初中定語從句專題講解

定語從句我們先來看下面幾個句子：I‘mlookingforthephotosthatyoutookinAustralia.We,redoingaprojectaboutcountriesthatwewanttovisit.定語的定義：定語是置于名詞或代詞前修飾或限定的句子成分如：Angrybird,abeautifulgirl定語從句的定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句由引導(dǎo)，被修飾的詞叫。定語從句構(gòu)成：.先行詞（引導(dǎo)詞前面的名詞、代詞）.引導(dǎo)詞「關(guān)系代詞that、which、who、which、whose（可作主語、賓語、定語）關(guān)系副詞where,when,why（作狀語）例如： IlikethebooksthatIcanunderstand.定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞（被修飾成分）+關(guān)系詞+從句其他成分課堂鞏固：請分析一下定語從句：（請劃出定語從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞）AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.Youcouldn,tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.Theysaidsomethingthatyoudidn,tlike.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsthatyouhavehadrecently?MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來在定語從句中起引導(dǎo)作用，同時代替先行詞，擔(dān)當(dāng)某一成分。關(guān)系代詞可作主語，賓語，定語；關(guān)系副詞作狀語。.作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：Idon,tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell..作賓語:SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”..作定語：關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：What,sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard..作狀語I,llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法：關(guān)系代詞用法that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Themanthatismendingthemachinehasbeenretired.（that作）Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.（that作）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.（that作）which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.（which作）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.（which作）who指人，在定語從句中作主語，有時也作賓語，作賓語可省略。例如：Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.（who作）Theman（who）youmetjustnowismyfriend.（who作）whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。關(guān)系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who來代替，也可省略。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman（whom/who）wemetatthegate？Mr.Lee（whom/who）youwanttoseehascome.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。例如：Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.其用法可用表格表示為:關(guān)系代詞先行詞關(guān)系詞在從句中成分that人/物主語、賓語which物主語、賓語who人主語、賓語whom人賓語whose人/物定語關(guān)系副詞用法when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。例如：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。例如：ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。例如：Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.其用法可用表格表示為：關(guān)系副詞先行詞關(guān)系詞在從句中成分when表時間時間狀語where表地點地點狀語why表原因原因狀語課堂鞏固：用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whoseThisisthemanwantstoseeyou.ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.ThisisshirtIboughtyesterday.Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword.IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing?Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.

四.定語從句的種類:定語從句*， A f 、限制性定語從句reshMtive| 非限制性定語從旬口口口.restrictive是瓏行端在意更上不可映少的定語，如果去料.本句的宜里越不先裳雌去竟文*i3C#A是瓏行端在意更上不可映少的定語，如果去料.本句的宜里越不先裳雌去竟文*i3C#A句左主向先親十分需知，號時不用逗號分3%和主面笑去不很窘切.只昱對先行詞作盛附加說胭，如果未葬.主曲的查典伊就渣耄.這梯隊句，號時往往遁號分開。]wastheonlypersontb]wastheonlypersontb品￡wrsioiiled.edmvoffice.Jtnny,wiHiwltonii似型?tabi。[頸鼻片Testerda”livesinmyuextruoiu.Themanwhocameliertyesterdayh前Themanwhocameliertyesterdayh前comeamain.TharisMr,Wang,who龔daugh怔匚loachesEngli5h:Hamid(Heschool.注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用th玳，指人時用,h。（主語）"bom（真塔），指物時須用whid）.五.定語從句重要考點：下列情況下關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用which。1),當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代詞修飾時。如：Ididn’tunderstandthewcthdSheIsaid.Iknowallpeoplethatarefromthatvillage.Pleasetakeanyseatthatisfree..先行詞由最高級、序數(shù)詞所修飾。如：ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.Thisisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismorning..先行詞既包括人，也包括物。如：Theyalwaysliketotalkaboutthemanandthethingsthattheyseeontheroad..當(dāng)主句是以which,what或who開頭的特殊疑問句時。如：Whoisthemanthatopenedthedoor?5)當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修飾時。如：ThatistheverybookthatIwaslookingfor.只能用which,不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時。例如:Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.課堂鞏固：1.Thelibrary, ,willopentothepublic.A.whichisblueB.thatisblueC.inwhichisblueD.whoisblue2.Thewonderfulday _Ilikeismybirthday.A.WhenB.whichC.不填D.that3.Hereisthebook youneed.AwhichBthatCwhatDwhom4.That'salltheflowers_mymotherwantstoplant.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat5.Thisisthemostbeautifulplace_ welivedinever.AwhereBwhichCthatDinwhichHewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whom B.whoseC.that D.which六.定語從句解題技巧：.判斷：判斷是否為定語從句.找先行詞：先行詞是物還是人？看沒有被什么修飾？.看引導(dǎo)詞成句成分：關(guān)系詞在成句中是作主語、賓語、定語還是狀語？q.確定引導(dǎo)詞課堂練習(xí)：( )1.havefinishedtheworkcanleave.(2006廣東)A.Thosewho B.Anyone C.Theonewho( )2.Themangaveusatalkonscienceyesterdayisafamousscientist.(2007廣東)

A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whomA.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom( )3.I’veboughtthecamerawasadvertisedonTV(2008廣東)A.what B.why C.which D.who( )4.Paul,suncleisthemantaughtusmathlastyear.(2010廣東)A.where B. which C. who D. when( )5.Thefirstthingmybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter.(2011廣東)A.which B. that C. why D.who( )6.Therewillbe aflower showintheparkwe visited lastweek.(2012廣東)A.who B.whenC.what D.which( )7.TheyoungladyisinterviewingLinZhixuanabouttheprogramIamasingerisfrom21stCenturyTalentNet.(2013廣東)A.who B.whom C.which D.whose課后練習(xí)：( )1.Theboywas here a minuteago ismyfriend-Ted.A.who B. which C.when D. whom( )2.Thisistheroomwelivedlastyear.A.which B. where C.who D. whose( )3.Thisletterisfromtheyoungmanwemetlastmonth.A.which B.when C.where D.whom( )4.Thisistheboytextbookwaslost.A.who B.that C.whose D.which( )5.Thefilmwesawlastnightwaswonderful.A.whom B.who C.which D.when( )6.Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningsofwords.A.that B.when C.where D.whom( )7.ThereisonlyonethingIcando.A.which B.that C.who D.when( )8.Carlstillrememberedtheafternoonhegottothelab.A.where B.which C.when D.that( )9.That,sthereasonIwanttostudyEnglish.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.whyA.whenB.whereC.whatD.why( )10.It,stheEnglishproverb(諺語)mademethinkalot.A.which B.that C.who D.BothAandB( )11.Watchcarefullyeverythingtheteacherwilldo.A.who B.that C.whom D.which( )12.TomalwaysrememberstheteachertaughthimEnglishinhisfirstyear.A.who B.whose C