國際貿(mào)易政策與規(guī)則(Incoterms5)

GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝SellerBuyer2Buyer1GroupD：DAF,DES,DEQ,DDU,DDPFASFOBCFRCIFFCACPTCIPEXWDESDEQDDUDDPDAFINCOTERMS

2000HavebeenreplacedwithDATandDAPinIncoterms?2010.GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝SellerBuyer2Buyer1DeliveredAtFrontier(…namedplace)DAFDeliveryplaceofDAFCouldbeusedforanymodeoftransportGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DeliveredAtFrontier(…namedplace)1.“DeliveredAtFrontier”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhen

thegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportnotunloaded,clearedforexport,butnotclearedforimport

atthenamedpointandplaceatthefrontier,butbeforethecustomsborderoftheadjoiningcountry.2.Theterm“Frontier”maybeusedforanyfrontierincludingthatofthecountryofexport.Therefore,itisofvitalimportancethatthefrontierinquestionbedefinedpreciselybyalwaysnamingthepointandplaceintheterm.ObligationSellerBuyerNoticetimeofdispatchofthegoodstothenamedplaceatthefrontierdeliverytimeand/orpointatthenamedplaceifheisentitledtodeterminethoseDeliveryplacethegoods(notunloaded)atthedisposalofthebuyeratthenamedplaceonthedateorwithintheagreedperiodtakedeliveryofthegoodswhentheyhavebeendeliveredasagreed(Whendotheriskstransfertothebuyer?)Carriage&insurancetakeallcostsoftransport(towhere?)Noobligation(Why?)Documents&paymentCommercialinvoice,proofofdelivery,evidenceofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractifrequiredbyit.(orEDI)Acceptthedocumentsiftheyareinconformitywiththesalescontractandotherrelevantagreements.Paythepriceasprovidedinthesalescontract.CustomsclearanceExportclearanceImportclearanceGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝ObligationsoftheSeller/BuyerGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝

俄羅斯A商與我國B商簽訂了一份向我國出口礦產(chǎn)品的合同，合同使用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語是DAF滿洲里，并規(guī)定賣方于當(dāng)年11－12月份分批交貨。合同履行過程中，有幾批貨物B商在次年的1月份才收到。

B商認(rèn)為賣方交貨延遲，遂向A商索賠；而A商認(rèn)為他是在12月份發(fā)的貨，交貨并沒有延遲，故拒絕承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

問：法院該如何判決本案？為什么？DAF合同案例GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝SellerBuyer2Buyer1DeliveredExShip

(…namedportofdestination)DESDeliveryplaceofDESGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DeliveredExShip

(…namedportofdestination)1.“DeliveredExShip”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhen

thegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeronboardtheshipnotclearedforimportatthenamedportofdestination.2.Ifthepartieswishthesellertobearthecostsandrisksofdischargingthegoods,thentheDEQtermshouldbeused.3.Thistermcanbeusedonlywhenthegoodsaretobedelivered

byseaorinlandwaterwayormultimodaltransportonavesselintheportofdestination.ObligationSellerBuyerNoticetheestimatedtimeofarrivalofthenominatedvesseldeliverytimeand/orpointinthenamedportofdestinationifheisentitledtodeterminethoseDeliveryplacethegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyeronboardinthenamedportofdestinationonthedateorwithintheagreedperiodtakedeliveryofthegoodswhentheyhavebeendeliveredasagreed(Whendotheriskstransfertothebuyer?)Carriage&insurancetakeallcostsoftransport(towhere?)Noobligation(Why?)Documents&paymentCommercialinvoice,trans-portdocumentand/ordeliveryorder,evidenceofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractifrequiredbyit.(orEDI)Acceptthedocumentsiftheyareinconformitywiththesalescontractandotherrelevantagreements.Paythepriceasprovidedinthesalescontract.CustomsclearanceExportclearanceImportclearanceGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝ObligationsoftheSeller/BuyerGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DES術(shù)語與CIF術(shù)語的區(qū)別①風(fēng)險劃分界限不同：DES下為“目的港船上”，而CIF下是“裝運港船舷”；②交貨方式(或交貨性質(zhì)）不同：DES術(shù)語下是實際交貨，賣方要保證按時到貨，而CIF術(shù)語下是象征性交貨，賣方不保證到貨；③交貨地點不同：DES術(shù)語下是在目的港交貨，而CIF術(shù)語下是在裝運港交貨；④卸貨費用的負(fù)擔(dān)不同：DES術(shù)語下一般由買方卸貨支付卸貨費用，而CIF術(shù)語下則根據(jù)不同的變形有不同的劃分。GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝SellerBuyer2Buyer1DeliveredExQuay

(…namedportofdestination)DEQDeliveryplaceofDEQGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DeliveredExQuay(…namedportofdestination)1.“DeliveredExQuay”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhen

thegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyernotclearedforimportonthequayatthenamedportofdestination.2.Thesellerhastobearcostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationanddischargingthegoodsonthequay.3.Thistermcanbeusedonlywhenthegoodsaretobedelivered

byseaorinlandwaterwayormultimodaltransport

ondischargingfromavesselontothequayintheportofdestination.GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DEQ術(shù)語1.賣方于交貨期之內(nèi)在指定的目的港碼頭將貨物置于買方控制之下完成交貨義務(wù)（賣方要預(yù)先通知買方載貨船舶預(yù)計到港的時間，買方要按時去接貨）。2.DEQ術(shù)語與DES術(shù)語比較，賣方的責(zé)任又向前延伸，賣方要負(fù)責(zé)把貨物從船上卸到碼頭上，承擔(dān)卸貨費用和風(fēng)險。

GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DEQ術(shù)語《2000通則》與《1990通則》對DEQ術(shù)語的不同解釋：（1）《1990通則》：進(jìn)口報關(guān)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)

（2）《2000通則》：進(jìn)口報關(guān)由買方負(fù)責(zé)如果想讓賣方辦，應(yīng)在合同中訂明GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝SellerBuyer2Buyer1DeliveredDutyUnpaid

(…namedplaceofdestination)DDUDeliveryplaceofDDUCouldbeusedforanymodeoftransportGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DeliveredDutyUnpaid

(…namedplaceofdestination)“DeliveredDutyUnpaid”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothebuyer,notclearedforimportandnotunloadedfromanyarrivingmeansoftransportatthenamedplaceofdestination.Thesellerhasto

bearthecostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthereto,otherthan,whereapplicable,any“duty”forimportinthecountryofdestination.

賣方在合同規(guī)定的期限、在目的地指定地點，將貨物置于買方處置之下即完成交貨，不負(fù)責(zé)卸貨，不負(fù)擔(dān)任何進(jìn)口關(guān)稅。GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DDU術(shù)語DDU與DEQ相比，賣方多了一段進(jìn)口國國內(nèi)運輸?shù)呢?zé)任（承擔(dān)一切風(fēng)險和費用）。DDU術(shù)語下，從賣方所在地至進(jìn)口國內(nèi)指定交貨地點之間各環(huán)節(jié)的工作，除了進(jìn)口報關(guān)的費用和風(fēng)險由買方負(fù)擔(dān)之外，其余所有風(fēng)險和費用都由賣方承擔(dān)。DDU術(shù)語比較適于關(guān)稅同盟（自由貿(mào)易區(qū)）內(nèi)部國與國之間的貿(mào)易。SellerBuyer2Buyer1DeliveredDutyPaid

(…namedplaceofdestination)DDPDeliveryplaceofDDPCouldbeusedforanymodeoftransportGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DeliveredDutyPaid

(…namedplaceofdestination)“DeliveredDutyPaid”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothebuyer,clearedforimportandnotunloadedfromanyarrivingmeansoftransportatthenamedplaceofdestination.Thesellerhastobearallthecostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthereto

including,whereapplicable,any“duty”forimport

inthecountryofdestination.

賣方在合同規(guī)定的期限和目的地指定地點，將貨物置于買方處置之下即完成交貨，不負(fù)責(zé)卸貨,但是要負(fù)責(zé)進(jìn)口報關(guān)（承擔(dān)風(fēng)險和費用）。GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DDP術(shù)語DDP與DDU相比，賣方責(zé)任多了一個進(jìn)口報關(guān)（承擔(dān)風(fēng)險和費用）。DDP術(shù)語下，從賣方所在地至進(jìn)口國內(nèi)指定交貨地點之間跟貨物有關(guān)的一切風(fēng)險和費用都由賣方承擔(dān)。該術(shù)語下賣方的責(zé)任最大，買方的責(zé)任最小，對于買方而言，類似于國內(nèi)貿(mào)易。如果賣方無能力在進(jìn)口國做進(jìn)口報關(guān)，要避免使用DDP術(shù)語，可以選用DDU術(shù)語來代替。ObligationSellerBuyerNoticetimeofdispatchofthegoodstothenamedplaceofdestinationdeliverytimeand/orpointatthenamedplaceifheisentitledtodeterminethoseDeliveryplacethegoods(notunloaded)atthedisposalofthebuyeratthenamedplaceonthedateorwithintheagreedperiodtakedeliveryofthegoodswhentheyhavebeendeliveredasagreed(Whendotheriskstransfertothebuyer?)Carriage&insurancetakeallcostsoftransport(towhere?)Noobligation(Why?)Documents&paymentCommercialinvoice,trans-portdocumentand/ordeliveryorder,evidenceofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractifrequiredbyit.(orEDI)Acceptthedocumentsiftheyareinconformitywiththesalescontractandotherrelevantagreements.Paythepriceasprovidedinthesalescontract.CustomsclearanceExport&ImportclearanceNoobligationGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝ObligationsoftheSeller/BuyerGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝貿(mào)易術(shù)語小結(jié)SellerBuyer2Buyer1FASFOBCFRCIFFCACPTCIPEXWDESDEQDDUDDPDAF工廠交貨貨交承運人裝運港交貨目的港交貨進(jìn)口國內(nèi)地交貨邊境交貨INCOTERMS

2000組別簡稱英文全稱中文全稱交貨地點風(fēng)險劃分界限運輸保險出口報關(guān)進(jìn)口報關(guān)適用的運輸方式合同性質(zhì)E組EXWExWorks(namedplace)工廠交貨賣方工廠或賣方倉庫所在地貨交買方處置買方買方買方買方任何方式產(chǎn)地交貨合同F(xiàn)組FCAFASFOBFreeCarrier(namedplace)FreeAlongsideShip(namedportofshipment)FreeOnBoard(namedportofshipment)貨交承運人（…指定地點）裝運港船邊交貨（…指定裝運港）裝運港船上交貨（…指定裝運港）出口國內(nèi)地或港口裝運港口（船邊）裝運港口（船上）貨交承運人裝運港船邊裝運港船舷買方買方買方買方買方買方賣方賣方賣方買方買方買方任何方式水上運輸水上運輸裝運合同GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝小結(jié)INCOTERMS

2000組別簡稱英文全稱中文全稱交貨地點風(fēng)險劃分界限運輸保險出口報關(guān)進(jìn)口報關(guān)適用的運輸方式合同性質(zhì)C組CFRCIFCPTCIPCostandFreight(namedportofdestination)Cost,InsuranceandFreight(namedportofdestination)CarriagePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)CarriageandInsurancePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)成本加運費（…指定目的港）成本加運保費（…指定目的港）運費付至（…指定目的地）運保費付至（…指定目的地）裝運港口裝運港口出口國內(nèi)地或港口出口國內(nèi)地或港口裝運港船舷裝運港船舷貨交承運人貨交承運人賣方賣方賣方賣方買方賣方買方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方買方買方買方買方水上運輸水上運輸任何方式任何方式裝運合同GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝小結(jié)INCOTERMS

2000組別簡稱英文全稱中文全稱交貨地點風(fēng)險劃分界限運輸保險出口報關(guān)進(jìn)口報關(guān)適用的運輸方式合同性質(zhì)D組DAFDESDEQDDUDDPDeliveredAtFrontier(namedplace)DeliveredExShip(namedportofdestination)DeliveredExQuay(namedportofdestination)DeliveredDutyUnpaid(namedplaceofdestination)

DeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)邊境交貨（…指定地點）目的港船上交貨（…指定目的港）目的港碼頭交貨（…指定目的港）未完稅交貨（…指定目的地）完稅后交貨（…指定目的地）邊境指定地點目的港（船上）目的港（碼頭）目的地（指定地點）目的地（指定地點）貨交買方目的港船上貨交買方目的港碼頭貨交買方貨交買方貨交買方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方賣方買方買方買方買方賣方任何方式水上運輸水上運輸任何方式任何方式到貨合同GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝小結(jié)INCOTERMS

2000GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝SellerBuyer2Buyer1DeliveredAtPlace

(insertnamedplaceofdestination)DAPDeliveryplaceofDAPCouldbeusedforanymodeoftransportIncoterms?2010GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DeliveredAtPlaceDAP(insertnamedplaceofdestination)

Incoterms?2010GUIDENCENOTETheseller’sobligationA1—A10Thebuyer’sobligationB1–B10Incoterms?2010GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝GUIDENCENOTE

(1)Thisrulemaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransportselectedandmayalsobeusedwheremorethanonemodeoftransportisemployed.“DeliveredAtPlace”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyer

onthearrivingmeansoftransport

readyforunloading

atthenamedplaceofdestination.Thesellerbearsallrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodstothenamedplace.Incoterms?2010DAPGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝GUIDENCENOTE

(2)Thepartiesarewelladvisedtospecifyasclearlyaspossiblethepointwithintheagreedplaceofdestination,astheriskstothatpointarefortheaccountoftheseller.Thesellerisadvisedtoprocurecontractsofcarriagethatmatchthischoiceprecisely.Ifthesellerincurscostsunderitscontractofcarriagerelatedtounloadingattheplaceofdestination,thesellerisnotentitledtorecoversuchcostsfromthebuyerunlessotherwiseagreedbetweentheparties.Incoterms?2010DAPGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝GUIDENCENOTE

(3)DAPrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport,whereapplicable.However,thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.Ifthepartieswishthesellertoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyandcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities,theDDPtermshouldbeused.Incoterms?2010DAPGDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DAP報價舉例……..UNITPRICE:DAPCHICAGO

Incoterms?2010

300

USD

PERSET……..

GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝SellerBuyer2Buyer1DeliveredAtTerminal

(insertnamedterminalatportorplaceofdestination)DATDeliveryplaceofDATCouldbeusedforanymodeoftransportIncoterms?2010GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝DeliveredAtTerminalDAT(insertnamedterminalatportorplaceofdestination)

Incoterms?2010GUIDENCENOTETheseller’sobligationA1—A10Thebuyer’sobligationB1–B10Incoterms?2010GDUFSLIANGZHIZHANG廣外大張靚芝GUIDENCENOTE

(1)Thisrulemaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransportselectedandmayalsobeusedwheremorethanonemodeoftransportisemployed.“DeliveredAtTerminal”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsonceunloadedfromthearrivingmeansoftransport,areplacedatthedisposalofthebuyer

atanamedterminalatthenamedportorplaceofdestination.“Terminal”includesanyplace,whethercoveredornot,suchasaquay,warehouse,contain