2020-2021學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit4GlobalwarmingSectionⅢ-Grammar習(xí)題含解析新人教版選修6

PAGE7-Unit4Globalwarming主題語(yǔ)境:人與自然——環(huán)境保護(hù)SectionⅢ—Grammar課后篇鞏固提升一、對(duì)畫(huà)線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)1.Hebeganhismedicalresearchafterhegotfinancialhelp.

答案Itwasafterhegotfinancialhelpthathebeganhismedicalresearch.2.Hedidn’tmentionhisownplanuntiltheendoftheletter.

答案Itwasnotuntiltheendoftheletterthathementionedhisownplan.3.Whydidn’tyouattendthebirthdaypartyofyourbestfriend?

答案Whywasitthatyoudidn’tattendthebirthdaypartyofyourbestfriend?4.Theculture,ratherthanthelanguage,madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.

答案Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.二、閱讀理解Findingfishisgoingtogetharderasclimatechangecontinuestoheattheworld’soceans.Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellfish.Asustainablecatchreferstotheamountthatcanbeharvestedwithoutdoinglong-termdamagetothehealthofpopulationsofsomespecies.Overfishinghasmadethatdeclineworse,researcherssay.Overfishingreferstocatchingsomanyfishthatthesizeofthepopulationfalls.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchastheheavilyfishedSeaofJapan,thedecreaseisashighas35percent.That’salossofmorethanoneineverythreefish.Researchersexaminedchangesin235populationsoffishandshellfishbetween1930and2010.Thosefishpopulationsspreadfarapartacross38oceanregions.Temperaturechangesvaryfromoneoceansitetoanother.Butonaverageoverthattime,Earth’ssea-surfacetemperatureshaverisenbyabouthalfadegreeCelsius.Onaverage,thatwarminghascausedthesustainablecatchtodropby4.1percent,thestudyfound.About8percentofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.However,about4percentofsomepopulationsincreased.That’sbecausecertainspecieshavethrivedinwarmerwaters.Oneexampleisakindofblackseafish.ItlivesalongthenortheasternL.S.coast.Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.Thatmeansit’surgentforcommercialfishingfleetsandregulatorstoconsiderhowclimatechangeisaffectingthehealthofallofthosefishinthesea.1.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A.Overfishingistoblameforfishhealth.B.Warmingseascausefewerfishandshellfish.C.Seafoodmatterstopeople’shealthworldwide.D.Thelivingregionsoffishandshellfisharedifferent.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellfish.”可知,新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),海水升溫導(dǎo)致魚(yú)類(lèi)和水生有殼動(dòng)物減少。故選B項(xiàng)。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrived”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Survivednarrowly.B.Disappearedsoon.C.Decreasedsharply.D.Developedquickly.答案D解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞下文“Oneexample...Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.”可知,隨著升溫繼續(xù),這些魚(yú)將快速繁殖直到它們的極限,據(jù)此可推知,畫(huà)線詞的含義與“reproducefaster”相近,故選D項(xiàng)。3.Whatdoweknowaboutspeciesoffishandshellfish?A.About8percentofthemsufferedfromagreatloss.B.About35percentofthemsurvivedintheSeaofJapan.C.About3.2billionspecieshavebeensaveduptonow.D.About80specieshavediedoutbecauseofwarmingseas.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“About8percentofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.”可知,大約8%的魚(yú)類(lèi)和水生有殼動(dòng)物數(shù)量上遭受了重大損失。故選A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Insomeparts...thedecreaseisashighas35percent.”可知,B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第五段第一句“About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.”可知,C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤;文章沒(méi)有提到D項(xiàng)所表述的內(nèi)容。4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Acookingguide.B.Asciencemagazine.C.Anewsreview.D.Ahealthbrochure.答案B解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示,隨著海洋變暖,魚(yú)類(lèi)和水生有殼動(dòng)物的數(shù)量正在減少。這在一定程度上影響了漁業(yè)的產(chǎn)量和這些生物的健康。由此可推知,本文屬于科學(xué)類(lèi)文章。故選B項(xiàng)。三、七選五閱讀理解Likemostpeople,yournaturalinstinct(本能)isprobablytohelpotherswhenyoucan.1Whetheryou’rerefusinganinvitationtoapartyorturningdownanewprojectatwork,youcansaynowhilestillbeingrespectful.Whateverthesituationis,beclear,politeandfirmwhensayingno.

Expressyourthanks.2Ifyouhavetoturnsomeonedown,expressyourthanksthattheythoughtofyouinthefirstplace.Youcouldsaysomethinglike,“Thanksforconsideringmeresponsibleenoughtowatchyourkids.I’msorrythatI’mbusythatevening.”

Thinkbeforeyouspeak.Ifyousaynoimmediately,itmightseemlikeyoudidn’tevenconsidertherequest.Inordertoberespectful,takeamomenttothinkaboutyouranswer—evenifyoualreadyknowwhatitisgoingtobe.3

Giveaclearanswer.Sayingnorespectfullyshowsthatyou’rehonestanddirect.4Ifyoucan’thelp,sayno.Ifsomeoneisaskingyouonadateandyoudon’twanttogo,makethatclear.

5Youcansaynowithoutcompletelyturningdowntherequest.Bysettingboundaries,youcanmakeitclearexactlywhatyoucandoandwhatyouarewillingtodo.Forexample,youcouldsay,“I’mnotfreefordinner,butIwouldbecomingforaquickdrinkafterwork.”

A.Findawaytocompromise.B.Takeapause,andthenkindlysayno.C.Butsometimes,youjustneedtosayno.D.It’sstrangetofeelguiltyforturningsomeonedown.E.Makeitclearthatyousincerelyappreciatebeingasked.F.Ifyoufeelitnecessary,youcanalsoprovideareasonforyouranswer.G.Donotgivepeoplefalsehopethatyouwillbeabletosatisfytheirrequest.答案1~5CEBGA四、完形填空(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They1withthemlotsofwaste.The2mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe3ofKilimanjaro.

Hearingthesestories,I’m4abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.

However,Isoon5thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof6amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda7mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare8buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe9.

ThebestofaKilimanjaro10,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare11asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This12isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas13gothroughfiveecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,14landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather15—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I16twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland17:gravel(礫石),stonesandrocks.18youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith19snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.

DoesKilimanjaro20itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.

1.A.keepB.mixC.connect D.bring答案D解析由上文“每年大約有四萬(wàn)人試圖攀爬乞力馬扎羅山”和下文“或許會(huì)破壞它的美感”可知,眾多的登山者帶來(lái)了許多垃圾。bringwith“帶來(lái)”。故選D項(xiàng)。2.A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reporters答案C解析由上文可知,每年約四萬(wàn)人攀爬乞力馬扎羅山,擁擠的人群(及所帶來(lái)的垃圾)或許會(huì)影響它的美感。crowds“擁擠的人群”。故選C項(xiàng)。3.A.position B.ageC.face D.name答案C解析由上文可知,此處表示冰川正在消融,改變著乞力馬扎羅山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年齡”;name“名字”。故選C項(xiàng)。4.A.silent B.skepticalC.serious D.crazy答案B解析根據(jù)上文講述的乞力馬扎羅山的氣候環(huán)境變化和下文的“其他旅游景點(diǎn)被描述得更加純凈天然”可知,此處意為聽(tīng)完這些故事,“我”對(duì)乞力馬扎羅山的自然美景持懷疑態(tài)度。skeptical“懷疑的”;silent“沉默的”;serious“嚴(yán)肅的”;crazy“瘋狂的”。故選B項(xiàng)。5.A.discover B.argueC.decide D.advocate答案A解析根據(jù)句首However表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知,與前面的描述不同,作者不久發(fā)現(xiàn)了乞力馬扎羅山的美,故選A項(xiàng)。discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;argue“爭(zhēng)論”;decide“決定”;advocate“擁護(hù)”。6.A.equipment B.grassC.camps D.stones答案C解析此處指的是自從乞力馬扎羅山上營(yíng)地周?chē)蓢嵗膱?bào)道后,情況發(fā)生了許多變化。下文又接著講述作者在營(yíng)地和道路上看到了廁所,由此推知,上文中提到的報(bào)道指的是以前的營(yíng)地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,現(xiàn)在干凈了許多。camp“營(yíng)地”;equipment“裝備”;grass“草”;stone“石頭”。故選C項(xiàng)。7.A.remote B.quietC.tall D.clean答案D解析本句提到作者在營(yíng)地和道路旁邊看到了許多廁所,與在報(bào)道中出現(xiàn)的垃圾堆中的營(yíng)地截然不同,干凈衛(wèi)生。故選D項(xiàng)。8.A.new B.specialC.significant D.necessary答案C解析前文提到了作者擔(dān)心乞力馬扎羅山面臨的嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問(wèn)題會(huì)毀壞它在人們心目中的美的形象。此處指的是面臨的環(huán)境考驗(yàn)是很重要的(significant)。故選C項(xiàng)。9.A.payingoff B.spreadingoutC.blowingup D.fadingaway答案A解析本句but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,雖然環(huán)境面臨著考驗(yàn),坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局做出的努力似乎挺奏效。payoff“成功;奏效;達(dá)到目的”;spreadout“展開(kāi);鋪開(kāi)”;blowup“爆炸”;fadeaway“逐漸消失”。故選A項(xiàng)。10.A.atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D.sight答案B解析由上文第二段中的“...otherdestinationsaredescribedas‘purer’naturalexperiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看來(lái),攀登乞力馬扎羅山的最佳體驗(yàn)并不僅僅在于到達(dá)頂峰。11.A.studied B.observedC.explored D.regarded答案D解析由下文可知,乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被許多文化視為精神家園。beregardedas...“被視為……”。故選D項(xiàng)。12.A.view B.qualityC.reason D.purpose答案A解析本句進(jìn)一步解釋上句內(nèi)容,為什么乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被許多文化視為精神家園。隨著人們?cè)趲浊椎目臻g內(nèi)穿過(guò)五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng),這種“觀點(diǎn)”尤其明顯。故選A項(xiàng)。13.A.scientists B.climbersC.locals D.officials答案B解析此處指攀登者可以在幾千米的空間內(nèi)穿過(guò)五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B項(xiàng)。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科學(xué)家”;local“當(dāng)?shù)厝?本地人”;official“官員”。14.A.holdingonto B.goingbacktoC.livingupto D.givingwayto答案D解析上文講到山腳處是雨林,它在3000米的地方突然結(jié)束?！白屛弧苯o矮生植物。故選D項(xiàng)。givewayto“給……讓位”;holdonto“堅(jiān)持”;gobackto“返回”;liveupto“達(dá)到”。15.A.changes B.clearsC.improves D.permits答案A解析由上文可知,有五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng),所以再往上氣候又有變化。故選A項(xiàng)。16.A.match B.imagineC.count D.add答案C解析由上文可知,低云壓山,茂密的草叢覆蓋著山腰,本句則為從作者所站之處望去可以數(shù)到12種濃淡深淺的綠色。故選C項(xiàng)。17.A.village B.desertC.road D.lake答案B解析此處指的是4000米以上為高原沙漠環(huán)境。根據(jù)下文的礫石、石頭和巖石可知為類(lèi)沙漠環(huán)境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村莊”;road“道路”;lake“湖泊”。故選B項(xiàng)。18.A.Obviously B.EasilyC.Consequently D.Finally答案D解析由上文可知,作者已經(jīng)講了四種生態(tài)系統(tǒng):rainforest,lowgrowingplants,thickgrass,highlanddesert,還有最后的也是最冷的arctic-likezone(類(lèi)北極地帶),故選D項(xiàng)。19.A.permanent B.littleC.fresh D.artificial答案A解析本句意為“類(lèi)北極地帶上方有永久的積雪和冰川,但它們可能不久后會(huì)融化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“新鮮的”;artificial“人造的”。故選A項(xiàng)。20.A.enjoy B.deserveC.save D.acquire答案B解析文章最后作者發(fā)出感慨:一個(gè)人滿為患,破壞了原有寧?kù)o的乞力馬扎羅山還能名副其實(shí)嗎?“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)恰恰相反。故選B項(xiàng)。五、語(yǔ)篇填空HouseholdgarbagesortingandrecyclinghavebecomeahottopicinShanghaibecauseofChina’sfirstcompulsorygarbage-separationlaw1everyhouseholdandinstitutionshallclassifywasteintofour2(category).Thosewhofailtosortgarbagemay3(fine)upto200yuan.

Previously,everythingwentintoonebin,sothischangehasmademanypeoplevery4(worry),whosaidtheywerestrugglingtomasterthedetailsquickly.

Nowthankstotheeffortsof5numberofyoungprogrammers,discoveringtheproperclassificationforeachpieceofhouseholdwastehasbecomeassimpleastakingaphoto6callingsomeoneusingyoursmartphone.

Theyhaveappliedspeechandimagerecognitiontechnologies7appsandothersmartphoneservicestoguideShanghairesid