高中英語人教版1Greatscientists unit1section

Unit1SectionⅠⅠ.單詞拼寫eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號49152033)(暴露)tosomanyadvertisements,wecan'thelpbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingwedon'treallyneed.2．Hasthegovernment_announced__(宣布)thattheywillbuildanewhighwaytothemountain?3．Thebabiesarewell_attended__(照顧)inthepopularnursery.4．Findingasolutiontothisproblemisoneofthegreatest_challenges__(挑戰(zhàn))facedbyscientiststoday.5．He_concluded__(結(jié)束)hisspeechwithaninterestingstory.6．Heworksinasportscentre_instructing__peopleintheuseofthegymequipment.7．Thearmywaswell－trainedandwell－armed,andhadlittledifficulty_defeating__theenemy.8．Thedrugis_suspected__ofcausingover200deaths.9．Thedoctoriswell－knownforhaving_cured__somepeopleofthedeadlydisease.10．Thosewhocan_foresee__difficultiesontheirwaytosuccessmaykeepcalmwhentheyreallyappear.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號49152034)eq\x(beexposedto，drawaconclusion，lookinto，putforward，beabsorbedinto，betoblame)1．Thecream_is_absorbed_into__theskineasily.2．Theideayou_put_forward__atthemeetingyesterdayismorepracticalthanhis.3．Thepublicwanttoknowwho_is_to_blame__fortheaccident.4．Thedoctorexaminedthepatientcarefullyandthen_drew_a_conclusion__.5．Thepolicepromisedto_look_into__theaccident.6．Itisverydangerousto_be_exposed_to__patientswithEbolaviruses(埃博拉病毒)withoutanyprotection.Ⅲ.完成句子eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號49152035)1．Whydidyou_put___forward__(提出)suchaviewatyesterday'smeeting?2．I_was___so___absorbed___in__(正入神地讀)thisbookthatIdidn'thearyoucomein.3．Wereyou_attending___to__(注意聽)whatshewassaying?4．They_draw___different___conclusions__(得出了不同的結(jié)論)fromthefacts.5．Wemustsendsomeoneto_look___into__(調(diào)查)thematter.6．Itisaseriousillness,but_can___be___cured__(能被治愈)．_time__(每次)Icatchacold,Ialwaysdrinkmuchwater.8．Wedon'tknowwhois_to___blame___for__(負責(zé))theaccident.Ⅳ.完形填空eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號49152036)Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousscientistwhohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs(突破)．Hewasbeinginterviewedbyareporterwhoaskedthoughthewasabletobesomuchtheaverageperson.Herespondedthatitallcamefroma(n)hismotherthatoccurredwhenhewasabout2.Hehadbeentryingfromthefridgewhenslippery(光滑的)bottle,itscontentsrunningalloverthekitchenfloor.Whenhismothercamein,athimorgivinghimalecture,shesaid,“Robert，whatagreatandhavemade!Isuchahugepoolofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalready.Wouldyouliketogetdownthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup？”Indeed,heafewminutes,hismothersaid,“Robert,wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetorestoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge(海綿),atoweloramop.Whichdoyouprefer？”Hechosethesponge.Hismotherthensaid,“Youknow,whatwehavehereisinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewith.Let'sgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyou.”Thelittleboylearnedthatifbottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whata！Thisscientistthensaidthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtomakemistakes.Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustlearningsomethingnew,whichis,，whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.Eveniftheexperiment“doesn'”，weusuallylearnit.文章大意：一位科學(xué)家為什么能夠與眾不同？這與他母親的教育有關(guān)。兩歲時，他把奶瓶掉在地上，牛奶撒了一地，媽媽沒有批評他，反而鼓勵他嘗試如何把瓶子抓好，因為錯誤往往是學(xué)習(xí)新知識的良機。媽媽的做法也培養(yǎng)了他勇敢地面對失敗、敢于擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)钠焚|(zhì)。1． B．whatC．when D．how解析：句意：記者采訪他，為什么他認為他能夠比一般人更有創(chuàng)造力。代入四個選項可知，why(為什么)符合句意，故選A。2． B．a(chǎn)bleC．creative D．honest解析：第一句話說了他有幾項重要的醫(yī)學(xué)突破，這應(yīng)該離不開一種創(chuàng)造力。clever“聰明的”；able“有能力的”；creative“有創(chuàng)造力的”；honest“誠實的”，故選C。3． B．experienceC．a(chǎn)ccident D．conflict解析：句意：他回應(yīng)道：這完全來自于他兩歲時和媽媽在一起的一次經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)后面科學(xué)家的一段經(jīng)歷可知，B項符合句意。lesson“教訓(xùn)”；experience“經(jīng)歷”；accident“事故”；conflict“沖突”。4． B．bringC．remove D．fetch解析：句意：他一直盡力把牛奶從冰箱里拿出來，此時瓶子從手中滑落。carry“攜帶”；bring“帶來”；remove“移動”；fetch“取來”。remove...from是固定搭配，意思是“從……地方拿走/移開”，故選C。5． B．lostC．escaped D．dropped解析：根據(jù)后文語境“hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit”可知，他把瓶子掉到地上了。故選D。drop與fall兩者都可表示“掉，落”，區(qū)別如下：fall表示“落下”，多指無意識的行為，有自然墜落之意，且通常是不及物動詞；drop既可指無意的行為，即表示“落下(不及物)”，也可指有意的行為，即表示“投下(及物)”。6．than B．insteadofC．otherthan D．inplaceof解析：媽媽沒有因為奶瓶掉了，牛奶撒了一地而對他喊叫或者講一番道理。ratherthan“而不是”；insteadof“代替，而不是”；otherthan“除了，不同于”；inplaceof“人或物替代其他人或物”。7． B．massC．map D．mess解析：句意：你弄得可真夠亂的。下文媽媽提到“makeamess”。makeamess是固定搭配，意思是“搞得亂七八糟”。故選D。picture“照片”；mass“團，塊”；map“地圖”；mess“臟亂；混亂”。8． B．happilyC．frequently D．a(chǎn)ngrily解析：句意：“我”很少見到這么一大攤牛奶。rarely“很少地”；happily“高興地”；frequently“經(jīng)常地”；angrily“生氣地”。9． B．sufferedC．done D．received解析：句意：既然已經(jīng)造成了損害。suffer“遭受”；dodamage是固定搭配，意為“損害”，這里用了被動形式，故選C。10． B．playC．enjoy D．lay解析：句意：你愿意在牛奶中玩一會兒然后我們再收拾干凈嗎？jump“跳”，play“玩”；enjoy“喜歡”；lay“放置”。getdownandplay相當(dāng)于getdowntoplaying，故選B。11． B．successfulC．fantastic D．painful解析：他把奶瓶掉在地上，所以應(yīng)該說是一次失敗的經(jīng)歷。failed“失敗的”；successful“成功的”；fantastic“不可思議的”；painful“痛苦的”，故選A。12． B．tinyC．thin D．weak解析：前文提到他當(dāng)時只有兩歲，所以他的手應(yīng)該是小的：tiny“小的”。故選B。strong“強壯的”；thin“瘦的”；weak“弱的”。13．it B．putitC．tryit D．makeit解析：句意：咱們到院子里，把瓶子里裝滿水，看看你能不能做好。getit“明白了”；putit“放”；tryit“試試看”，makeit“成功”。14． B．possessedC．broke D．grasped解析：句意：小男孩學(xué)會了如果他兩只手抓住上邊靠近瓶口的地方，他就可以抓住奶瓶不掉落了。control“控制”；possess“擁有”；break“打碎”；grasp“掌握，抓住”，故選D。15． B．teachingC．lesson D．instruction解析：通過自己親手做讓孩子知道怎么做，這一課上得很精彩。example“例子”；teaching“教學(xué)”；lesson“課，教訓(xùn)”；instruction“命令；指示”，故選C。16． B．nervousC．fearful D．a(chǎn)fraid解析：句意：科學(xué)家在那一刻也明白了他不必害怕犯錯誤。anxious“焦慮的”；nervous“緊張的”；fearful“可怕的”；afraid“害怕的”。固定短語beafraidtodosth.意為“不敢做某事”，故選D。17． B．opportunitiesC．times D．turns解析：句意：他懂得了錯誤只是他學(xué)習(xí)新東西的機會。situation“局面”；opportunity“機會”；time“時代，次數(shù)”；turn“轉(zhuǎn)彎”，故選B。18．a(chǎn)ll B．a(chǎn)boveallC．firstofall D．inall解析：句意：通過以上的經(jīng)歷，科學(xué)家的感受是：科學(xué)實驗終究是試驗一個又一個的錯誤。afterall“畢竟；終究”；aboveall“最重要的是”；firstofall“首先；第一”；inall“總共；合計”。19． B．finishC．go D．work解析：句意：即使實驗不成功，我們通常也可以學(xué)到有價值的東西。work“工作；起作用”，故選D。do“做”；finish“完成”；go“去；前往”。20． B．costlyC．valuable D．interesting解析：句意：即使實驗不成功，我們通常也可以學(xué)到有價值的東西。worthy“值得的”；costly“昂貴的”；valuable“貴重的，有價值的”；interesting“有趣的”，故選C。Ⅴ.閱讀理解eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號49152037)LouisPasteur,thefamousFrenchchemistandbacteriologist,invented“pasteurization”．In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLille,anditwastherethathemadeoneofhismostfamousdiscoveries.Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer－making,andsomeofthelocalwine－makersaskedPasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinethattime,itwasbelievedthatfoodanddrinkswent“bad”becauseofapurelychemicalprocess(變化過程).ButduringaseriesofexperimentsPasteurprovedthattinylivingorganisms(微生物)causedfoodanddrinkstogobad.Inthecaseofwineandbeer,theorganismsarealreadypresentintheformofthevariousyeasts(酵母)thatcausedthefermentation(發(fā)酵)process.Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewine,withtheresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.Healsoprovedthatfoodanddrinkscouldbeturnedbadbyotherorganismsthatwerepresentintheair，andthattheywouldkeepfreshmuchlongerif_they__werekeptinTheheatingprocesswassosuccessfulthatitmadePasteurfamous.Itwasnamed“pasteurization”inhishonour,andbyabout1900ithadbeenwidelyusedforprocessingandbottlingcows'milk.Theresultwasahugedropinthenumberofbottle－fedbabiesdyingfrominfantdiarrhea(嬰兒腹瀉)andfromthattimeonithasbeenastandardtreatmentformilkandmanyotherfoodproducts.Thissimpleprocesshassavedthousands,possiblymillions,oflivesworldwide.1．Pasteurbecame_A__in1854.A．thechairpersonofthesciencedepartmentattheUniversityB．thedirectorofachemicallaboratoryattheUniversityC．thegeneralmanagerofalargebeer－makingcompanyD．thepresidentoftheUniversity解析：細節(jié)理解題。從第一段第二句話“In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLille...”一句可知答案。2．Accordingtothepassage，Lillewasamajorcenterfor_B__inthemid－19thcentury.A．growinggraincropsB．makingbeerandwineC．doingchemicalresearchD．producingvariouskindsofyeasts解析：細節(jié)理解題。從第一段中第三句話“Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer－making,andsomeofthelocalwine－makersaskedPasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinefresh.”可知答案3．InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,theunderlinedword“they”refersto_B__.A．wineandbeer B.foodanddrinksC．thevariousyeasts D．otherorganisms解析：詞義指代題。從第一段最后一句話可知they指的是foodanddrinks。4．WecaninferfromthepassagethatPasteur'sdiscovery_C__.A．isnolongerwidelyusedfortreatingmilkandotherfoodproductsB．didnotbringmuchprofittothewine－makersinLilleC．hasdonealotofgoodtochildrenintheworldD．hasgreatlyreducedthenumberofwarsintheworld解析：推理判斷題。短文的最后一段講述了在1900年巴斯德所發(fā)明的防止食物和酒變質(zhì)的方法廣泛應(yīng)用于兒童所飲用的瓶裝牛奶，使世界上成千上萬的兒童免于死亡。Ⅵ.七選五eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號49152038)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2023·北京)TheScienceofRisk－SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestof?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearly－takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orthequalityofrisk－takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren'twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk－takingcouldgetonefewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay－in－the－cavearesult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexistsmaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhatematterwhereyouareontherisk－seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenagehelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.therisk－seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomes