英語構(gòu)詞法-之-轉(zhuǎn)化詞與合成詞

記單詞是讓很多人頭疼的事情，不過特別有心的人會發(fā)現(xiàn)：單詞與單詞之間其實是有聯(lián)系的。這就是我們要說的——構(gòu)詞法。英語的構(gòu)詞法主要包括：轉(zhuǎn)化詞、派生詞、合成詞、混成詞、截短詞、縮略詞等，其中前三種最為重要，下面我們就分若干次給大家一一列舉出來。一、轉(zhuǎn)化詞轉(zhuǎn)化詞就是詞形不變,由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化成另一個詞類的詞1、轉(zhuǎn)化動詞，如:mark評分,stage上演,warm加熱,使溫暖,further促進,water澆水Warmthemilkbeforedrinkingit.Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.Coolthewaterbeforeyoudrinkit.Thetrainsloweddownasitenteredthestation.2、轉(zhuǎn)化名詞，如:cause起因,use用處,native本地人,major主修科目Let'sgoforadrivenextSunday.Youcanaskforahelp.Theystoppedthereforaswim.二、合成詞合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成的一個新詞1、合成名詞，如:workforce,haircut,postman,X-ray,mailbox,landowner,farmland,handstand,handshake,coastline,gunfire,short-wave,gentleman,newcomer,tightrope,best-seller,mainland,freeway,second-hand,midday,front-runner,pickpocket扒手,breakwater防波堤,runway,sit-downer靜坐罷工者,breakthrough突破,runaround借口,runaway逃亡,sell-out售完,handout傳單,breakdown衰落2、合成形容詞，如:worldwide,nationwide,duty-free,snow-white,world-famous,lifelong,English-speaking,noise-killing,hand-made,peace-loving,horse-drawn,fun-loving,ready-made現(xiàn)成的,good-looking,easy-going,low-lying地勢低洼的,well-known,hard-working,well-informed消息靈通的,widespread,ill-formed,first-rate,second-hand,worthwhile,everyday,middle-aged,warm-blooded,good-tempered,bare-footed3、合成代詞，如:himself,herself,themselves,something,someone,anything,nobody4、合成動詞，如:overthrow,output,input,uphold,uplift,downgrade,sleep-walk,typewrite,brainwash,handpick精選,daydream,whitewash,deep-freeze5、合成副詞，如:meanwhile,midway,everywhere,somewhere,anyway,otherwise,sometime,beforehand,onshore,inside,offhand,headfirst頭朝下地,daylong常見的合成詞：airconditioner空調(diào)機airraid空龔alarmclock鬧鐘armsrace軍備競賽assemblyline裝配線baby-sitter看孩子的人bankaccount銀行帳戶birthcontrol節(jié)制生育blooddonor獻血者bloodpressure血壓bookcase書柜bookmark書簽braindrain人才流失burglaralarm防盜警報器busstop公共汽車站canopener開罐器carpark停車場contactlens隱形眼鏡corporalpunishment體罰cottonwool藥棉creditcard信用卡deathpenalty死刑estateagent地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人fancydress(ball)化裝舞會generationgap代溝greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)healthcenter醫(yī)療中心heartattack心臟病發(fā)作heartfailure心國衰竭hirepurchase分期付款incometax所得稅labourforce勞動力labourmarket勞動市場letter-box信箱mailorder郵購定單mineralwater礦泉水mother-tongue母語nailvarnish指甲油newsbulletin新聞公報packageholiday一纜子度假計劃penfriedn筆友pocketmoney零用錢policestation警察分局postoffice郵局signlanguage手語sodawater蘇打水、汽水soundbarrier音障tabletennis乒乓球teabag袋泡茶tea-table茶幾telephonenumber電話號碼toilet-paper衛(wèi)生紙unemploymentbenefit失業(yè)救濟金welfarestate福利國家X-rayX光youthhostel青年旅舍centralbank中央銀行civilrights公民權(quán)力compactdisc激光唱盤currentaffairs時事drycleaning干洗fastfood快餐first-aid急救Frenchfries炸薯條generalknowledge人所共知的事generalpublic公眾highereducation高等教育highheels高跟（鞋）highjump跳高highschool中學(xué)humanbeing人humanrights人權(quán)industrialrelations勞資關(guān)系modernlanguages現(xiàn)代語言musicalinstrument樂器naturalhistory自然歷史naturalresources自然資源nervousbreakdown神經(jīng)失常oldage老年oldhand老手openair露天openletter公開信personalcomputer個人電腦polarbear白熊，北極熊publicsector公營部門remotecontr