動(dòng)詞不定式 語法歸納 人教版八年級英語上冊

?動(dòng)詞不定式語法歸納?Teacher:Yolanda楊什么是不定式不定是“不受限定”的意思，不受主語單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)、人稱（第一人稱，第二人稱，第三人稱）及時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)的限定?；拘问剑簍o+動(dòng)詞原形,即todo.有時(shí)可省略to.（to不是介詞）不定式的用法不能作謂語。（但可以擔(dān)任除謂語外的任何成分——主語、表語、賓語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。）考點(diǎn)一：作主語。（1）位于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞用“第三人稱單數(shù)”。Todanceisalotoffun.當(dāng)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意愿，也為了避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語，不定式做真正主語，并后置。TolearnEnglishwellisimportantforus=ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.【句型】Itisadj.forsb.todosth._____________________________________(填漢語意思)?請完成下列練習(xí)。Ittookmetwoweeks______redingthenovelswrittenbyHaimingwei.FinishB.tofinishC.finishesD.finishingIt’sagoodhabit__________everyday.tokeepdoingexercisetostayuplatetomakemuchnoisetoeattoomuch考點(diǎn)二：作賓語用在及物動(dòng)詞后，作賓語?！局?謂語+todo】這類動(dòng)詞有wouldlike,want,wish,_________（希望）,____________(決定)__________(打算)，___________(期望)，__________(承諾)等。@我的反思：這類詞通常表示______________________.例：Iwouldliketoseeafilmthisevening.我今晚想看電影?！焖儆洝欤合胍獙W(xué)習(xí)就努力（want,learn,try）要幫助并同意（need,help,agree/refuse）答應(yīng)記得別忘記（promise,remember,forget）喜歡決定后開始（like,decide,begin）（2）It作形式賓語，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正賓語。【主語+謂語+it+adj+todo】這類的謂語：（find/think/feel/make）例：Ifinditnoteasytorideabike.在動(dòng)詞know,learn,tell,teach后，接“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。Idon’tknowwhattodonext.我不知道下一步做什么。CanyoutellmehowtolearnEnglishwell??請完成下列練習(xí)。Mr.Zhouisgoodatcookingandhewasdecided_______hisownrestaurant.openB.openedC.toopenD.openingMydadboughtmeanewMP4,butIdon’tknow___________.WhattouseB.whichonetouseC.howtouseitD.whentouseTomrefused___________(go)backintothehospital.湯姆拒絕再進(jìn)醫(yī)院。Hetried_________________(control)hisvoice.他盡量控制自己的聲音。Ifinditrelaxing_____________(listen)tosomemusicafterwork.Hisbrokenlegmadeitdifficultforhim____________.WalkedB.towalkC.walkD.walking考點(diǎn)三：作賓語不足語【主語+謂語+sb.+todo】①此類謂語動(dòng)詞有：ask,tell,want,wish,expect,invite例：Iaskedhimtogowithme.(togowithme補(bǔ)充說明him的狀態(tài))②否定形式ask/tellsbnottodosth.?請完成下列練習(xí)。-Whyareyousoexcited,Tom?-Peterinvitedme______onatriptoHuangMountain.TogoB.goC.goingD.wentTheteachertoldthestudents_____anyfoodintotheclassroom.NottobringB.notbringC.don’tbringD.bringout考點(diǎn)四：省略to的不定式一感（feel）,二聽（hear,listento）,三讓（let,make,have）,四看（see,watch,notice,lookat）以及Help,wouldrather,hadbetter,can’tbut,donothingbut,whynot這些詞。做主語(主系表)，表示事。例：Tosayiseasy,buttodoisnoteasy.Todanceisalotoffun.It做形式主語，todo做真正主語Itisadj(forsb)todosth.例：ItishardformetospeakEnglish.[此處的形容詞還有，easy,difficult,important]做賓語用在及物動(dòng)詞后，構(gòu)成主+謂語+todo的結(jié)構(gòu)。此時(shí)句子主語和不定式的邏輯主語是一致的。Iwanttoseeafilm.其中want,描寫態(tài)度，想要。toseeafilm是行為。想和看電影，都是我發(fā)出的，【常見的及物動(dòng)詞】want，hope，wish，like，begin（start），try，need，forget，agree，know，learn，promise，refuse，help,seem等?！焖儆洝欤合胍獙W(xué)習(xí)就努力（want,learn,try）需要幫助并同意（need,help,agree/refuse）答應(yīng)記得別忘記（promise,remember,forget）喜歡決定后開始（like,decide,begin）It做形式賓語，動(dòng)詞不定式做真正賓語。主語+謂語+it+adj+todo謂語：（find/think/feel/make）Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestion.Thiswillmakeitpossibleforustofinishtheworktoday.[題]Jack,remember_____thelightwhenleavingyourbedroom.（whenyouleave）A.turningB.toturnC.turning【題】Ifinditrelaxing_______(listen)tosomemusicafterwork.疑問詞+todo，相當(dāng)于是連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的簡略。Idon’tknowwhattodo.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.Iknowhowtousethecomputer.做賓語補(bǔ)足語（補(bǔ)語）主+謂語+賓語todo,用在賓語后，補(bǔ)充說明賓語要做的事。常用的詞：teach,ask,allow,invite,advise,tell,expect等Sheaskedmetospeakmoreloudly.Myparentsallowmetoplaycomputergamesonweekends.Youcan’texpectmetolookforthedog.★【want（wish）todosth.】和【want（wish）sb.todosth.】兩個(gè)句型意思不同。前者是主語想去做某事。后者是賓語sb.去做某事。wish與want用法一致。Hewants（wishes）tostartatonce.他想要（希望）馬上開始（出發(fā)）。Hewants（wishes）metostartatonce.他想要（希望）我馬上開始（出發(fā)）?！绢}】Ourparentswon’tallowus______intheriveralone.A.swimB.toswimC.swimmingD.swam4.做定語,修飾前面的名詞，且名詞與不定式中的動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I

havealotofworktodo.

我有許多事情要做。Shewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.Haveyougotanythingtosay？(不定式修飾復(fù)合不定代詞，位于復(fù)合不定代詞之后)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?【注意】當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須加上相應(yīng)的介詞。Theyhavealotofthingstotalkabout.他們有許多事情要談?！绢}】Heislookingforaroom______-.toliveB.livingC.toliveinD.forlive【題】Ineedsomethingnice______tothepartynextmonth.towearB.wearingC.toputD.putting5.做狀語,表目的。Theyareworkinghardtosavetheinjuredtiger.他們正在努力營救那只受傷的老虎。Iamgladtobehere.我很高興出現(xiàn)在這里。（原因狀語）