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SectionⅣGrammar&Writingit用法(Ⅱ)閱讀下列句子,并體會黑體部分的用法1.Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.2.ItwasascientistcalledCharlesKeeling,whomadeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997.3.Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分(1)此結(jié)構(gòu)中it沒有詞匯意義,只是引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。(2)此強(qiáng)調(diào)句型只能強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語,不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。(3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞時用who/that,而被強(qiáng)調(diào)是其他時(事物、時間、地點等)只能用that。ItwasJohnwho/thatboughtanoldbikeyesterdayinamarketplace.是約翰昨天在市場上買了輛舊自行車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)ItwasanoldbikethatJohnboughtyesterdayinamarketplace.昨天約翰在市場上買的是輛舊自行車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)ItwasyesterdaythatJohnboughtanoldbikeinamarketplace.約翰是昨天在市場上買了輛舊自行車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語)ItwasinamarketplacethatJohnboughtanoldbikeyesterday.昨天約翰是在市場上買了輛舊自行車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點狀語)Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver.正是因為水漲了,他們沒能過河。(強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句)2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句式和特殊疑問句式(1)一般疑問句式:Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分?WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied?他是二戰(zhàn)期間死亡的嗎?(2)特殊疑問句式:特殊疑問詞+is/wasit+that+其他成分?Whyisitthatyouputoffthemeeting?你為什么推遲會議呢?Wherewasitthatyoulostyourcar?你是在哪兒丟的車?3.對not...until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”在這一固定句型中,由于not已經(jīng)前移,that后只能用肯定形式。Hedidn'tgotobeduntilteno'clock.→Itwasnotuntilteno'clockthathewenttobed.直到10點他才睡覺。Ididn'trealizeituntilIgotoffthebus.→ItwasnotuntilIgotoffthebusthatIrealizedit.直到下車之后我才意識到這事。4.使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的幾個注意事項(1)若被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是主語,who/that之后的謂語動詞應(yīng)該在人稱和數(shù)上與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.是他經(jīng)常幫我學(xué)英語。Itistreesthatweplantonthehillsideeveryyear.我們每年都在山坡上種的是樹。(2)若被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是作主語的代詞,用主格;若是作賓語的代詞,則用賓格。Itwashethathelpedmeyesterday.昨天幫我的人是他。Itwasmethathehelpedyesterday.他昨天幫的人是我。(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只用兩種時態(tài),即一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進(jìn)行時,用Itwas...that/who...,其余的時態(tài)用Itis...that/who...。Itisyouwho/thataretoblame.是你該受到指責(zé)。[名師點津]強(qiáng)調(diào)句型最容易與定語從句、主語從句和狀語從句等混淆,區(qū)分它們的關(guān)鍵在于:如果把句子中的Itis/was和that/who去掉,剩下的部分還是一個完整的句子,并且句子意思依然完整,則此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;否則,應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析句子,判斷該句是何種從句。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Itwasatmidnightshewaswokenupbyaphonecall.2.Itwasbecauseofthemostbeautifulvillageteacher—XiaoShan'sstrongdeterminationheformedthewomanfootballteaminthepoorarea.3.Itiseitherheoryouwhoinchargeoftheprojectandsupposedtofinishitpunctually.4.Hewassobusyyesterdaythatitwasnotuntillateatnighthefinishedhiswork.5.—IwonderitisthatmakesthevideoGangnamStylesopopular.—Theuniquedancemovesandfunnyhorseridingscenes.【答案】Ⅱ.完成句子1.我已經(jīng)二十年沒見他了。It'stwentyyearssince.2.昨天晚上直到11點鐘我父親才回來。Itwasthatmyfatherreturnedlastnight.3.你是在哪里找到你丟的書的?thatyoufoundyourlostbook?4.是這個小男孩打破了這位老太太的一扇窗戶。Itisthelittleboyawindowoftheoldlady.5.在早上五點鐘他就動身了。Itthathesetoff.【答案】haveseenhimuntil11o'clockisitwhohasbrokenat5o'clockinthemorning如何寫英文海報海報是向大眾發(fā)布某種消息的布告。海報的形式多為招聘廣告、活動宣傳和人物介紹。英文海報的內(nèi)容常為球訊、影訊、商業(yè)報道、展覽會、報告會、專題講座等。1.海報的結(jié)構(gòu)。海報一般由標(biāo)題、正文和落款三部分組成。(1)標(biāo)題。在第一行的正中間寫上“POSTER”字樣,接著在第二行即“POSTER”下面寫上活動的具體名稱或活動的內(nèi)容。如:Anexcitingfootballmatch(2)正文。在第三行空4個字母格寫正文,為一段。海報的正文要求寫清楚以下內(nèi)容:第一,活動的目的和意義。第二,活動的主要項目、時間、地點等。第三,參加的具體方法及一些必要的注意事項等。(3)落款。要求寫上主辦單位的名稱及海報的發(fā)文日期。2.海報寫作的注意事項。(1)時態(tài):用一般將來時和一般現(xiàn)在時。(2)語言:海報文字要求簡潔明了,篇幅要短小精悍,文中可以用些鼓動性的詞語,但不可夸大其詞。(3)要求:海報一定要具體真實地寫明活動的時間、地點、主要內(nèi)容、參加規(guī)定及主辦單位。[亮點句式]1.We'llhaveashow/footballmatchonJuly16th.2.Thereisapieceofnewsthatwe'llholda...+地點+時間.3.Wehopetoraisemoneytohelpthepoorchildren...4.Itwillbeheld...Thematchwillbewonderful.5.Youcanbuyticketsin...andthepriceis2yuanforeach.6.Bythen,somenewclothesareeven50%youspendmorethan100yuanatonetime,youcangetapresent.7.Allarewarmlywelcome.8.Everyoneiswelcome.9.Catchthechance,oryouwillregret.10.Signupandhaveagoodtime.[寫作任務(wù)]請根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容寫一篇海報。全球變暖問題越來越引起人們的關(guān)注,它所產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重后果也逐漸為人所知。為此,你校學(xué)生會特意邀請了環(huán)保專家來校舉辦講座,專門就全球變暖問題產(chǎn)生的原因、后果,以及中學(xué)生如何應(yīng)對全球變暖問題等將進(jìn)行論述,并在演講結(jié)束后回答同學(xué)們的提問。時間:星期三8:00a.m.~11:00a.m.地點:大廳[審題謀篇]體裁海報話題環(huán)保講座時態(tài)一般將來時人稱第二人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1.舉辦講座2.原因和影響3.導(dǎo)致4.處理,對付5.在……結(jié)尾【答案】alectureandeffectto/contributeto/resultinwith/dealwiththeendof...Ⅱ.句式1.TheStudents'UnionofourschoolwillorganizeaLectureonGlobalWarmingintheauditoriumonWednesday,December20,2023from8:00a.11:00a.m.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞)AlectureonGlobalWarmingbytheStudents'UnionofourschoolintheauditoriumonWednesday,December20,2023from8:00a.11:00a.m.2.Anexpertworkingfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.(用定語從句改寫句子)【答案】;will;be;givenexpertwhoworksfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】ALectureonGlobalWarmingorganizedbytheStudents'UnionofourschoolwillbegivenintheauditoriumonWednesday,December20,2023from8:00a.11:00a.expertworkingfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.Besides,hewilltellusmiddleschoolstudentswhatwecandowiththetheendofthespeech,wecanaskhimanyquestionconcerningglobalthestudentsinourschoolarewelcomedtoattendthislecture.Students'Union學(xué)業(yè)分層測評(十二)Ⅰ.完成句子1.是她建議他去北京深造。suggestedthathegotoBeijingforfurtherstudy.2.直到他開始在那家公司工作時,他才遇到他想娶的女孩。inthatcompanythathemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.3.我們都知道,不是我們讀了多少書,而是我們讀的內(nèi)容才是重要的。Asweallknow,itisnothowmuchwereadbutwhatweread.4.人們似乎已經(jīng)忘了到底是在多少年之前在那里建造了這些發(fā)電站。Peopleseemedtohaveforgottenthatthepowerstationswerebuiltthere.5.我們是在我們以前生活過的村子相識的。Itwasinthevillagewhichweusedtoliveineachother.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號:33100042】【答案】wasshewho/thatwasnotuntilhebegantoworkisimportantmanyyearsagoitwaswegottoknowⅡ.閱讀理解Americanswon'tlivewithoutcars!Eachyearthereisanincreasingnumberofcarsonroadsandstreets,asmillionsofnewcarsareofeverysixAmericansworkatputtingtogetherthepartsofcars,drivingtrucks,buildingroadsorfillingcarswithgas.MostAmericansfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldbewithouta,somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemofairpollutionbypollutedairispoisonousanddangeroustohealth.Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistodesignanewcarthatdoesnot'swhatseverallargecarfactoriesaretryingtotobuildthenewcariseasiersaidthaninthisfieldhasbeenslow.Anotherwayistotakeplaceofthecarenginebysomethingarenowworkingonsomenewmakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopapracticalmodelthatpleasesman.Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars,we'llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofus,forexample,havetocutdownthenumberoftheircarstheyareencouragedtotravelandgotoworkbyabikeisthoughttohelpkeeptheairclean.Butthischangedoesnotcomelargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithnojobsifacarfactoryclosestheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment.1.Largecarfactoriesaretryingtobuildacleancar,.A.whichiscleanitselfB.whichisusedtocleanstreetsC.whichdoesnotpollutetheairD.whichiseasiertomake【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段提到“Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistodesignanewcarthatdoesnotpollute.”擺脫空氣污染的一個方法就是設(shè)計一種新型的無污染的汽車,故選C項?!敬鸢浮緾2.Ifthenumberofcarsiscutdown,themostseriousprobleminAmericanworkersis.A.tohavenoworktodoB.tokeeptheaircleanC.togetabetterlifeD.togotoworkbybike【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段提到“Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithnojobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.”如果汽車廠關(guān)門的話,許多的工人會失業(yè),故選A項。【答案】A3.Whatistheconclusionofthewriter?A.Bicyclingistheonlywayout.B.Thenumberofcarsmustbecutdown.C.Carsbringusnothingbutseriousproblems.D.Carsbringusnotonlyabetterlifebutseriousproblems.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到“MostAmericansfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldbewithoutacar.”美國人發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有車生活會變得很困難,故可知汽車非常重要,再根據(jù)“However,somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemofairpollutionbycars.”提到可知汽車也帶來了很多的污染問題,故選D項?!敬鸢浮緿Ⅲ.語法填空(2023·山西太原高二模擬)Sometimeago,SophiaandI1.(visit)somefriendsinthewerestayingatabeautifullittlecabin2.(surround)byfruittrees,flowersandevenafewabovethedoorwayinbrightlycoloredletterswerethewords.Yourmindisathoughtsaretheseeds,youcangrowflowersoryoucangrowweeds.Littledidweknowitatthetime,3.thislittlepoemwastohaveagreateffectonourthoughts.Itstartedalmostasakindofdecidedtomakearealefforttowatchourthoughtsandseeexactly4.itwasthatwewereplantinginourown“mindgarden”.Wecametoseehowsomanyoftheproblemsanddifficultiesinourliveshadtheirbeginningsintheseedsofdoubt,fearandanxiety,5.wewerecontinuallyplantinginourminds.Aswebecamemoreandmoreawareofthesenegativethoughts,wesaid,“No,Iwon'tplanttheweedinthegardenofmywillchoosetoplantsomething6.(good).Itisnecessarytopulloutandthrowawaythoseseedsoffear,doubtandanxietyassoonastheyyoustarttoplantsomethinginyourown“mindgarden”,youwill7.(true)beamazedatthechanges,whichbegintohappeninyourlife.Love,happinessandtranquility(寧靜)canspread8.peoplewhokeep9.(plant)theseseedsinthegardensoftheirmindsarealsoplantingthemin10.(other).Remember:Yourmindisathoughtsaretheseeds,youcangrowflowersoryoucangrowweeds.1.【解析】由前文Sometimeago可知用一般過去時?!敬鸢浮縱isited2.【解析】abeautifullittlecabin與surround為被動關(guān)系。【答案】surrounded3.【解析】前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?!敬鸢浮縝ut4.【解析】what引導(dǎo)表語從句,且在從句中作was的表語?!敬鸢浮縲hat5.【解析】which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面內(nèi)容?!敬鸢浮縲hich6.【解析】意思指“比前面更好”。【答案】better7.【解析】副詞修飾動詞?!敬鸢浮縯ruly8.【解析】among“在……之間”。【答案】among9.【解析】keepdoing“持續(xù)干某事”?!敬鸢浮縫lanting10.【解析】其他人的心中,相當(dāng)于thegardensofothers'minds?!敬鸢浮縪thers'Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whenaconsumerfindsthatsomethingheorsheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptowhattheproducersaysforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty(保單),oranyotherrecordsthatmighthelp,atthestoreofbuying.Inmostcases,thisactionwillproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumermayusetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the“higherup”theconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itisusuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavour,takingitastruethatheorshehasajustright.Consumersshouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceofbuying,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhentheconsumercanshowclearlywhatiswrongwithwhatwasboughtinquestion.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,“Thel
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