初三年級英語朱熹是怎樣讀書的

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朱熹是南宋時期理學(xué)大家，又是著名的教導(dǎo)家。他一生大片面時間都在讀書和教書，提出過大量精辟的見解。他死后不久，弟子們將他的讀書閱歷歸納為六條，稱為“朱子讀書法”，對于今人，仍有啟示和借鑒的作用。

ZhuXiwasagreatmasterofNeoConfucianismandafamouseducatorintheSouthernSongDynasty.Hespentmostofhislifereadingandteaching,andputforwardmanybrilliantideas.Soonafterhisdeath,thedisciplessummeduphisreadingexperienceintosixpieces,called"ZhuZi"sreadingmethod",whichstillhasenlightenmentandreferencefortoday"speople.

第一，循序漸進。朱熹說：“讀書之法，莫貴于循守而致精?！笔裁词茄驖u進？就是說，讀書要有個先后依次，讀通一書，再讀一書。就讀一書而言，那么要逐字逐句逐段按依次讀，先讀的未弄通，就不能讀后面的。這樣才不會生吞活剝或雜亂無章。朱熹還進一步指出，讀書要從易到難，從淺到深，從近到遠(yuǎn)，急不得，也慢不得?！八^急不得者，成果不成急；

所謂不成慢者，工夫不成慢。”這是在告被讀書人既不成急于求成，也不成松松垮垮，而要進度適當(dāng)，方能見效。

First,stepbystep.ZhuXisaid:"thelawofreadingisnottobevaluedforfollowingtherulesandachievingperfection."Whatisstepbystep?Thatistosay,thereshouldbeasequenceinreading,readingonebookandreadinganother.Toreadabook,weshouldreaditwordbyword,sentencebysentence,paragraphbyparagraph,andinorder.Ifwedon"tgetthroughwhatwereadfirst,wecan"treadwhatwereadlater.Inthisway,itwillnotbeeatenaliveordisorderly.ZhuXifurtherpointedoutthatreadingshouldbefromeasytodifficult,fromshallowtodeep,fromneartofar,neitherurgentnorslow."Theso-calledurgent,theeffectcannotbeurgent;theso-calledcannotslow,workcannotslow."Thisistoinformthereadersthattheyshouldneitherrushforsuccessnorslackendown,butthattheycanonlyachieveresultswithproperprogress.

其次，熟讀精恩。他認(rèn)為有些人讀書收效不大，是由于在“熟”和“精”二字上下功夫不夠。他還批評那種讀書貪多的傾向，一再講“讀書不成貪多，且要精熟。如今日看得一板，且看半板，將那精力來更看前半板”。

Second,readJingencarefully.Hethinksthatsomepeople"sineffectivereadingisduetotheirlackofeffortsintheword"familiar"and"refined".Healsocriticizesthetendencytoreadtoomuch,sayingagainandagain,"donotreadtoomuch,andbeproficient.".Ifyoucanseeoneboardtoday,justlookatthehalfboardandseethefirsthalfoftheboardmorewiththatenergy.".

第三，虛心涵泳。朱熹曾批評當(dāng)時普遍存在的兩種毛?。阂皇恰爸魉揭狻?，就是以自己的想法去揣測書中的道理，穿鑿附會，歪曲了古人本來意思。二是“舊有先人之說”，就是從前采納的觀點不愿放棄，從而排斥采納新的觀點。

Third,swimmingwithmodesty.ZhuXioncecriticizedtwokindsofcommondefectsatthattime:oneis"master"sprivatewill",whichistoguessthetruthinthebookwithhisownideas,todistorttheoriginalmeaningoftheancients.Thesecondis"theoldsayingofancestors",thatis,thepreviouslyacceptedviewsarenotwillingtogiveup,soastoexcludetheacceptanceofnewviews.

為了校正以上這兩種不好的毛病，朱熹看法讀書務(wù)必虛懷若谷，靜心思慮，悉心體會本意。朱熹強調(diào)讀書要細(xì)心“涵泳”，就是要反復(fù)咀嚼，深刻體會行中的旨趣。

Inordertocorrecttheabovetwokindsofbadfaults,ZhuXiadvocatedthatreadingshouldbeopen-minded,thoughtfulandfullyawareoftheauthor"soriginalintention.ZhuXistressedthatreadingshouldbepatient,thatis,tochewrepeatedlyanddeeplyunderstandthepurportofdoing.

第四，切已體察。朱熹看法“讀書窮理，當(dāng)體之于身”。什么叫“體之于分”？就是要心領(lǐng)神會，身體力行。從讀書法的角度來看，朱熹強調(diào)讀書務(wù)必聯(lián)系自己，()聯(lián)系實際，將學(xué)到的理論轉(zhuǎn)化為行動，這個觀點是可取的。

Fourth,wemustbeawareofit.ZhuXiadvocatedthat"readingispoor,andlearningshouldbebasedonthebody".Whatis"thebodyisdivided"?It"saboutunderstandingandpracticing.Fromthepointofviewofreadingmethod,ZhuXistressedthatreadingmustbeconnectedwithhimselfandpractice,andthetheorylearnedshouldbetransformedintoaction.

第五，著緊用力?！爸o用力”包含有兩個意思：一是指時間上要抓緊，要“饑忘食，渴忘飲，始得。”二是指精神上要振作．要有剛毅堅決，發(fā)憤英勇的精神。“如撐上水船，一篙不成放緩?！?/p>

Fifth,tightenup."Tightandforceful"includestwomeanings:first,weshouldgraspthetimeand"forgettoeatwhenhungry,forgettodrinkwhenthirsty."Second,weneedtobespirituallyactive,resoluteandcourageous."Ifyouembarkonawaterboat,youcan"tslowdownapenny."

第六，居敬持志。所謂居敬持志，就是讀書務(wù)必精神專一，全神貫注，還要有遠(yuǎn)大的志向，頑強的毅力。這也是朱熹讀書之法的最根本精神。

Sixth,respectandholdth