高中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳解

高中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳解

常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）mustdare（dared）needhavetooughttobeabletousedtoThefeatures（特點(diǎn))ofthemodalverbs:

1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義,但詞義不完全.2.不能單獨(dú)作謂語,只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語.

3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(除“haveto”).4.沒有不定式、V-ing、V-ed形式.

Hecan/could/must/may/might/shall/should/need/dare/dared/will/would/oughtto/usedto+workinthatfactory.Hehastogohomenow.Hehadtolookafterhissickmother.在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用中,我們要注意以下考點(diǎn):1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法。3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone的用法。

1.表“能力”

can,could的用法Ican/amableto

swim.Icould/wasableto

climbatreewhenIwasachild.Iwillbeableto

swimnextweek.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasableto

getout.1.can表示現(xiàn)在的能力2.could表示過去的能力3.beableto表能力，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)4.beableto強(qiáng)調(diào)成功地做了某事2.表“請(qǐng)求,許可”could用來表示請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候比can更委婉CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.CouldIuseyourbike?—

CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou____．

A.might

B.willC.can

D.should3.表“可能性”can,could用在肯定句中表示理論上的可能性，“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.can,could用在疑問句中表推測(cè),表示可能性

Canshebeintheclassroom?can,could用在否定句中表推測(cè)，翻譯成“不可能”Wethoughtthestorycouldn’tbetrue.1.Mary____beinParis，forIsawherinthetownonlyafewminutesago．A．mustn'tB．can'tC．shouldn'tD．maynot2.MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where

____Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would1.表“詢問”(might比用may更客氣.)

MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)MayIborrowyourbook?may與might用法—MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?—________.A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’t注意：mayI…?的答語.肯定:Yes,youmay.否定:No,youmustn’t(語氣強(qiáng)硬)No,youmaynot.

或No,you’d

better

not.2.表“許可”YoumaytaketheboythereHesaidthatImightusehistelephone.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.could3.表推測(cè)，表示主觀上的推測(cè)，“可能，也許”，不用于疑問句,might比may的可能性更小Shemaynotlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplace.Peter＿＿＿＿comewithustonight，butheisn’tverysureyet．A．mustB．mayC．canD．will1.must表示主觀上的必須，應(yīng)該，沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化。YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.注意:—MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?—Yes,youmust.

—No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.must的用法“必須、不得不”must表示的是說話人的主觀看法。haveto表示的是客觀需要。（是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而“必須”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的事“必須”做。）Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.注意：1.haveto的否定形式don’thaveto表示不必。2.haveto可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)中。

1.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you___takecareofyourluggage.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.—Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?

—Yes,he

_______.A.need

B.must

C.may

D.will

2.must表示肯定的推測(cè)。Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.Lookathisnewcar.He______havealotofmoney.A.shouldB.shallC.mayD.must3.must表示“一定要”、“堅(jiān)持”“偏要”、“偏偏”。表示與說話人的愿望相反.Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittillthestormisover．Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？—MayIsmokehere?

—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.

A.should

B.could

C.may

D.must4.mustn’t表示禁止做某事。Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches.A.wouldn't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.daren't

shall作助動(dòng)詞，用于第一人稱，表示將來，should是shall的過去式

WeshallstartforBeijingtomorrow.shall作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1：用于第一人稱和第三人稱，表示征求對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求指示

Shallwebeginourlesson?

ShallI/shesithere?

shall與should用法--Sir,____hegoorstay?--Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could2:shall用于第二、三人稱，表示允諾、警告、威脅、命令、決心等。

Youshallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthday.

Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.

Whenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.

Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(允諾)(允)(警告)(命令)(決心)1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候選人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You___havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t3).shall用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務(wù)，多用于第三人稱中?！癟heinterest（利益）___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall1.should=oughtto表示勸告，建議，意為“應(yīng)該”，oughtto語氣更強(qiáng)些，強(qiáng)調(diào)“有責(zé)任，有義務(wù)做”A:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(語氣更強(qiáng)）should/oughtto的否定形式表示“不應(yīng)該”Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.willB.wouldC.shouldD.mustWhattimeoughtI_______?A．a(chǎn)rrivedB．a(chǎn)rrivingC．a(chǎn)rriveD．toarriveHe_______speaktohismotherlikethat.A．oughtnottoB．doesn’toughttoC．notoughttoD．oughttonot2.

should

可表示說話人的感情如“驚奇”“憤怒”“失望”“不滿”等.翻譯為“竟然，居然”I

don’t

believe

that

the

little

girl

should

speak

two

different

languages!我不相信這個(gè)小女孩竟然能說兩種不同的語言！Ican’tbelievemyeyes.Suchwell-educatedgentleman____behavelikethis!wouldB.shouldC.canD.must3.should表推測(cè),意為“可能；該”,相當(dāng)于beexpectedto。往往指具有一定的客觀根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對(duì)現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的“可能性”進(jìn)行描述，語氣上不如must強(qiáng)。Mr.Blackmustbehomebynow.Mr.Blackoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.布萊克先生現(xiàn)在一定到家了。（肯定）布萊克先生估計(jì)是到家了。（不能肯定）2.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They______bereadyby12：00．

A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need3.It’snearlyseveno’clock．Jack_____behereatanymoment．

A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can1.—WillMr.Wangofferusahand?—He______begladto．Heneverrefusedourrequest．

A．canB．mustC．mayD．should

1.

will

作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)在陳述句中可用各人稱作主語,表示其“意志”“意愿”“決心”等.

Iwillneverdothatagain.Iwillgiveupsmoking.—Don’tforgettobringmynewbookstomorrowafternoon.—No,I＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.don’tB.can’tC.won’tD.couldn’twill和would的用法2.will

在疑問句中用第二人稱作主語,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)示或詢問.不如would委婉Will/Wouldyoupassmethebook?Willhepayforme?Wouldyouliketocomewithus?3.will

有時(shí)表示一種習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或自然規(guī)律.(表示習(xí)慣,經(jīng)常性,傾向性)慣于,總是(會(huì)),終歸是。Boyswillbeboys.男孩終歸是男孩。Matcheswillnotstrikeiftheyaredamp.火柴潮濕就擦不著。Thedoor_______open.這門經(jīng)常打不開。won’twould

可用于各人稱,表示過去時(shí)間的“意志”“愿望”和‘決心”.2.

would表示說話人本身的“意志”或向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢?qǐng)求’.

3.would

還可以表示過去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Heusedtotakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.（現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散步了）usedto表示過去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的習(xí)慣，但現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在了。Hewouldtakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.（而現(xiàn)在不散步了）Ronald______stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would1.作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常用在否定句和疑問句中。Dare(need)+S+VS+daren’t(needn’t)+VIdaren’twalkthroughtheforestatnight.Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?Youneedn’treturnthebooknow.Needhedoitallatonce?可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need、dare

dare,need的用法2.作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，常用在肯定句中,

有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化Heneedstogotherehimself.Hehasgrownup,wedon’tneedtoworryabouthim.3.Sth(sb)need(want,require)+doing/tobedone

Thehouseneedscleaning/tobecleanedTheboyneedssendingtothehospitalatonce.句型時(shí)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare實(shí)義動(dòng)詞dare肯定句現(xiàn)在時(shí)daredodare/darestodo過去時(shí)dareddodaredtodo否定句現(xiàn)在時(shí)daren’t/darenotdodo/doesnotdare(to)do過去時(shí)darednotdodidnotdare(to)do疑問句

現(xiàn)在時(shí)Darehedo?Doyou/Doeshedare(to)do?過去時(shí)Daredhedo?Didhedare(to)do

1.Iwonderhowhe____thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay2.Iwonderhowshe

thedrunkensailortheotherday.

A.darefightingoff

B.daredfightoff

C.daretofightoff

D.daredfightingoff3.Thedog

hibernate(冬眠)inwinter.

A.don'tneed

B.doesn'tneedto

C.needsnotto

D.needsnot注意對(duì)need問句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thavetoneedn’t對(duì)其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.

--Mustwedoitnow?--No,you__________.

needn’t(don’thaveto)needn’t(don’thaveto)二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)1.肯定的推測(cè)一般用must,should,may（might）或could（不用can），其中，________的語氣最強(qiáng)，譯為“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是”；_________的語氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”，指按常理推測(cè)；____________________的語氣最弱，譯為“也許”、“可能”。mustshouldmay（might），could①----AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?----I’mnotsure.I___gototheconcertinstead.A.must B.would C.should D.might②---Hi,tom.Anyideawhere

Jane

is?—She_______intheclassroom.Isawherjustnow.A.shallbe B.willbe C.mustbe D.canbe③Accordingtothespeed,thecar________arriveatShanghaibeforeitgetsdark.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.need注：can有時(shí)也用于肯定句中表示推測(cè)，主要用于表示理論上的可能性(即從理論上看是可能的，但實(shí)際未必會(huì)發(fā)生)，或表示“有時(shí)”之意。如：Evenexperiencedteacherscanmakemistakes.____________________________________________Shecanbeveryunpleasant.____________________________________________Foodpoisoningcancausedeath._______________________________________即使是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師也可能出錯(cuò)。她有時(shí)很令人討厭。食物中毒可導(dǎo)致死亡。Readandtranslate:ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_____berathercoldsometime.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.wouldPeter______bereallydifficulttodealwithattimeseventhoughheisanicepersoningeneral.A.shall B.should C.canD.mustattimes:有時(shí)；偶爾2.否定推測(cè)分為兩種情況：

1）語氣不是很肯定時(shí)，常用maynot,mightnot，譯為____________________2）否定語氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用__________，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”，可能不、也許不can’tMalecustomers_______notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.must B.shall C.mayD.need—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,it_______behimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot3.疑問句中的推測(cè)，往往用can或could。Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony？A.can B.shouldC.may D.must4.對(duì)已發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。

肯定推測(cè)常用“must,may,might+完成式”；否定和疑問推測(cè)常用“can,

could

，may,might+完成式”。

musthavedone:________________can't/couldn’thavedone:_________________may/mighthavedone:________________想必一定做了某事不可能做了某事可能/或許已經(jīng)①—Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!You______readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.

A.must B.should C.musthave

D.shouldhave②MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where________Ihaveputit?A.can B.must C.should D.would③–Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.--You__havelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would1.must+have+過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去事物的推測(cè)。

三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+P.P.Hemusthavetoldmyparentsaboutit.

他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。It'ssixo'clockalready,wemusthavebeenlateagain.

已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了2.can’t/couldn’t+have+P.P表示對(duì)過去某事的否定猜測(cè)Hecouldn’thavebeentothattown.3.may(might)+have+P.P,表示對(duì)過去事情的猜測(cè),認(rèn)為某事“可能”發(fā)生.(might比may更含蓄,或更不肯定.)Hemay(might)haveplayedelectricgameonTVthewholenight.Forhelooksverysleepy.could+have+P.Pa.表示本來能做得到,但事實(shí)上未做到Hecouldhavefinishedthetaskontime,buttheheavysnowcame.can/could

+have+P.Pb.表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)(只用于疑問句)Hedidn’tcomebacklastnight.Whatcouldhavehappenedtohim.4.should/oughtto+have+P.P.→過去本該做，而事實(shí)上卻沒有做，表“責(zé)備”或“惋惜”

shouldnot/oughtnotto+have+P.P.→過去本不該做，而事實(shí)上卻做了，表“責(zé)備”或“惋惜”Theplantisdead.Ishouldhavegivenitmorewater.Youshouldnothaveleftyourbabyaloneinthehouse.5.needn’t+have+P.P.表示本來不必做，但做了.Sheneednothaveattendthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.(她昨天本不必參加會(huì)議，可她參加了.)1.Theriverisrising.It________lastnight.mustberaining

B.mustrainC.mighthaverainedD.musthaverained2.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen3.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen4.You

yesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.

A.oughttocome

B.oughttobecoming

C.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome5.You______alltheseboxesyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarriedC.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry6.Mr.White___at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving7.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You___herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldPractice1.Helen_______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn'tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can2.----I'vetakensomeoneelse'sgreensweaterbymistake.----It______Harry's.Healwayswearsgreen.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn'tbeD.couldbe3.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_____notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need4.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry______beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.A.mustB.mayC.canD.need5."Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,"declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall6.I______payTomavisit,butI'mnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could7.----Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.----You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't8.----Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.----You________havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.A.shan'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.shouldn't9.----Excuseme.IsthattherightwaytotheSummerPalace?----Sorry,I'mnotsure,butit______be.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can10.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can11.You________betired-you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot12.----Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?----Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall13.There________beanydiffic