定語從句解析 語法填空過關(guān)訓(xùn)練-高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

備考高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)-定語從句解析+語法填空過關(guān)訓(xùn)練定語從句解析一、定語從句的先行詞定語從句的先行詞可以是指人、物、時間、地點(diǎn)、原因等的名詞或代詞，也可以是整個主句。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的那些男孩是一班的。（指人）Basketballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.籃球是一項大多數(shù)男孩子都喜歡的運(yùn)動。（指物）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmether.我還記得第一次見她的那一天。（指時間）Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehousewherehecomposedTheMagicFlutearebothmuseumsnow.莫扎特的出生地和他創(chuàng)作歌劇《魔笛》的房子現(xiàn)在都是博物館了。(指地點(diǎn))Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.我不知道他今天看上去不高興的原因。(指原因）Thenaughtyboyupstairsalwaysmakesmuchnoise,whichmakesmeveryannoyed.樓上那個調(diào)皮的男孩總是弄出很大動靜，這讓我很煩。（指整個主句）二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有指人的who，whom，that,whose；指物的that，which,whose。關(guān)系副詞有指時間的when.指地點(diǎn)的where，指原因的why。另外as也可作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。Mrs.Smith(whom)youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.你昨天碰見的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。Therearesomefilms(that)I'dliketosee.有幾部電影我想去看。Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是一座具有2000年歷史的城市。Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.沒有人想要這個屋頂已坍塌了的房子。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。Isthistheroomwherewewerelivinglastwinter?這就是我們?nèi)ツ甓熳∵^的房間嗎？Thereasonwhyhesaidthatisquiteclear.他那樣說的理由是十分清楚的。Wejumpedforjoyatthenews.aswasnatural.我們聽到這個消息時高興地跳了起來，這是很自然的事情。關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞修飾的先行詞所作成分who人主語、賓語whom人賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語which物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語as人或物主語、賓語、表語TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.昨天來我們學(xué)校參觀的那個外國人來自加拿大。Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn'tneedmuchwater.他們種了一些不需要澆太多水的樹木。四、關(guān)系代詞who，that，whom和whose的用法當(dāng)先行詞指人：①在定語從句中作主語時，用who/that，關(guān)系代詞不可省略；2在定語從句中作賓語時，用whom/who/that，關(guān)系代詞可以省略；③在定語從句中作定語時，用whose，關(guān)系代詞不可省略。Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.她就是住在隔壁的那個女孩。（作主語)That'sthegirl(whom/who/that)Iteach.那就是我教的那個女孩。(作賓語)Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.這就是那位成績卓著的科學(xué)家。(作定語)Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.—Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight=Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.這就是昨晚窗戶被打破的那所房子。（作定語）五、which，that的用法區(qū)別1.只用which不用that的情況(1)which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，that則不能Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他沒通過數(shù)學(xué)考試，這令他父親很生氣（2)在介詞提前的定語從句中，只用which而不用that引導(dǎo)。ThisistheplaceinwhichLuXunusedtolive.這是魯迅曾住過的地方。(3)先行詞本身是that或兩個定語從句中的一個已用that，口能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?剛才在天空中閃爍的是什么？2.限制性定語從句中，必須用關(guān)系代詞that的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all，something，everything，anything.nothing,none等時。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么想要為自己說的嗎？Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.你應(yīng)該上交你所有的東西。（2)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly，thevery等詞修飾時。ThisistheverypersonthatI'mwaitingfor.這正是我在等的那個人。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice,我們唯一能做的就是給你一些建議(3)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.這是用來防止污染的最好方式。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.這是我看過的最有趣的電影。(4)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.這是要去蘇州的最后一趟火車。WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?你看過的第一部美國電影是什么？（5）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他們在談?wù)撌裁词虑楹褪裁慈藛?？?）有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which時。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.愛迪生創(chuàng)建了一家工廠，用于生產(chǎn)人們過去從未見過的東西。（7）當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在門口的那個人是誰？六、as，which的用法區(qū)別1.which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句后，as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.她說她已經(jīng)完成了工作，我對此深感懷疑。Asanybodycansee,acomputercandoalmosteverythingpeoplecan.正如人們所看到的那樣，計算機(jī)幾乎能做到人所能做的一切事情。2.當(dāng)非限制性定語從句為否定句或謂語帶的是一個復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)時，常用which引導(dǎo)。HecriticizesMaryinpublic,whichshedoesn'tlikeatall.他公開批評瑪麗，對此她一點(diǎn)兒都不愿意3.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時，as常用于such..as...，so...as...,thesame...as...，as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中。Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些對世界作出重大貢獻(xiàn)的人應(yīng)受到極大的尊重。It'sthesamepersonaswewantedtofindyesterday.我們昨天想要找到的是同一個人。SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所認(rèn)識的女孩都擅長英語。Thereissowarnahouseasweallwanttolivein.這里有如此暖和的一個房子，因此我們都想住在里面。4.在句法上，as常用作一些實義動詞，如see，know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等的賓語，這類動詞與as幾乎成了一種固定搭配。Asweallexpected,theplanturnedouttobeverysuccessful.正如我們所期望的，該計劃很成功。5.引導(dǎo)的從句主要起連接上下文的作用，表達(dá)說話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，意為“正如，正像”。which可導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句，意為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisacountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld.眾所周知，中國是世界上人口最多的國家。Hesoldhisbicycle,whichsurprisedme他把自行車賣了，這使我感到驚奇。語法填空解-常見語法易錯點(diǎn)1：oneof+the+adj最高級+n復(fù)數(shù)。2：todo不定式表目的3：表被動（by提示詞），情態(tài)動詞+V-ed4：（and,but,or并列句）：（一）：詞性---形容詞，副詞，名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)，保持一致（二）：n詞單復(fù)數(shù)（三）：時態(tài)保持一致---最常考過去時5：?？继厥饩湫停陶Z：（一）：Startdoing/starttodosthbegindoing/begintodosth（二）:Itis/was+a/adj+(forsb)+todosth（三）：Avoiddoingstopdoingenjoyoneself6:現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing表主動，過去分詞V-ed表被動7：序數(shù)詞：one,two,three----first,second,third8:結(jié)構(gòu)：the+n.+of9:Adv?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)1：_______+動詞，或者動詞+______.結(jié)構(gòu)2：__________+形容詞。結(jié)構(gòu)3：_______,+一個完整的句子。副詞作狀語，修飾整個句子。10：whatever,whenever,wherever,however引導(dǎo)句子（句子不缺成分）11：Adj?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)：Adj+n.12:人稱代詞：eg:she----考her,hers,herself13:V的否定形式：eg:appear—disagreelike----dislikeAdj的否定形式：eg:possible—impossiblebelievable---unbelievableCareful---carelessspeech---speechless14:?？紩r態(tài)：時間狀語有：recently,already,sofar,yet,lately,inthepast…,by…，for+時間段.考點(diǎn)----用現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone結(jié)構(gòu)（注意：看是不是主動或被動-havebeendone）15:常與比較級連用的詞：even,much,far,thanTodo不定式表目的，往往表示比較級【考點(diǎn)總結(jié)-1】（一）：單詞詞性：1.必考點(diǎn)---連詞，冠詞，名詞，動詞2.?？键c(diǎn)---副詞，形容詞，代詞，介詞，數(shù)詞（二）：句型：必考定語從句，?？紶钫Z從句和名詞性從句（三）：語篇的邏輯關(guān)系：1：短文上下文的時態(tài)是否一致。2：短文上下文代詞是否一致。3：短文上下文的邏輯是否一致。4；短文上下文的單詞詞性，短語搭配，從句的邏輯關(guān)系是否正確?！究键c(diǎn)總結(jié)2-各個擊破】動詞：動詞時態(tài)，語態(tài)，三單，非謂語，主動被動，特殊句中的特殊用法常考：查看時態(tài)是否一致。（二）：形容詞與副詞的誤用。（三）：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。（四）：代詞的誤用。（五）：介詞的誤用、缺少或多余。（六）：時態(tài)的錯誤。（七）：連詞的誤用。（八）：一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。（九）：定語從句中關(guān)系詞的誤用（十）：些常用詞的誤用。（十一）：查連詞結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致。考點(diǎn)單詞過關(guān)-復(fù)習(xí)鞏固1:conversation.n.交談，談話→converse.v.交談2:pronunciation.n.發(fā)音，讀音→pronunce.v.發(fā)音3:patient.adj.有耐心的→patience.n.耐心→patiently.adv.耐心地→patient.n.病人4:expression.n.表情，表達(dá)，表達(dá)方式→express.v.表達(dá)5:discover.v.發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺→discovery.n.發(fā)現(xiàn)6:note.n.筆記，記錄→note.v.注意，指出7:physics.n.物理，物理學(xué)→physical.adj.身體的，身體上的，體能的→physically.adv.體能地，身體上地8:chemistry.n.化學(xué)→chemical.adj.化學(xué)的9:memorize.v.記住，記憶→memory.n.記憶10:increase.v.增加，增長→increasing.adj.增加的，增長的→increasingly.adv.增長地，增加地11:speed.n.速度→speedy.adj.迅速的，速度的12:born.adj.天生的→birth.n.出生，誕生13:activity.n活動→active.adj積極的，活動的→actively.adv積極地14:creative.adj有創(chuàng)造性的→create.v創(chuàng)造→creator.n創(chuàng)造者,造物主→creation.n.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)新15:able.adj可以的，能夠的→ability.n能力→enable.v使能夠→disabled.adj殘疾的16:connect.v.（使）連接，與…….有聯(lián)系→connection.n.聯(lián)系，連接17:review.v.回顧，復(fù)習(xí)→review.n.復(fù)習(xí)，回顧18:wise.adj.明智的，聰明的→wisely.adv.明智地，聰明地19:knowledge.n.知識，學(xué)問→knowledgeable.adj.博學(xué)的，知識淵博的20:stranger.n.陌生人→strange.adj.陌生的，不熟悉的過關(guān)訓(xùn)練1-單句語法填空第一組It’snopleasure________(stay)athomedoinghomeworkallday.Everyday,Isetmyfeelings_______ontheblog,whichismyhobby.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhen______(attack).Therewasonceatime________womenhadnorighttovote.________（ignore）thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.________________(suffer)suchaheavyloss,thebossdidn’thavethecouragetogoonwithhisbusiness.ItwasthefirsttimethatI________________(leave)myparents.(concern)aboutthestudent,theteachercalledhisparentstofindoutwhyhewassooftenabsentfromclass.We’vehadafew(disagree),butwe’restillgoodfriends.Becauseoftheseriousaccident,ittookhimmorethantwoyearstorecoverhisinjury.答案：1.stayingItisnopleasuredoing...做某事不快樂2.down固定詞組setdown寫下，記下=write/take/putdown3.attacked分詞狀語，當(dāng)分詞的動作不是句子主語發(fā)出的用過去分詞，如果是主語發(fā)出的用現(xiàn)在分詞；plants與attack之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。4.when固定句型：Therewasatimewhen...曾有一段時間......5.Ignoring動名詞做主語6.Havingsuffered分詞做狀語，suffer的動作是主語發(fā)出的，且分詞動作在謂語之前發(fā)生，所以用分詞的完成式havingdone的形式。7.hadleft固定句型：Itwasthe+序數(shù)詞+timethat+句子（謂語用過去完成時haddone），如果句型中的was改成is，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。8.Concerned固定詞組beconcernedabout對......擔(dān)心，當(dāng)作狀語時用過去分詞concerned，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句becausehewasconcernedabout....省略了becausehewas(此處涉及到狀語從句的省略：當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語一致時可用將從句的主語和一部分謂語即be省略掉）9.disagreementsafew后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)10.from固定詞組recoverfrom.....從.......恢復(fù)過來第二組單句語法填空1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igotseparatedmyfriends.2.Theboywouldn’tleaveeventhough(ask)totwice.3.Thenumberofpeople,whowalkthedogoutdoors,______(drop)by17percentinthepastyears.4.Ittookhimalongtimebeforeherealizedthathe(base)allhisstatementsonafalsestory.5.Theprofessorcametoourschooltogivelectures________request.6.Thefilmstardislikes(recognize)inpublic,sohehasgottowearsunglasses.7.Iadviseyoutodowhatyouliketokeepcalm,suchlisteningtomusic,doingsportsandsoon.8.Itwasthekingwhocommandedthey(serve)theprincessheartandsoul.9.Friendsplayanimportantpartourlives,althoughwemaytakefriendshipforgranted.10.Theypackeduptheirsuitcasesinthewaytheircoachtoldthem.from固定詞組getseparatedfrom與......分開asked男孩被要求，所以用過去分詞hasdropped時間狀語inthepastyears與現(xiàn)在完成時連用hadbased在賓語從句中，當(dāng)主句是一般過去時，從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，用過去完成時by固定短語應(yīng)......請求beingrecognized空前的dislike后接doing，且被動as固定詞組suchas例如8.（should）serve動詞command后接從句，從句的謂語用shoulddo,should可省9.in詞組playapart/rolein在......扮演角色，起作用10.that定語從句當(dāng)先行詞是theway關(guān)系詞用that/inwhich/不填過關(guān)訓(xùn)練2第一篇

SaiWenglivedontheborderandheraisedhorsesforaliving.Oneday,helostoneofhishorses.After①_____(hear)ofthemisfortune,hisneighborfeltsorryforhimandcametocomforthim.ButSaiWengsimplyasked,"Howcouldweknowitisnotagoodthingforme?"Afterawhile,the②_____(lose)horsereturnedwithanotherbeautifulhorse.TheneighborcameoveragainandcongratulatedSaiWeng

③_____hisgoodfortune.ButSaiWengsimplyasked,"Howcouldweknowitisnotabadthingforme?"Oneday,hissonwentoutfor

④_____ridewiththenewhorse.Hewas⑤_____(violent)thrownfromthehorseandbrokehisleg.Theneighborsonceagainexpressed⑥_____(they)sympathy,hutSaiWengsimplysaid,"Howcouldweknowitisnotagoodthingforme?"Oneyearlater,theEmperor'sarmyarrivedatthevillagetodraftallable-bodiedmentofightinthewar.Becauseofhis⑦_(dá)____(injure),SaiWeng'ssoncouldnotgoofftowar,and⑧_____(spare)fromcertaindeath.Theproverbcanbereadtohavemultiplemeanings

⑨_____itcomestotheconceptofluckandfortune.Theendofthestoryseems⑩_____(suggest)thateverymisfortuneconieswithasilverlining.Butwithinthestoryisalsothesensethatwhatatfirstappearstobegoodluckcancomewithmisfortune.答案：hearing;lost;on;a;violently;their;injury;wasspared;when;tosuggest第二篇Haveyouheardofthe"metaverse"lately?Ithasbeenhardnotto.Facebook'sChiefExecutiveMarkZuckerbergmentionedthelatestbuzzword(熱詞)manytimesonameeting①_____(hold)in2021.ThefutureofFacebook,hesaid,isametaverse—avirtualenvironment

②_____youcanbephysicallypresent(身臨其境)tohangout,playgames,workandcreate.

Buthedidn'tcointheterm.NealStephenson's1992sciencefictionisregardedastheoriginal③_____(inspire)fortheconcept.Techgiantswanttoplayarole—preferablya④_____(lead)one.CompaniesrangingfromIntelCorp.⑤_____UnitySoftwareInc.maderelevantplansin2020.AppleInc.⑥_____(report)tobeworkingonAR(增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實技術(shù))devicesofitsowncurrently.

ButaworldcreatedthroughVRhasplentyofdrawbacks.Thereisstillongoingdebateasto

⑦_(dá)____prolongeduseofVRissafe.Somesuggestparentsavoid⑧_____(expose)childrentoVRastheireyesarestilldeveloping.Plus,thatitstargetusersinteractlittlewithpeopleinreallife⑨_____(cause)concerninthepastfewyears.

Bigtechcompaniescan⑩_____(eventual)buildthemelaverse.Butconsumerswillhavetolookbeforetheyleap.答案：held;where;inspiration;leading;to;isreported;whether;exposing;hascaused;eventually第三篇Ifyoualwayshatecertainvegetables,youmaybemorethanapickyeater.Instead,youmightbea"super-taster",aperson①__________"bittergenes"(苦味基因).Thosepeoplewhohavethe"bittergenes"are2.6timesmorelikelytoeat②__________(few)vegetablesthanothers,accordingtoanewstudy③__________(present)attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanHeartAssociation."Wedon'tgetthetasteoffoodequally,"saidProfessorDuffy,anexpertinthestudyoffoodtaste."Itcouldexplainsomeofthedifferencesinourfood④__________(prefer)."Abouthalfofuscantastebitterandsweet,sowearenotespeciallysensitivetobitterfood.Another25%arecalled"non-tasters",to⑤__________bitterfoodmightactuallybeabitsweeter.Therestofusare⑥__________(extreme)sensitivetothebitternessthatsome⑦_(dá)_________(plant)developtokeepanimalsfromeatingthem.Foodscientistsaretryingtodevelopways⑧__________(reduce)thebitternessinveggies,inthehopethatwecankeep"super-tasters"fromrejectingvegetables.Infact,somevegetableswegrowtoday⑨__________(be)muchsweeterthanbefore.Wemightalsotrytousevariouscookingmethods,eitherbyaddingsomefat,sweetness,strongflavorslikegarlic⑩__________roastingthem,toimprovethetasteofthevegetables.答案：with;fewer;presented;preference;whom;extremely;plants;toreduce;are;or第四篇Amanhadalittledaughter—anonlyandmuch-lovedchild.Helivedforher.Sowhenshebecameill,hebecameacrazyman.He①__________(try)everythingtobringherhealthback.②__________,hiseffortsdidn'tworkandthechilddied.

Thefatherwasheartbrokenanddepressed,③__________(shut)himselfawayfromhisfriendsandrefusingtodoanyactivity

④__________mightbringhimbacktohisnormalself.Onenighthehadadream.Inthedreamhesawagroupoflittlechildren.Theywerewalking

⑤__________aline.Allthechildrenwerewearingwhiteclothesandeachchildcarried

⑥__________candle.Henoticedthatonechild’scandlewasnotlighted.Thenhesawthatthechildwashislittlegirl.Soherushedto⑦_(dá)_________(she)rightaway,