詞或關系副詞填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthisthe