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專題六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞[全國(guó)卷考情分析]題型分類(lèi)典題試做命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.2.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting(rest).3.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetaltocreate(create)specialdesigns.1.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能(狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等);2.考查固定搭配中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。短文改錯(cuò)1.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords,“Speedup!〞“Slowdown!〞“Turning→Turnleft!〞2.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheirstudentseq\o(\s\up12(∧),to)pickthefreshvegetables!3.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtake→takingatrip.1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用;2.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的錯(cuò)用;3.不定式符號(hào)to的多余或缺失;4.to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)的誤判。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第202頁(yè))非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及意義[先試做題組]單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023·天津高考)Havingworked(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.2.Henrycan'tattendthepartybeingheld(hold)atTom'shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechatthepartytobeheld(hold)atMarie'shousetomorrow.3.(重慶高考)Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseemstohavegone(go)wrongwithit.[再解讀要點(diǎn)]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義不定式一般式todotobedone表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生不定式進(jìn)行式tobedoing表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeingdone表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或根本上同時(shí)發(fā)生現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞完成式havingdonehavingbeendone表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)去分詞一般式done與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表完成(2023·江蘇高考)ManyChinesebrands,havingdevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.很多中國(guó)品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹(shù)立了聲譽(yù),它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)的新挑戰(zhàn)。(北京高考)TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長(zhǎng)住之前,還有很多問(wèn)題仍需要解決。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023·北京高考)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosave(save)theirvaluabletime.2.(2023·天津高考)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowing(allow)morepatientstobetreated.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(2023·北京高考)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,rangedfrombutterfliestoelephants.ranged→ranging[再解讀要點(diǎn)]1.不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)作目的狀語(yǔ),可用soasto/inorderto替換,但soasto一般不可置于句首,意為“為了;想要〞。(2023·北京高考)Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.為了便于聯(lián)系我們,你最好將這張卡片放在身邊。(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中:onlytodo;enoughtodo(足夠做……);too...todo...(太……而不能……);so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。(四川高考)Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.湯姆乘出租車(chē)去了機(jī)場(chǎng),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。(3)作原因狀語(yǔ),常用在“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+todo〞結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類(lèi)形容詞有:easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等。(遼寧高考)Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我們吃驚的是,這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。易錯(cuò)警示語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中??疾椤爸髡Z(yǔ)+be+形容詞+不定式〞結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。另外需注意的是在該結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞;假設(shè)為不及物動(dòng)詞,那么要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(2023·北京高考)Orderedoveraweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.這些書(shū)是一個(gè)多星期以前訂購(gòu)的,現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。(2023·重慶高考)Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船員一樣,鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)可以利用太陽(yáng)和星星找到它們的路。[名師點(diǎn)津]局部過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng),也不表示完成,而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有:located(坐落于),lost(迷路的),seated(坐著的),hidden(躲著的),lost/absorbed/buriedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿著),tiredof(厭煩的),facedwith(面對(duì)著)。(2023·天津高考)Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于專心繪畫(huà),約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。3.獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,稱作獨(dú)立成分。常考的有:generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof,judgingfrom/by,takingeverythingintoconsideration,comparedto/with,tobefrank,totell(you)thetruth,tobehonest,tomakethingsworse等。Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHongKong.從口音判斷,他是香港人。Totellyouthetruth,Iamalittletired.說(shuō)實(shí)話,我有點(diǎn)累。4.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。但有時(shí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),在句子中作狀語(yǔ),我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn):①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同,它獨(dú)立存在。②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:①名詞/代詞+分詞;②名詞/代詞+不定式;③with/without+名詞/代詞+分詞/不定式。Thetestfinished(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.考試結(jié)束后,我們就開(kāi)始放假了。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)[先試做題組]單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023·北京高考)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.2.(2023·山東重點(diǎn)中學(xué)一聯(lián))Thename“cheongsam〞meaning(mean)simply“l(fā)ongdress〞enteredtheEnglishvocabularyfromthedialectofChina'sGuangdongProvince.3.(2023·天津高考)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch(catch).[再解讀要點(diǎn)]1.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在所修飾詞之后,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,假設(shè)該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn'tfindanypapertowriteon.突然她想到了一個(gè)好主意,但是她找不到紙把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。(2)序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí),thelast,theonly等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后,常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校,最后一個(gè)離校。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí),常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)名詞:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。(遼寧高考)Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。(湖南高考)Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。(4)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí),作定語(yǔ)的不定式使用主動(dòng)式;當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)不是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)且不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),不定式使用被動(dòng)式。Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎?(you是buy的執(zhí)行者)IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我要去北京。你有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎?(you不是buy的執(zhí)行者)2.分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有:現(xiàn)在分詞、“being+過(guò)去分詞〞、過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí),用“being+過(guò)去分詞〞;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí),用過(guò)去分詞。(2)作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為:現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞只表示動(dòng)作已完成,不表被動(dòng)。(2023·浙江高考)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2023.為了再討論一下水污染的問(wèn)題,我想讓大家看一項(xiàng)2023年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。(北京高考)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.昨天晚上,有幾百萬(wàn)人觀看了開(kāi)幕式的電視直播。[名師點(diǎn)津]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的解題思路表示被動(dòng)、完成用過(guò)去分詞(done);表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing);表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用beingdone;表示主動(dòng)、尚未進(jìn)行用todo;表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用tobedone。試比擬:①Thebridgebuiltrecentlywasdesignedbyalocalcompany.②Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow'smeetingisveryimportant.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023·山西名校聯(lián)考)Lifeisn'tamatch.It'sajourney.Ifyouspendthatjourneyalwaystrying(try)toimpressothers,you'rewastingyourlife.2.Nervousandanxious,Jillfailedtomake(make)agoodimpressionatthejobinterview.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(2023·浙江高考)Hewouldaskwhowewereandpretendnottoknowingus.knowing→know【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào):33220232】[再解讀要點(diǎn)]1.只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail(未能),pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen(碰巧)等。Sheseatedherselfatasmalltableintherestaurant,waitingtobeserved.她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著被效勞。2.只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ):admit,avoid,consider,escape(避開(kāi)),imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feellike,giveup,putoff,objectto,lookforwardto等。此外,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.;havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我回避提及這個(gè)話題,以免冒犯他。(陜西高考)It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎?3.接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義不同的動(dòng)詞:eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘記去做某事〔未做〕,forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事〔已做〕))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾〔未做〕,regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示懊悔〔已做〕))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記得去做某事〔未做〕,rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事〔已做〕))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.盡力去做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.繼續(xù)做另一件事,goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelp〔to〕dosth.不能幫助做某事,can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事))IrememberedtolockthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.我離開(kāi)辦公室之前記得關(guān)門(mén)卻忘記關(guān)燈了?!猅hatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.——那將意味著浪費(fèi)許多勞動(dòng)力?!猂eally?Idon'tmeantowasteanylabour.——是嗎?我并沒(méi)打算浪費(fèi)勞動(dòng)力。(2023·上海高考)WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstopbuyingthegroceriesifIfoundout?她是擔(dān)憂如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)這件事情我的反響還是擔(dān)憂我不再給她買(mǎi)食品雜貨呢?易錯(cuò)警示(1)動(dòng)詞want,need,require作“需要〞講時(shí),其后要用v.-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)。與此用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,findout等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how,what,whether,where,when,who等。(3)介詞后一般要接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ),但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ),假設(shè)前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,不定式要省略to。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023·湖北四地七校聯(lián)考)Doyoufindyourselfeasilybecoming(become)impatientorannoyedwithpeopleoverunimportantthings?2.(四川高考)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproductsdeveloped(develop)aftergreateffort.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(2023·浙江高考)ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.felt→feel[再解讀要點(diǎn)]1.不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系,不定式表將要發(fā)出的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)):advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。(山東高考)Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我們期望人們放棄開(kāi)車(chē)的習(xí)慣,我們必須給他們可以依賴的選擇。(江西高考)Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltospeaktothenewstudents.完成工程之后,她被學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)去給新生講話。(1)有些動(dòng)詞,如think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,understand等后常用tobe作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)。Chinesepeopleareconsideredtobethemosthard-workingpeopleintheworld.中國(guó)人被認(rèn)為是世界上最勤勞的人民。(2)在sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+todo/tohavedone結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(江西高考)Heisthoughttohaveactedfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.大家都認(rèn)為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢?,F(xiàn)在要為他的失業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)的不是別人,而是他自己。2.分詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞:感官動(dòng)詞(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役動(dòng)詞(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。(湖南高考)Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?聽(tīng)!你聽(tīng)到有人正在呼喊救命嗎?(2)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作??山舆^(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞:感官動(dòng)詞(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役動(dòng)詞(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。(2023·陜西高考)Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療效勞,回來(lái)后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很快樂(lè)。(3)使役動(dòng)詞have,get后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的異同點(diǎn):①havesth.done=getsth.done讓別人做某事;②havesb./sth.doing讓……一直做某事;getsth./sb.doing使……開(kāi)始做某事;③havesb.dosth.=getsb.todosth.讓某人做某事。(四川高考)Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.在開(kāi)車(chē)進(jìn)城之前,你需要洗洗車(chē)。(4)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)為:①with+賓語(yǔ)+doing表示主動(dòng)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生;②with+賓語(yǔ)+done表示被動(dòng)或完成;③with+賓語(yǔ)+todo表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(遼寧高考)Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步,他們的寵物狗那么在后面跟著。Withsuchashorttimeleftbeforethedeadline,itdoesn'tseemlikelythatJohnwillfinishthejob.截止日期之前只剩下很短的時(shí)間,約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。Withalotofworktodo,shewasn'tallowedtoleaveheroffice.由于有許多工作要做,她不被允許離開(kāi)辦公室。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空Takecare!Beingexposed(expose)tofrequentsmogdoesgreatharmtoyourhealth.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2023·江西上饒聯(lián)考)Mytaskisgettherestofustofinishtheremainingpartoftheproject.在get前加to2.(湖南高考)Understandingyourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationareasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.are→is[再解讀要點(diǎn)]1.不定式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。假設(shè)不定式太長(zhǎng),常用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將不定式后置。(浙江高考)Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbettertoremainsilent.不管你多么能說(shuō)會(huì)道,有些時(shí)候保持沉默會(huì)更好。(2)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),①表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;②當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等詞時(shí),常用不定式作表語(yǔ);③主語(yǔ)為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí),表語(yǔ)多用不定式。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是將來(lái)當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighis(to)improvemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語(yǔ)水平。2.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)常表示抽象的、泛指的概念,也可用it作形式主語(yǔ),把作真正主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在句末。常用于固定句型:It'sawasteoftimedoing...;It'snouse/gooddoing...;Itisuselessdoing...;Thereisnodoing...等中。(浙江高考)Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.直面你的問(wèn)題而不是逃避它們,是解決這些問(wèn)題最好的方法。It'snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒(méi)用的。(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞,用于解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常??梢曰Q位置。Myjobiscleaningthehousethreetimesaweek(=Cleaningthehousethreetimesaweekismyjob).我的工作是每星期清掃三次房子。(3)remain作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“仍然是〞時(shí),后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ);但作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“尚待……;留待……〞時(shí),后常接tobedone。Sheremainedstandingthoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣?qǐng)她坐下,但她還是站著。(陜西高考)Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewly-formedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.新成立的委員會(huì)提出的方針能否實(shí)行還有待觀察。[易錯(cuò)提示]不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù),這是短文改錯(cuò)中常考的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。[技法點(diǎn)撥]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與語(yǔ)法填空非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與短文改錯(cuò)1.對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類(lèi)考題,解題時(shí)首先要通過(guò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷所給提示詞是否要用其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。再通過(guò)分析句子成分判斷應(yīng)使用哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如:作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞或不定式;作目的狀語(yǔ)常用不定式,作伴隨狀語(yǔ)常用現(xiàn)在分詞等。1.檢查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后是否該有不定式符號(hào)to;2.檢查介詞后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否正確;3.檢查并列結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是否一致;2.確定要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后,再根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)關(guān)系、動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間以及句意,判斷出該使用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。4.檢查作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是否適宜;5.檢查分詞作狀語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第207頁(yè))[核心考點(diǎn)針對(duì)練]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023·河北石家莊聯(lián)考)Iwantthispreciousopportunityverymuchtoimprove(improve)myorganizationalability.2.(2023·河北邯鄲期中聯(lián)考)Imagineclimbing(climb)uptothe80thfloorofyourofficebuildingwithoutanelevator.3.(2023·北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)期中)Nearlyallthepeopleinterviewed(interview)believeconfidenceisthekeytosuccess.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào):33220233】4.(2023·天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考)Theproblemstobediscussed(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowarereallyhardtosolve(solve).5.(2023·天津一中月考)Toremind(remind)myselfofthepastpleasantdays,Ihavesomerelatedphotospinnedbesidemydesk.6.(2023·江蘇啟東檢測(cè))Thestudentabsorbed(absorb)inthegamesonthesmartphoneduringclassdidnotnoticehisteacherbehindhim.7.Inthebeautycompetition,womenareaskedtoperform(perform)someoftheexercisestothemusic.8.Chinahasstrengthenedsecuritychecksofgovernmentwebsites,hoping(hope)tocleanupthosethatarenotuptostandardbytheendof2023.9.Havingwaited(wait)forthebusforthirtyminutes,helosthispatienceandfeltveryanxious.10.Thevolunteersareremindedoftakingeverythingbelonging(belong)tothembeforeleavingthehotel.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2023·廣東惠州二調(diào))Althoughdancinghelpstokeephealthy,thelong-timedancingandloudnoisecausingbytheloudspeakerreallybroughtinconvenience.causing→caused2.(2023·江西六校聯(lián)考)Fromthenon,IdevotedmoretimetoplaythepianobecauseIfirmlybelievethatpracticemakesperfect.play→playing3.(2023·河北邯鄲一模)Watchtheflagrisinginthebrilliantsun,wewerequiteexcitedandproudofourmotherland.Watch→Watching4.(2023·河南焦作一模)Seeingthemareworkingsohardonsuchacoldmorning,Iwasmovedandmadeupmymindtodosomethingforthem.去掉are5.(2023·山西太原二模)Sincethedirectorwantsussettlethematterassoonaspossible,wenowhavetoworkitout.在settle前加toⅢ.語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作1.(北京高考)公園里有很多人,他們?cè)陉?yáng)光下玩得很開(kāi)心。Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.2.路遙寫(xiě)的書(shū)為很多青少年所喜歡。Thebooks,writtenbyLuYao,arepopularwithmanyteenagers.3.他提醒我別忘了明天的會(huì)議。Heremindedmenottoforgetthemeetingtomorrow.4.為了通過(guò)考試,他經(jīng)常努力學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。To/Inordertopasstheexam,heoftenworkedharddeepintothenight.5.盡管已經(jīng)告訴他這個(gè)答案幾次了,但我不知道他是否能理解。Havingtoldhimtheanswerseveraltimes,Ididn'tknowwhetherhecouldunderstand.[高考題型綜合練]Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空(2023·陜西西安八校聯(lián)考)ItwasabouttwointhemorningwhenIreturnedhome.Itriedtowakeupmywifebyringingthedoorbell,butshewasfast1(sleep),soIgotaladderfromthegarden,putitagainstthewall,andbeganclimbing2thebedroomwindow.Iwasalmostthere3asarcastic(挖苦的)voicebelowsaid,“Idon'tthinkthewindowsneed4(clean)atthistimeofthenight.〞Ilookeddown5(surprise)andnearlyfellfromtheladderwhenIsawapoliceman.Iimmediately6(regret)answeringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,“Ienjoycleaning7(window)atnight.〞“SodoI,〞answeredheinthesametone.“Excuse8(I)forinterruptingyou.Ihatetointerruptamanwhenhe'sbusyworking,butwouldyoumindcomingwithmetothestation?〞“Well,I'dprefer9(stay)here,〞Isaid.“Yousee.Ihaveforgottenmykey.〞Fortunately,10shoutingwokeupmywifeandsheopenedthewindow.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。我晚歸喊不醒妻子開(kāi)門(mén),只好找梯子試圖爬進(jìn)臥室;此時(shí)警察發(fā)現(xiàn)了我,要將我?guī)Щ鼐?,幸虧妻子被我們的吵鬧聲驚醒……1.a(chǎn)sleep[考查形容詞。根據(jù)該句中的“wakeup〞“fast〞和“soIgotaladderfromthegarden〞可知,我的妻子睡得很熟。asleep意為“睡著的〞,符合文意。注意:不能填sleepy“困的,想睡覺(jué)的〞,不符合語(yǔ)境。]2.toward(s)/to[考查介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,我在墻邊架上梯子,朝臥室的窗子爬去。toward(s)/to意為“朝著……方向〞。]3.when[考查狀語(yǔ)從句。我快要爬到那里時(shí)下面有人說(shuō)話。when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候〞。]4.cleaning/tobecleaned[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。needdoing=needtobedone。此處表示這個(gè)人說(shuō)“我認(rèn)為在晚上這個(gè)時(shí)候不需要擦窗〞。]5.surprisingly[考查副詞??仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)lookeddown,故用副詞形式。我吃驚地朝下看,當(dāng)看到一名警察時(shí),我差點(diǎn)從梯子上掉下來(lái)。]6.regretted[考查動(dòng)

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