大學(xué)英語精讀Book2Unit8

CollegeEnglish(2)Honesty:isitgoingoutofstyleUnit8TeachingProcedureWarm-upActivitiesBackgroundInformation

TextAnalysisLanguagePointsUsefulExpressionSummaryProverbsHomeworkTraditionalWaystocheatonexamsWarm-upActivitiesCheatonexamswithhigh-Techreceivers1.Losetrustfrompeoplearoundyou2.Failtogetthediploma;evenquitschool9studentsofXi’AnUniversityofFinanceandEconomics(西安財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院)wereaskedtoleaveschoolforcheatingonCET4SeriousconsequencesChinahi-techexamcheatsjailed

ByChrisHogg

BBCNews,ShanghaiEightparentsandteacherswhousedhi-techequipmenttohelpchildrencheatinChinesecollegeentranceexamshavebeensenttoprison.ThreeteacherswereputintoprisonforsellingadvancecopiesofCET4answers3.Faceacharge1.Whatdoyouthinkarethemainreasonsthatsomestudentscheatonexams?

NotreviewwellbeforethetestsNoself-confidenceGrouppsychology(從眾心理)2.Doyouthinkwecanstopcheating?Ifyes,how?Ifno,why?yesnobelievethereissomeonewhonevercheatsonexamsspendmoretimeonstudyinsteadofplayingbasketball,computergames,datingwithgirlfriend…“l(fā)ifecannotlieoutinbrightflowers.”(生命不會在謊言中綻放燦爛的花朵)How:Improveourstudyskillandattitudeifwedon’tcheat,thenextyearwewillalsobeafreshman.(考試不作弊來年當(dāng)學(xué)弟)wepreferpassingtheexamtopersonality(寧可沒人格，不能不及格)somesubjectsaresodifficultthatwehavetocheatcheatingonexamandexamaretwins.Yes,wecanstopcheatingNo,wecan’tstopcheating3.Canyouimaginewhatwouldhappeniftherewerenoexams?Theworldwithexamswecouldfindouttheknowledgewehaven’tmasteredExaminerscouldselectthetalentstheyneedTheworldwithoutexamsFeelfreeandhaveagoodmoodeverydayItwillbewonderfulworld:TheskyisblueandsunnyallthetimeBirdssinghappily1) Publicopinionpoll民意測驗(yàn):amethodoflearningwhatpeoplethinkandhowtheyfeelaboutawidevarietyofsubjects.2) Thefirstpublicpoll:in1824,intheUS,oneofthebest-known—theGallupPoll蓋洛普民意測驗(yàn)

Twosamplingmethods:randomandquotasampling隨機(jī),定額抽樣

1.PollsofpublicopinionBackgroundInformation

2.Tests

1)TOEFL:TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage

托福考試2)GRE:GraduateRecordExamination

研究生考試3)IELTS:InternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem

國際英語測試(雅思）4)PETS:PublicEnglishTestSystem

全國公共英語等級考試5)BEC:BusinessEnglishCertificate

劍橋商務(wù)英語資格考試

6)CET4:CollegeEnglishTestBand4

大學(xué)英語四級考試

Competencytests(能力測試)(Para.2,L.1)areusedtodeterminewhetherornotapersonpossessesacertainskilltodosomething,asopposedtoaproficiencytest(水平測試TOEFL/IELTS)whichdetermineshowwellapersoncandosomething.Acompetencytestisapass/failtest,thepointbeingnottoachieveanexceptionalscore,butmerelytopassit.RecentlyagrowingnumberofstatesintheUSarerequiringstudentstopassacompetencytestbeforereceivingahighschooldiploma;ifonefailsthetest,onereceivesahighschoolcertificatewhichamountstolittlemorethanastatementthatoneattendedschool.

CollegeEntranceExamsAmericaVSChinaInAmerica,thereisn’tauniversalexamforenrollingacollegeorauniversity,becausedifferentuniversitieshavedifferentrequirements.Inthelastyearofhighschool,thestudentswillapplyseveralschoolsandtaketheexamsofeachschoolrespectively.HarvardUniversity

InChina,thereisauniversalexamforenrollingacollegeorauniversity.Moststudentswilltakethesamecollegeentranceexams.However,recently,moreandmoreuniversitiesareendowed(授予)therighttousetheirspecialtests,suchasPekingUniversity,Qinghuauniversity…清華試題(中英文綜合)●給周杰倫《青花瓷》(blueandwhiteporcelain)中的一句歌詞“素坯勾勒出青花筆鋒濃轉(zhuǎn)淡，瓶身描繪的牡丹一如你初妝……”挑語病。北大試題(語文)●將杜甫的《旅夜書懷》翻譯成英文：細(xì)草微風(fēng)岸，危檣獨(dú)夜舟。星垂平野闊，月涌大江流。名豈文章著？官應(yīng)老病休！飄飄何所似？天地一沙鷗！3.HonestystoriesTheAdventuresofPinocchioPinocchiowascreatedasawoodenpuppet(木偶)

,butdreamtofbecomingarealboy.Inthestory,ashetellsthelie,hisnosebeginstogrowuntilitissolonghecannotturnaroundintheroom.Afairysaysifhewantstobearealboy,hemustbecomehonestandbraveatfirst.TheEmperor'sNewClothesLongagoandfaraway,therelivedanEmperorwhowasveryvainandcouldthinkaboutnothingbuthisclothes.Oneday,twocheatersaidthecouldmakethemostbeautifulclothesfortheEmperor,andwhat’smore,thestupidpeoplecouldn’tseeit.Ontheparade,peoplesawanakedEmperor.Inordertoprovetheyarenotstupid,peoplecried."Whatasuit!"butasmallboyasked,"Whatsuit?TheEmperorhasnoclothesonatall!"WhenAbrahamLincolnwasyoungheworkedinastore.Onedayheovercharged.Theyoungmanknew,hiscustomerlivedbetweentwoandthreemilesaway.Itwasnight,butheclosedandlockedthestore,andwalkedtotheresidenceofhiscustomer.Havingarrivedthere,heexplainedthematter,andreturnedtheoverchargedcentsAbrahamLincolnandtheoverchargedsixcentsGeorgeWashingtonandthecherrytree

AccordingtoanearlybiographerofGeorgeWashington,theyoungWashingtonreceivedanewaxandusedittochopdown(砍倒)hisfather’scherrytree.Hisfatherdemandedtoknowhowthetreehadfallen.Georgewastemptedtodenyhismisdeed,butthen,hebravelycriedout,“Icannottellalie.Ididcutitwithmyax.”Accordingtotheabovestories,whatconclusionwecancometo?Thepeoplewholieandcheatwillbepublishedandcometobadends;whilethehonestpeoplewillbepraisedandrespected.

TextStructureAnalysis

1Para.1—para.3

2Para.4—para.53Para.6—para.124Para.13—para.15PartsPara.MainIdeasCheatingmaybeontherise.Actionstakenandreaction.Reactions:Whytherewaslesscheatingin“thegoodolddays”?Suggestions:Waystohelpstudentsgainconfidence.

Thetextisanargumentativewriting(議論文)instyle.TheauthorpresentssufficientevidencetosupporthisideathatdishonestyisincreasinginAmerica,buthonestyisstillanimportantpartofthenationalcharacter.DiscourseAnalysis1.Howtosupportastatement?TopicsentenceSupportingsentences:Statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì))

Examples(舉例)Contrasts(對比)Analogy(類推)Classification(分類)etc.

Statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì))Collectionofinformationshowninnumbers

StudentUseofComputers(2002.6.CET4)

1.根據(jù)圖表，請描述某校大學(xué)生平均每周使用計(jì)算機(jī)的時(shí)間變化

2.請說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會發(fā)展等方面加以說明）；

3.你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么問題。

….Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours;whilein2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.

Contrast(對比)ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?如何看待大學(xué)校園成為旅游熱點(diǎn)？(2006CET4)

Ahotdebatearisesoverwhethertheuniversitycampusshouldbeopentotourists.

Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofopeningittothepublic….

However,otherpeopleholdanoppositeviewpoint….常見的詞匯Opposed;conversely;instead;unlike;Onthecontrary;however;Incontrast;Nevertheless

ExamplesThey(MissSharp’seyes)wereverylarge,odd,andattractive;soattractivethatReverendMr.Crisp,freshfromoxford,fellinlovewithMissSharp;beingshotdeadbyaglanceofhereyeswhichwasfiredallthewayacrossChiswickChurchfromtheschool-pewtothereading-desk.她的眼睛顯得很特別，不但大,而且迷人.

有一名副牧師,名叫克里斯?jié)?剛從牛津大學(xué)畢業(yè)，竟因此愛上了她.夏潑小姐的眼神穿過契息克教堂,從學(xué)校的包座直射到牧師的講臺，一下子就把克里斯?jié)娔翈熃o結(jié)果了.常有詞匯Forexample;forinstance;suchas;namely(即,也就是);ingeneral;inparticular;especially;thatis(tosay)

AnalogySimilaritybetweentwothingsthatarecompared為解釋一種不為人熟悉的事物,常把有相同性的其他種類的事物比較.Languageislikeamap.It’snottheterritoryitself,butit’sakindofrepresentation.Amapisarepresentationoftheearth’ssurface,whereaslanguageis,orshouldbe,arepresentationofreality---includingthings,socialrelationships,andmore.常用的詞匯SimilaridenticalcomparableequalResemblebelike

canbecomparedto

分類法(classification)

Travelingabroad國外旅游(2006.6CET6)

1、近十年來某城市越來越多人選擇出去旅游

2、出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因

3、這種現(xiàn)象可能產(chǎn)生的影響

Thereareseveralreasonsforthechange.

Firstly，withthedevelopmentofeconomy，moreandmorepeoplebecomebetteroff…..Secondly，tourismhasgreatlydevelopedoverthedecade…..Inaddition，individualstodayareexpectedandencouragedtogooutsidetowidentheirhorizonandtofacetherealworldofglobalization…..常見詞匯Thefirst;thesecond;theformer;thelatterAgreatvarietyof;awiderangeof,etc.ForPart1:TopicSentenceThereareotherindicationsthathighschoolcheatingmaybeontherise.(Para.1;L.5)SupportingSentences

Recentpoll:61%Americanhighschoolstudentsevercheated.Acaseinpoint:NewYorkStatecharge.Studentsbuyprewrittentermpapers.2.Findthesupportingsentencesineachpartaccordingtothetopicsentencesgiven.ForPart2:TopicSentenceCollegesanduniversitiesacrossthenationhavedecidedtodomorethantalkabouttheriseinstudentcheating.(Para.4;L.1)SupportingSentenceCampaignattheUniversityofMaryland.ForPart3:TopicSentenceButweretheymorehonest?Maybeyes,alongtimeagowhenlifewasverydifferentfromwhatitistoday.(Para.6;L.2)SupportingSentencesGeorgeWashington’scherrytree—honestywasseenasanimportantpartoftheAmericancharacter.Nofunstories,butonesaboutmorality.AbeLincoln’spenny—smallsocialcircle.Moresignstoday—morelikelytorevealdishonesty.ForPart4:TopicSentenceThereissomeevidencethatdishonestymayebbandflow.(Para.13;L.1)SupportingSentencesTheftandcheating.Educators’finding.Defiantstudents.LanguagePointsoutofstyle&instyle(title)outofstyle:unfashionable不時(shí)髦的

a.Theskirthasgoneoutofstyle.b.Honestywillneverbeoutofstyle.

instyle:inagrandway流行,時(shí)髦a.Therichladylikestogivedinnerpartiesinstyle.b.Shedressesinstyle.Ishonestygoingoutofstyle?(title)As409studentsfiledoutoftheirexam,theyfoundallbutoneexitblocked.(Para.4,L.4)Andthesearejusttwostoriesoutofmany.(Para.8,L.1)OutofA.outof:notin,awayfrom

脫離,失去,在..之外失去控制____________過時(shí)的___________B.outof:frominside

從里面出來Takeyourhands___________________.把手從口袋里拿出來C.outof:fromamong

其中，……之中__________________intownhaveseenthemovieTitanic.鎮(zhèn)子上,十個(gè)人里就有六個(gè)看了電影<<泰坦尼克號>>

outofcontroloutofdateoutofyourpockets.SixoutoftenpeopleD.outof:without

表示“沒有，缺乏”

沒有道理的_____________年久失修的_____________E.outof:becauseof,indicatingmotives

由于，出于

出于好奇_______________出于同情_______________

outofreasonoutofrepairoutofcuriosityoutofsympathyPeek偷看；窺視at/into/oversb./sth.Hejusthadtime_____________________beforethedoorclosed.

他剛向房間里望了一眼門便關(guān)上了。Peer

凝視；盯著看at/over/throughsth./sb.Thenewpostman_____________________,tryingtofindtherighthouse.

新來的郵遞員在霧中仔細(xì)張望,設(shè)法尋找到他要找的那一家。peeredthroughthemisttopeekintotheroomPeek(Para.1,Line4)辨析：peek,peer,glance,glimpse,

glance“迅速地看”~at/down/over/throughsb./sth.________________________andthenloweredhereyes.她羞怯地看了他一眼，隨即垂下眼簾。glimpse投以一瞥,閃爍不定~

atsb./sth.Iglimpsedatheramongthecrowdbeforeshedisappearedfromsight.

______________________________

______________________________Sheglancedshylyathim就在她即將消失在人群里之前，我瞥見了她。ontherise:

(para.1,line6)我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)在不斷增加。_________________________________Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolisontherise.rise和raise辨析：rise

goupwards意為“上升、起立”為不及物動intransitive太陽從東邊升起。_________________________我從座位上站起來__________________________

raise

lifeormovesth.toahigherlevel意為“增加，提高”，是及物動詞transitive

She_______________________asasignforsilence.

她把手指放到唇邊，表示讓大家安靜。raisedafingertoherlipsIrosefrommyseat.Thesunrisesintheeast.arisev.appearoriginate出現(xiàn),發(fā)生機(jī)會來了。________________________arouse

v.wakesb.fromsleep;awaken

喚醒,鼓勵(lì),引起他的痛苦引起了我們的同情。________________________

________________________AnopportunityhasarisenHissufferingsarousedoursympathycorresponding:

adj.(Para.2,L.3)1)matching相應(yīng)的,相當(dāng)?shù)腡hepeacetalkwasheldbetween____________________(相關(guān)的官員)inthetwogovernments.

2)thesame符合的,一致的

Thepolicefound__________________________

(符合的腳印)outsidethehousewherethemurdertookplace.correspondingofficialscorrespondingfootprintsCorresponding(Para.2;line3)acaseinpoint:(Para.2,L.10)Anaveragestudentcanbeatopstudentwithadditionalwork.Cathyisacaseinpoint.afitexample恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?左證Charge(para.2,L.5)He_______________stealingthejewels.1)accusesbofsth.控告

chargesb.with

sth.:控告/指控某人犯有…罪

accusesb.of

sth.:控告/指控某人犯有…罪他被控盜竊珠寶waschargedwith2)askasaprice要價(jià)charge(sb./sth.)forsth.charge(sb.)sth.(forsth.)Iamnotgoingthereagain---They_______________________________.我再也不上那去了，一杯咖啡就要了我一磅3)putanamountofelectricityinto給…充電Chargeabatterychargedme1poundforacupofcoffee

Collocation:

bring/makeacharge faceacharge dismissacharge

onachargeof place/putsb.inchargeofsth.takechargeofsth.inchargeofsth.指控面臨控告駁回一項(xiàng)指控以…罪名任命某人負(fù)責(zé)某事負(fù)責(zé)某事主管某事n.檔案,公文箱,V.Matchorwalkinthespecifieddirectioninasingleline

排成單排沿某方向行走

filein,out,off,past,etc.他們從教室里魚貫而出。_______________________________file(Para.4,Line4)Theyfiledoutoftheclassroom.launch:

(para.4,L19)1)v.start;setgoing使..開始,行動TruckdriversinFrance________________(舉行罷工)forearlierretirement.2)v.setashipafloat

使船下水TheFirstLadywasinvitedtolaunchthenewwarship.launch:

(para.4,L19)launchedastrike第一夫人受邀主持新軍艦下水儀式__________________________________________________________3)v.setarocket,missile,etc.inmotion

使..運(yùn)動,送…上軌道It’sexpensivetolaunchanastronautintoouterspace.4).cessofputtingintomotionaship,spacecraftornewproduct

發(fā)射,下水(新產(chǎn)品)投產(chǎn)Theworldmournedforthefailedlaunchofspaceship“Challenger”.送宇航員(astronaut['?str?n?:t]

)到外太空是非常昂貴的.______________________________________________________campaign:(para.4,L.19)

seriesofplannedactivitiesforsomespecialpurpose運(yùn)動Thecampaignsucceededandhewontheelection.

2)seriesofplannedmilitaryoperationswithasetpurpose戰(zhàn)役Thesoldierwasawardedthreecampaignmedalsforbravery.Campaign(para.4,L19)Collocation:

carryon/conduct/wageacampaignlaunch/mount/organizeacampaignacampaignagainst…acampaignfor…開展一場運(yùn)動發(fā)動（組織）一場運(yùn)動反…的運(yùn)動爭取…的運(yùn)動inthecaseof:(Para.7,L5)asfaras…beconcerned就……來說，至于……_________________________,Chinaisthelargestcountryintheworld.就人口而言，中國是世界上最大的國家。Inthecaseofthepopulationincaseof:forfearthatsth.shouldhappen;ifsthshouldhappen以防；萬一

你最好帶把雨傘，以防下雨。_____________,you’dbettertakeanumbrella.incase:if,forfearthat如果，以防如果他來的話，告訴我一聲。________________,letmeknow.辨析inthecaseof,incaseof與incaseIncaseofrainIncasehecomesMoral(Para.8;line.2)moral:adj.道德上的,道義上的;品行端正的;能分辨是非的

moralprinciples道義/moralculture德育n.[C]寓意;道德上的教訓(xùn)

mental[‘mentl]精神metal['metl]金屬

mortal['m?:tl]凡人morale[m?'rɑ:l]士氣Reinforce(Para.9;Line.1)vt.make(sth.)strongerbyaddingmaterial加固

reinforceawall,bridge,etc.

把墻,橋等加固vt.

givemoresupporttosomething;emphasize加強(qiáng);給..更多的支持

reinforcesb’sopinion,argument,conviction,etc.

支持某人的意見，觀點(diǎn)，信念等

reveal:(Para.12,L.5)

revealsth.tosb.1)v.expose;makeknown

泄露Hislifewasthreatenedforrevealingthesecret.

2)causetobeseen

展示Thosepicturesrevealtousawonderfulworldunderwater.披露詳情流露感情____________________________________revealdetailsrevealfeelings這些圖片向我們展示了美麗的海底世界____________________________________________________________CF:reveal,disclose&expose這幾個(gè)詞都是動詞，都有“暴露，透露”之意。reveal意思是“泄露”、“透露”、“顯示”。其內(nèi)容多是事先不為人所知的秘密、事件等。disclose意思是“公開”、“揭發(fā)”、“透露（秘密）”。其內(nèi)容多指曾保密的或不愿公開的事件真相，常為不正當(dāng)、不光彩的事。expose意為“暴露”，含有棄置、不予保護(hù)、聽之任之之意；還可以指揭露某罪人或罪行。Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Don’t_______yourskintothesun.2.Hedaredto________illegalactivitiesinhisnativeplace.3.Ithreatenedto________himtothepolice.4.Theteacherdidnot______tohisstudentsthetestresult.5.Thediplomat(外交家)askedthereportersnotto_______hisname.6.Theinvestigationhas________someseriousproblemsinthisproject.exposediscloseexposerevealdiscloserevealedAnyway/anyhow:(Para.15,L.4)

adv.whateverthefactmaybe;inspiteofthis;atleast

不管怎樣;無論如何;至少Anywayyoucantry.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk,anyway.[諺]覆水難收;木已成舟tempt

(Para.15,L.4)v.

persuade(sb.)todosth.wrongorfoolishTheserpent_________________________________2)attract

吸引暖和的陽光吸引我們到外面去。________________________

________________________Thewarmsuntemptedustogoout.

temptedEvetoeattheforbiddenfruit.蛇引誘夏娃吃了禁果(forbiddenfruit)

osth./doingsth;temptsb.todosth.temptation

n.誘惑

givewaytotemptation

（受誘惑）

fallintotemptation

（受誘惑）resisttemptation

（抵制誘惑）Onhearingthesadnews,hecouldn'tresistthetemptationtocry.SupplyingtheMissingInformationReadthetextcarefullyandsupplythemissinginformationtocompletethefollowingsentences.Summary1.Inordertoreceivetheirhighschooldiplomas,studentsinmanystates________________________________.2.Sincemanystudentsbuyprewrittentermpapers,severalprofessorhavegivenup_____________________________________.3.“Ringers”arethose____________________________.Inordertocatch“ringers”,theDepartmentofPsychologyattheUniversityofMaryland__________________.4.Quiteafewreadersdon’tknow____________________________________________wasinventedbythefirstbiographerofWashington.h