2023屆高考英語二輪復習：閱讀七選五課件 35張

2023屆二輪復習專題閱讀七選五解題技法考題趨勢真題演練閱讀七選五內(nèi)容索引題型分析考題導入1354patterncolor2ACEDBWorkoutthepuzzle

Gap-fillingisamorecomplexpuzzle.考題導入考題趨勢卷名年份語篇類型主題標題設空位置主題語境主題語境內(nèi)容新高考全國Ⅰ卷2020說明文人與自我公開演講無段首1題；段中3題；段尾1題全國Ⅰ卷2020說明文人與自我自我接納有段首1題；段中3題；段尾1題2019說明文人與自然新鮮空氣對健康的益處有段首2題；段中3題2018說明文人與自我家居設計無段首1題；段中3題；段尾1題全國Ⅱ卷2020說明文人與社會表情符號有段首1題；段中4題2019說明文人與自我激發(fā)動力的方法無段首1題；段中4題2018說明文人與自我鍛煉健身無段首2題；段中2題；段尾1題全國Ⅲ卷2020說明文人與社會喬遷聚會無段首2題；段中2題；段尾1題2019說明文人與社會建立健康有益的互動交流無段首1題；段中3題；段尾1題2018說明文人與社會跳舞無段首2題；段中2題；段尾1題由上表分析可知，全國卷閱讀七選五的選材大部分是貼近考生生活或考生感興趣的300字左右的說明文，偶爾出現(xiàn)記敘文。說明文文體的文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、層次分明、條理清晰、邏輯嚴密。文中常有ways，methods，skills，techniques，suggestions，tips，steps，how等詞。主題語境涵蓋人與自我、人與社會和人與自然。設空位置有段首、段中和短尾,考查學生的邏輯思維能力。題型分析讀全文看位置找聯(lián)系思邏輯析選項速讀全文了解大意看題目位于段首段中還是段尾找題目前后在詞匯、意義上的聯(lián)系思考題目前后在行文上的邏輯關系分析選項的特征、預測選項在文中的位置段首題主旨句過渡句常以段落小標題或主題句形式出現(xiàn)此空的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏捅径蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來段尾題總結(jié)句過渡句用于總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，常含有總結(jié)性詞語此空的答案能夠?qū)⒈径魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來段中題并列或遞進關系轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步關系因果關系解釋或例證關系信號詞為first,second,third,等或also,further,similarly等信號詞為however,neverthless,still,though信號詞為asaresult,thus等某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子段首段尾易判定弄清作用答案明句間關系迷人眼，剩余選項再判斷解題技法1.依據(jù)設空位置(1)設空處在段首(2)設空處在段中(3)設空處在段尾2.依據(jù)詞匯線索(1)詞匯復現(xiàn)(2)代詞線索3.依據(jù)上下文邏輯和銜接關系(1)總分關系(2)解釋關系(3)例證關系(4)并列關系(5)轉(zhuǎn)折關系(6)對比關系(7)因果關系解題技法1.依據(jù)設空位置句子在文中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同,充分利用設空位置的暗示作用,結(jié)合語篇邏輯是解決“七選五”的有效途徑。(1)設空處在段首在每段的第一句設空的內(nèi)容通常是該段的主旨句,解題時需要認真研讀該段內(nèi)容,然后從選項中查找與下文相關的內(nèi)容,從而確定答案。解題技法例1

(2019課標全國Ⅲ節(jié)選)37

Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus(教學大綱)andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn'thidinginplainsight.E.Belowaresomecommondo'sanddon'tsforonlinelearners.F.Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.解題技法解析設空處為段落主題句?？蘸笳f與主題內(nèi)容相關的問題通常會受歡迎。在詢問有關課程設

計的問題之前,閱讀教學大綱和學習管理系統(tǒng)信息,以確保答案不會隱藏在眼皮底下。由此可推知

選G項“問問題,但要確保它們是好的、深思熟慮的問題”。（2）設空處在段中要注意分析設空處前后的邏輯關系。設空處除了可能是承上啟下的過渡句外,也可能是補充前文的具體事實、事例和說明的句子。因此,首先需要依據(jù)信息詞將部分選項排除,然后把剩下的幾個可能正確的選項依次代入設空處,最終確定哪個選項和設空處前后內(nèi)容語義連貫、邏輯關系清晰,從而得出正確答案。解題技法例2

(2019課標全國Ⅲ節(jié)選)Participateindiscussionforums(論壇),blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.38

Be

suretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.Makeapoint,andmakeitsafeforotherstodothesame.A.That'swhattheyarefor.B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.解題技法解析本題為段中題。設空處前為祈使句,建議參與論壇、博客等的討論,設空后為祈使句,是針

對討論提出的具體要求。所以,本段的信息詞為forums和blogs,B、D兩項應排除。再由設空處前

面的句子“Participateindiscussionforums,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.”中的

信息可知,A項中的That指代dialogue,they指代discussionforums,blogsandotheropen-endedfo-

rums。該項補充說明前文,而C項放在此處,語義不連貫(3)設空處在段尾段尾句多為承上啟下的過渡句或總結(jié)、概括句。解題時,可從這個角度去思考:該空是歸納本段主旨還是引出下一段的內(nèi)容?如果在選項中找不出與前文關聯(lián)的內(nèi)容,此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否體現(xiàn)出了銜接。認真閱讀下一段的開頭幾句,看是否能與選項緊密連接起來。解題技法例3

(2017課標全國Ⅰ節(jié)選)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer...B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.解題技法解析本題為段尾題。設空處前一句說“他們與我沒有共同之處”,設空處后一段講述了作者的

一次野營,前后之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系,所以此處需要填一個承上啟下的轉(zhuǎn)折句,故選D項。2.依據(jù)詞匯線索(1)詞匯復現(xiàn)詞匯復現(xiàn)指相同詞匯的重復使用、同義詞和近義詞的復現(xiàn)或同一范疇詞的復現(xiàn)。英語的線性思維表現(xiàn)為第一句話的賓語往往是第二句的主語,或者前后句有相同或重疊的詞語。這種前后句語義的銜接常以句子中關鍵詞(常為名詞、動詞、形容詞)的同義詞、近義詞或反義詞(組)復現(xiàn)的方式來實現(xiàn)。解題時可以利用這些詞作為線索。解題技法例4

(2018課標全國Ⅱ節(jié)選)Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.38

Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4—10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!解題技法解析本題可利用詞匯復現(xiàn)法解題。F項中的“continuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday(整整一天持續(xù)燃燒卡路里)”與設空處后句中的“willbegettingthecalorieburningbenefitsforthewholeday(整整一天都有卡路里燃燒的益處)”意義一致,其中calorie(卡路里)屬于原詞復現(xiàn),throughouttheday與原文中的forthewholeday意義相同,屬于同義詞復現(xiàn)。(2)代詞線索代詞主要是為避免重復,用于指代前面提到的人或物,有時也用于指代前面提到的概念。巧妙利用這樣的指代關系可以有效地幫助我們做出正確的選擇。例5

(2019課標全國Ⅰ節(jié)選)Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39

Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?解題技法解析本題可利用代詞線索法解題?？涨敖榻B了看綠色植物對病人的康復有益,空后一句說“它

給我們一種非常好的內(nèi)心平和的感覺”。由此可推斷出空后的It應該指“置身于大自然”,故C項“置身于大自然使我們精神煥發(fā)”符合語境。3.依據(jù)上下文邏輯和銜接關系文章由段落組成,層次分明,錯落有致,圍繞中心話題展開。各段、句之間形成一定的語義邏輯關系。閱讀補全解題攻略之一就是要理清這些關系,并據(jù)此選出正確答案。(1)總分關系“總分結(jié)構(gòu)”中的“總”是文章內(nèi)容的總體概括,出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾;“分”是文章內(nèi)容的具體展開,它實際上是文章的主體部分。一篇文章在總體布局上,可以先總后分,也可以先分后總,還可以先總后分再總。解題技法例6

(2018課標全國Ⅰ節(jié)選)...Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38

.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.A.WhileallofthemareusefulB.Whateveryou'relookingforC.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith解題技法解析根據(jù)第一段末尾指出的需要作出的三種決定,即“thesmallones,themediumones,andthe

largeones”、第一段和后面三段形成總分的關系，三、四段分別介紹了后兩種決定,故38題所在段落應介紹第一種決定。所以38題應該與thesmallones有關。故D項符合段落主題。(2)解釋關系從邏輯意義上來看,句子與句子之間常常有解釋關系,往往作者提出觀點,緊接著對這個觀點進行解釋說明。因此,把握文章結(jié)構(gòu),理清作者表達的意思至關重要。例7

(2018課標全國Ⅱ節(jié)選)39

Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacef-ulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.解題技法解析此處缺少一個主題句。空后句子解釋了早起鍛煉的人比晚上鍛煉的人睡得更好。所選答

案應是對后面內(nèi)容的總述。故B項符合本段主旨,意為“(如果早上鍛煉)你的睡眠質(zhì)量會有所提

高”。（3）例證關系例證關系即某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性,思維過程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點)和推理(從觀點到例子)。常見的表示例證關系的標志詞語有:forexample,forinstance,等。例8

(2017北京節(jié)選)Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74

Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.解題技法解析該段首句說“現(xiàn)在我們還有最直接的證據(jù)證明他是對的”,那接下來應該具體描述該證

據(jù)。此外,該空后面一句話解釋了實驗的結(jié)果和意義。綜合看來,只有G項符合語境,指出了研究團

隊、實驗對象及實驗內(nèi)容。(4)并列關系表示并列關系的標志詞語有:and;first(ly);second(ly);then/next;tobeginwith;foronething,foranotherthing;finally/last等。例9

(2017北京節(jié)選)Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.解題技法解析首句指出“每種動物都要睡覺,但其原因仍然是個謎”。接下來是具體例子,當不允許實驗

室的老鼠睡覺時,它們在一個月內(nèi)就會死亡。C項“同樣,如果人類連續(xù)幾天不睡覺,就會生病”與

前句是并列關系。(5)轉(zhuǎn)折關系表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞暗示前后說的是同一件事。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系的標志詞語有:but,however,yet,while/

though/although,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless(然而),still等。例10

(2019課標全國Ⅰ節(jié)選)40

Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialvitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughvitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofvitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.解題技法解析空后一句說,雖然陽光會使我們的皮膚衰老并受到傷害,但也能給我們帶來有益的維生素D,

因為while為轉(zhuǎn)折詞,暗示了前后文說的是同一事物,因此D項“呼吸新鮮空氣的另一個附帶好處是

陽光”符合語境,D項中的sunlight與空后的thesun'srays相呼應。（6）對比關系表示對比的詞暗示設空處與其后有相反的意義。表示對比關系的標志詞語有:while,ifnot,some..others等。例11

(2017課標全國Ⅲ節(jié)選)Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou'vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40

Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.解題技法解析本段談到對自己所做的努力要記錄、評價和調(diào)整。本空后的“Ifnot”說明設空處與其后

為對比關系,此處是說方法有效就應該堅持,其后是說如果無效,就看看其他你可以嘗試的方法。

因此選E。解題技法(7)因果關系表示因果關系的標志詞語有:so,therefore,thus,consequently(因此),asaresult(of)等。例12

(2018課標全國Ⅰ節(jié)選)Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40

.D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways解析根據(jù)空前的“thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant”可知,大型物品

的顏色選擇所需要的時間、精力、費用很多,這恰與F項構(gòu)成因果關系。(2016·全國Ⅱ)?__2__Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料)．However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.A．KnowwhyyougardenB．Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden真題演練解析：段首題，考查段落主題句。根據(jù)后面的thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden可知，這一部分主要說明的是首先要弄清楚從事園藝的原因。故A項與之相符。](2020·全國Ⅰ·片段)

·37Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown；youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember，youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?真題演練解析：根據(jù)此題所在的位置可知，此處是一個小標題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述不要把自己與別人做比較，因為生活是我們自己的，我們也是世界上獨一無二的。選項F“別再拿自己與別人做比較”與之對應。A.(2020·全國Ⅰ·片段)

AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.36Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember，youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?真題演練解析：段中題，文章標題AFewTipsforSelf-Acceptance及空格前的“接受和愛自己似乎很難”，空格后的“這里有一些建議可以讓你朝正確的方向發(fā)展”，均暗示空格處表示“該如何開始”，選項B“你從哪里開始呢？”與之對應。(2020·全國Ⅰ·片段)

·Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob，earnedyourdegree，andyougotoutofbedtoday.39A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember，youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?真題演練解析：段尾題，本段的主題是“認可自己的優(yōu)點”。根據(jù)空格前的“你有了一份工作，拿到了文憑，而且今天起床了”可知，任何小事都是值得認可的，故選項C“沒有什么小事是不值得慶祝的”符合語境。(2020·全國Ⅱ·片段)

Emoji(表情符號)andWorkplaceCommunicationInAsia，messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly，withusersinthehundredsofmillions，bothatworkandplay.36.It’sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform真題演練解析：詞匯復現(xiàn)，根據(jù)空前一句可知，信息平臺在亞洲增長很快，而空后提到據(jù)報道，在一些西方國家，76%的員工在工作中使用表情符號，故可判斷選項D“這些平臺的普及正蔓延至全球”承上啟下?？涨耙痪渲械膒latforms和選項D中的platforms相呼應，空前一句中的InAsia和空后一句中的insomewesterncountries與globally相呼應。(2020·全國Ⅲ·片段)

38Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.A.Thisisn’tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts，keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.真題演練解析：根據(jù)代詞和因果關系推測，空格后的This是關鍵信息詞。由since后的內(nèi)容可知，在喬遷聚會時供應的食物不多，由此可判斷This是指帶食物去參加聚會，故選C項“你也可以帶食物或飲料與其他客人分享”。(2020·廣東佛山質(zhì)檢)Also，thosewhotakeacoldshowerinthemorningaremorelikelytobemoreenergeticthanpeoplewhotakeahotshower.2